3736176
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The name of the key cell in the brain that eventually gives rise to it's complexity and ability to regulate behaviour is the [blank_start]neuron[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
neuron
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The neuron also has a supporting cast of cells, the [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells
Respuesta
-
glial
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The approximate number of neurons in the NEOCORTEX alone is
Respuesta
-
10 billion
-
100,000
-
100 million
-
200 million
-
20 billion
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Glial cells potentially play a role in facilitating neural transmission.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Brain cells responsible for nutritional and scavenger functions
Respuesta
-
Glial
-
Neurons
-
Mitochondria
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Another major type of [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells are oligodendroglia, which also form [blank_start]myelin[blank_end], the white fatty substance of [blank_start]axonal[blank_end] sheaths.
Respuesta
-
glial
-
myelin
-
axonal
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
At the tips of an axon are [blank_start]synaptic vesicles[blank_end] that produce and house neurotransmitters.
Respuesta
-
synaptic vesicles
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
[blank_start]Long term potentiation[blank_end] - an increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by high-frequency activity of that input.
Respuesta
-
Long term potentiation
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Programmed cell death is called [blank_start]apoptosis[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
apoptosis
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The hindbrain ([blank_start]pons[blank_end], [blank_start]medulla[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end]), the midbrain, and the forebrain (divided into the telencephalon and [blank_start]diencephalon[blank_end])
Respuesta
-
pons
-
medulla
-
cerebellum
-
diencephalon
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Division of the brain shown here are are [blank_start]axial[blank_end], [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] and [blank_start]coronal[blank_end] respectively
Respuesta
-
axial
-
coronal
-
sagittal
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Within the brain are four fluid filled chambers, or [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end], through which [blank_start]cerebrospinal[blank_end] fluid flows.
Respuesta
-
ventricles
-
cerebrospinal
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Cerebrospinal fluid also flows through the [blank_start]subarachnoid[blank_end] space
Respuesta
-
subarachnoid
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The amygdala is located in front of the tip of the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] horn of the lateral ventricle and the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is located along the floor of the temporal horn
Respuesta
-
temporal
-
hippocampus
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Cerebrospinal fluid in produced within the [blank_start]choroid plexi[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
choroid plexi
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
In disorders that involve brain degeneration the ventricle enlarge in size to fill the void
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
How blood flow responds to the brain as is engages a particular function is the basis of [blank_start]fMRI[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
fMRI
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The [blank_start]medulla oblongata[blank_end] is the lowest section of the brainstem.
Respuesta
-
medulla oblongata
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The hindbrain is the sight which (select ALL correct) functions.
Respuesta
-
heartbeat
-
respiratory function
-
control of blood pressure
-
visuospatial skills
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Running through the centre of the brainstem and up towards the forebrain structures from the spinal cord is the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] formation. Lesions to this structure are often related to sleep disturbance, coma and alertness.
Respuesta
-
reticular
Pregunta 22
Respuesta
-
pons
-
Cerebellum
-
medulla oblongata
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The cerebellum (also) has a number of NON-motor functions, and cerebellar lesions are known to affect abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, attention, speed of information processing and emotional modulation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The substantia nigra is located within the
Respuesta
-
forebrain
-
hindbrain
-
midbrain
-
temporal lobe
Pregunta 25
Respuesta
-
Thalamus
-
pons
-
temporal lobe
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Sensory nuclei in the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] serve as the major relay and processing centres for all senses except smell and project to the primary sensory cortices.
Respuesta
-
thalamus
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Korsakoff's syndrome can involve which of the following symptoms
Respuesta
-
anterograde amnesia alone
-
retrograde amnesia alone
-
both retrograde and anterograde amnesia
-
Korsakoff's syndrome does typically not involve memory loss
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The hypothalamus is located [blank_start]below[blank_end] the thalamus
Respuesta
-
below
-
above
-
beside
Pregunta 29
Respuesta
-
putamen
-
Caudate nucleus
-
lateral ventrical
-
nucleus accumbens
-
nucleus accumbens
-
caudate nucleus
-
lateral ventricle
-
putamen
-
posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
caudate nucleus
-
globus pallidus
-
caudate nucleus
-
putamen
-
anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
-
internal capsule
-
internal capusal
-
putamen
-
third ventricle
-
thalamus
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Damage to the basal ganglia can result in (choose best)
Respuesta
-
paralysis
-
motor function disturbance
-
language disorder
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The term neostriatum refers to which cluster of nuclei? (choose all correct)
Respuesta
-
putamen
-
caudate nucleus
-
the grey matter bands (striations) connecting the caudate to the putamen
-
hippocampus
-
cerebellum
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The limbic system includes the
Respuesta
-
hippocampus
-
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
-
amygdala
-
cerebellum
-
fornix
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The cingulate gyrus is located (choose ALL correct)
Respuesta
-
within the medial aspects of the cortex
-
superior to the corpus collosum
-
Inferior to the corpus collosum
-
posterior to the central sulcus
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
[blank_start]Commissural[blank_end] fibers connect between hemispheres, whereas [blank_start]association[blank_end] fibers involve connections within a hemisphere
Respuesta
-
Commissural
-
Association
-
association
-
commissural
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The [blank_start]corpus callosum[blank_end] is the big band of commissural fibers connecting the two hemispheres
Respuesta
-
corpus callosum
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The lateral plane refers to the [blank_start]left[blank_end] and [blank_start]right[blank_end] sides of the brain, on either side of the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] fissure.
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
-
longitudinal
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The anterior and posterior sections of the brain are separated by the [blank_start]central[blank_end] sulcus
Respuesta
-
central
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
[blank_start]Hemiplegia[blank_end] refers to paralysis on one side of the body
Respuesta
-
Hemiplegia
-
Paraplegia
-
Semiplegia
-
Demiplegia
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
All auditory fibers project to the collateral primary auditory cortex.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
A point to point relationship between sense receptors and cortical cells is laid out on the primary auditory cortex, with cortical representation arranged according to [blank_start]pitch[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
pitch
-
volume
-
noise
-
amplitude
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Within the visual system, a [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] what system is specialized for object recognition and a [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] where system is specialized for spatial and movement percetiion.
Respuesta
-
ventral
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
dorsal
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Areas of the cortex involved in motor and sensory function can be loosely divided into three key groups, primary, secondary and tertiary areas. Primary areas involve the initial vague representation of the action or sense, which in turn are elaborated in secondary areas before being integrated holistically with other movements or senses in tertiary areas.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
A lesion to an association area would typically not result in specific sensory or motor deficits. Rather, the behavioral difficulties would more likely appear as various higher order deficits involving the integration, recognition and fine tuning of primary information.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of the brain is more specialized in language and for processing verbally coded information.
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The [blank_start]right[blank_end] side of the brain typically processes nonverbal information such as complex visual patterns or auditory signals that are not coded for in verbal form.
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere contributes to appreciation of the context (body language, irony) of verbal information and thereby, to the accuracy and appropriateness of language usage.
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
In keeping with the principles of hemispheric specialisation the most obvious cognitive deficit with [blank_start]left[blank_end] hemisphere damage is aphasia.
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Holistic, Synthesising, Pictorial and Intuitive. These features are generally characteristic of which brain hemisphere?
Respuesta
-
Left
-
Right
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The left-right dichotomies in hemispheric lateralization should be taken as useful concepts and not iron-clad facts. Normal healthy behaviour is a function of the whole brain working together, with important contributions from both hemispheres entering into virtually every activity.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
[blank_start]Dysarthria[blank_end] is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words. It is unrelated to any problem with understanding cognitive language.
Respuesta
-
Dysarthria
-
Aphasia
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
A patient who has had lesions exclusively in one hemisphere and appears to have difficulties making sense out of complex stimuli, and difficulties in comprehending speech intonation (prosody). The same patient may also experiences the following deficits (choose the most likely answer):
Respuesta
-
Impaired verbal memory, loss of basic mathematical concepts and difficulties with verbal fluency.
-
Inattention in the left visual field, copying of visual designs and loss of spatial orientation even in familiar surroundings.
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Patients with right hemisphere lesions: (choose the best)
Respuesta
-
Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli due to a fundamental deficit in emotional processing.
-
Are more emotional because left sided regions responsible for the modulation of emotion are no longer inhibited by right sided regions
-
Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli. However it is not clear whether this is a fundamental deficit, or that is could be that emotional experience would not be impaired if the patient could properly apprehend emotional stimuli (such as emotive facial expression or tone of voice).
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Patients with [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided lesions tend to be overly sensitive to their disabilities. However many patients ultimately compensate for them well enough to make a satisfactory adaptation to their disabilities.
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Patients whose injuries involve [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions are less likely to be dissatisfied with themselves or their disabilities and are less likely to be aware of their mistakes. Consequently, those patients with such reduced insights tend to make [blank_start]poorer[blank_end] adjustments to their circumstances.
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
-
poorer
-
better
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
[blank_start]Left[blank_end] hemisphere damaged patients tend depression as result of the ability to conceive of their deficits, and thus is directly reactive to the injury and more prevalent during the [blank_start]acute[blank_end] phases of recovery.
Respuesta
-
Left
-
Right
-
acute
-
long term
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
In patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere damage, depression is often due to the secondary consequences brought on by a lack of self awareness or insight. As such these patients tend to set unrealistic goals and may be unpleasant socially, leading to isolation from friends and family. Thus depression is more likely to develop slowly as a reaction to these secondary consequences.
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
A clinician can accurately make diagnoses about the lateralisation of injury based on patient behaviour alone.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following best describes the lateral characteristics of a healthy brain:
Respuesta
-
The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the right hemisphere.
-
The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the left hemisphere.
-
Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the commissural tracts.
-
Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the association tracts.
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Very few tasks rely exclusively on a single hemisphere
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Superior memorization tends to occur when: (choose the BEST answer)
Respuesta
-
Information is encoded using a linguistic representation
-
Information is encoded using a non-verbal representation
-
Information is encoded using simultaneous verbal and non-verbal representations
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The external surface of the cerebral cortex is wrinkled into a complex of ridges called [blank_start]gyri[blank_end], and fissures called [blank_start]sulci[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
gyri
-
sulci
-
gyri
-
sulci
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The [blank_start]central sulcus[blank_end] divides the cerebral hemisphere into anterior and posterior regions.
Respuesta
-
central sulcus
-
central gyrus
-
medial sulcus
-
lateral sulcus
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Immediately in front of the central sulcus lies the [blank_start]precentral[blank_end] gyrus which contains much of the primary [blank_start]motor[blank_end] area.
Respuesta
-
precentral
-
postcentral
-
motor
-
sensory
-
visual
-
auditory
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The bulk of the primary somatosensory area is located in the [blank_start]gyrus[blank_end] just behind the central [blank_start]sulcus[blank_end] called the [blank_start]postcentral gyrus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
gyrus
-
sulcus
-
sulcus
-
gyrus
-
postcentral gyrus
-
postcentral sulcus
-
precentral gyrus
-
precentral sulcus
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Anatomical areas of the cortex are largely defined according to:
Respuesta
-
physical characteristics, appearance and location.
-
function, and connectivity
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
In general the anterior regions of the cortex tend to be dedicated input systems, dealing largely with sensation and perception.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The primary auditory cortex is located:
Respuesta
-
Along the upper most edge of the temporal lobe, below the somatosensory area.
-
In the parietal lobe, immediately anterior to the somatosensory area
-
In the anterior temporal lobe, immediately ventral to Broca's area.
-
Above the lateral sulcus, immediately below the somatosensory area.
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Lesions to the primary visual cortex
Respuesta
-
can result in discrete blind spots in corresponding parts of the visual field.
-
usually result in total blindness
-
most commonly result in difficulties recognizing objects or describing their location in space
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Hemianopia is
Respuesta
-
reduced vision or blindness over one side of the visual field
-
multiple blind spots across both sides of the visual field
-
total cortical blindness
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
[blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] is the inability to process sensory information.
Respuesta
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
-
Anopsia
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
[blank_start]Anopsia[blank_end] refers to any defect in the visual field
Respuesta
-
Anopsia
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Visual [blank_start]agnosia[blank_end] is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or low intellect
Respuesta
-
agnosia
-
anopia
-
aphasia
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Visual agnosia may be related to damage to which areas of the cortex? (choose all correct)
Respuesta
-
Fusiform gyrus
-
Parietal lobe
-
Visual association areas
-
Frontal lobe
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
[blank_start]Prosopagnosia[blank_end] refers to an inability to recognize faces
Respuesta
-
Prosopagnosia
-
Prosopaphasia
-
Prosopanopsia
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] agnosia refers to a failure of recognition due to defective retrieval of knowledge pertinent to a given stimulus. The problem is due to faulty sensory-specific memory; the patient is unable to recognize the object despite being able to perceive it normally. [blank_start]Apperceptive[blank_end] agnosia refers to a defective integration of otherwise normally perceived components of a stimulus. The problem is more a failure of perception; these patients fail to recognize a stimulus because they cannot integrate the perceptual elements of the stimulus.
The distinction involves whether the disturbance is primarily a failure of memory, or of perception.
Respuesta
-
Associative
-
Apperceptive
-
Apperceptive
-
Associative
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] visual agnosia is strongly associated with bilateral damage to higher order association cortices in the ventral and medial occipitotemporal areas, whereas [blank_start]apperceptive[blank_end] visual agnosia is more closely associated with damage to earlier, more primary visual cortices.
Respuesta
-
Associative
-
Apperceptive
-
apperceptive
-
associative
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
If a patient has trouble naming an object that they are capable of perceiving, but are able to recall its meaning (function, features, characteristics) it is MOST likely that they have associative visual agnosia.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Simultanagnosia involves the inability to perceive more than one object or point in space at a time.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Anomia involves a difficulty in retrieving [blank_start]names[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
names
-
meaning
-
spatial information
-
numeric information
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
[blank_start]Pure alexia[blank_end] is a reading problem that stems from defects in visual recognition, organization and scanning rather than from defective comprehension of written material.
Respuesta
-
Pure alexia
-
Dyslexia
-
Anomia
-
Acalculia
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
The two-streams hypothesis argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] stream (also known as the "[blank_start]what[blank_end] pathway") travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification and recognition. The [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] stream (or, "[blank_start]where[blank_end] pathway") terminates in the parietal lobe and is involved with processing [blank_start]object spatial location and position.[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
object spatial location and position.
-
object identification and recognition.
-
object naming.
-
facial recognition
-
where
-
what
-
who
-
how
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
medial
-
lateral
-
what
-
where
-
who
-
how
-
ventral
-
dorsal
-
medial
-
lateral
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
The parietal-temporo-occipital (PTO) association area is primarily involved in:
Respuesta
-
integration of sensory and perceptual information
-
higher visual function alone
-
higher auditory function alone
-
somatosensory input
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Patients with lesions in their PTO frequently demonstrate construction difficulties. Such as the ability to construct two or three dimensional objects from one or two dimensional units. [blank_start]Left[blank_end] sided lesions are apt to disrupt the programming or ordering of movements necessary for constructional activity. On the other hand, patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions tend to demonstrate difficulties with spatial imagery or the understanding of spatial relationships, in particularly these patients have difficulties with diagonality in a design.
Respuesta
-
Left
-
Right
-
right
-
left
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Although lesions to either hemisphere may conduct visuospatial construction. It is likely that lesions to the [blank_start]right hemisphere[blank_end] is probably more likely to produce visuoconstruction defects than an equal contralateral lesion.
Respuesta
-
right hemisphere
-
left hemisphere
-
frontal lobe
-
hippocampus
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Laterality effects also occur in the perception of auditory stimuli such that left [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe damage impairs [blank_start]temporal processing (sound duration)[blank_end], whereas right [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] damage impairs [blank_start]spectral processing (pitch, harmony).[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
temporal processing (sound duration)
-
spectral processing (pitch, harmony)
-
spectral processing (pitch, harmony).
-
temporal processing (sound duration)
-
temporal
-
occipital
-
frontal
-
temporal
-
ocipital
-
frontal
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
[blank_start]Apraxia[blank_end] is a disorder of motor coordination and planning, whereas [blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] refers to a deficit in processing sensory information.
Respuesta
-
Apraxia
-
Agnosia
-
Aphasia
-
Agnosia
-
Apraxia
-
Aphasia
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
parietal lobe damage significantly slows the disengagement of attention, with the greatest slowing occurring when the lesion is on the right.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
name this subsection of the parietal lobe
Respuesta
-
inferior parietal lobule
-
posterior parietal gyrus
-
ventral parietal lubule
-
centroparietal area
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Lesions to the inferior parietal lobule are typically related to deficits in [blank_start]short term[blank_end] memory.
Respuesta
-
short- term (or working)
-
long term
-
autobiographical
-
proceedural
Pregunta 90
Respuesta
-
Cingulate gyrus
-
corpus callosum
-
pons
-
fornix
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
The inferior parietal lobule is composed of the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and the [blank_start]angular gyrus[blank_end]. Wernicke's area is located ventrally to the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and immediately caudal to the [blank_start]primary auditory cortex[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
primary auditory cortex
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
angular gyrus
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
angular gyrus
-
primary auditory area
-
supramarginal gyrus
-
Wernicke's area
-
primary auditory area
-
angular gyrus
-
Broca's area
-
temporal lobe
Pregunta 92
Respuesta
-
anterior cerebral artery
-
potine branches
-
basilar artery
-
posterior communicating artery
-
middle cerebral artery
-
internal carotid artery
-
anterior communicating artery
-
posterior cerebral artery
-
vertebral artery
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which arteries supply each of the regions below?
(hint: include the word artery)
Respuesta
-
middle cerebral artery
-
anterior cerebral artery
-
posterior cerebral artery
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which of the following best represents the relationship between language and mathematics in functional neuroanatomy:
Respuesta
-
Language and mathematics ability appear to be related to the left temporal lobe, and thus are always observed concurrently.
-
Language and mathematics occupy equal but contral lateral portions of the left and right temporal lobes respectively.
-
Language and mathematics deficits often accompany one another, however some patients will develop one or the other separately.
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Neglect is more common on the [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of personal and extrapersonal space.
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
An unawareness to one side of personal and extrapersonal space is known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
neglect
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] temporoparietal cortex is most usually associated with a chronic left sided-inattention known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
right
-
neglect
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Severe hemispatial inattention is very much a "[blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere phenomenon" just as aphasia is a "[blank_start]left[blank_end] sided phenomenon"
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
-
left
-
right
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Inattention (neglect) is only diagnosed when all five sensory modalities are affected
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Neglect is most closely associated with which of the following cortical areas
Respuesta
-
left temporal lobe
-
right dlPFC
-
right parietal lobe
-
left occipital lobe
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Deficits with visuospatial construction, left side attention, or organization of discrete features into a whole are consistent with which brain area. (choose BEST option)
Respuesta
-
right parietal lobe
-
right ocipital lobe
-
left temporal
-
amygdala
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Patients with "cortical deafness" can often retain near normal sensory hearing capacity.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
[blank_start]Pure word deafness[blank_end], which occurs mostly with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] lesions, is an inability to comprehend spoken words despite intact hearing, speech production, reading ability and recognition of non-linguistic sounds.
Respuesta
-
Pure word deafness
-
Dyslexia
-
Alexia
-
Agraphia
-
left temporal
-
right temporal
-
right parietal
-
left occipital
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
[blank_start]Auditory agnosia[blank_end] may refer to an inability to recognize auditorily presented environmental sounds. When confined to nonspeech sounds (e.g telephone ringing) it is most frequently associated with right sided [blank_start]posterior temporal[blank_end] lesions.
Respuesta
-
posterior temporal
-
mediofrontal
-
occipital
-
thalamatic
-
Auditory agnosia
-
Pure word deafness
-
Auditory aphasia
-
Auditory acalculia
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
[blank_start]Wernicke's aphasia[blank_end] patients may speak in fluent and syntactically correct sentences that has no semantic meaning. This condition is most commonly associated with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] damage.
Respuesta
-
Wernicke's aphasia
-
Broca's aphasia
-
Richards aphasia
-
Anomic
-
left temporal
-
right temporal
-
right frontal
-
left parietal
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
[blank_start]Anomia[blank_end] is a disorder related to the retrieval of words which may disrupt fluent speech.
Respuesta
-
Anomia
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
right temporal lesions are rarely associated with language deficits, however difficulties naming and recognizing [blank_start]facial expressions[blank_end] have been reported.
Respuesta
-
facial expressions
-
tools
-
animals
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
Relative cortical specializations relating to type for different categories of common nouns have been identified. For example some regions have been associated with animal names, whereas others have been associated with the names of tools.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
Damage to the right temporal lobe may result in which of the following symptoms? Choose ALL correct
Respuesta
-
Deficits in spatial, non-verbal and abstract reasoning.
-
Amusia
-
Wernicke's aphasia
-
Anomic aphasia
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
A primary function of the [blank_start]temporal lobes[blank_end] is memory
Respuesta
-
temporal lobes
-
occipital lobes
-
brain stem
-
central sulcus
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
The [blank_start]medial[blank_end] temporal lobe contains several structures critical for memory including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.
Respuesta
-
medial
-
ventral
-
caudal
-
lateral
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and adjacent areas of the temporal lobe is responsible for the memory impairment that emerges in early Alzheimer's disease.
Respuesta
-
hippocampus
-
amygdala
-
putamen
-
internal capsule
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
emotional disturbances are associated with lesions involving the hippocampus as well as the [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] and the [blank_start]uncus[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
amygdala
-
optic chiasm
-
medulla oblongata
-
uncus
-
olfactory bulb
-
corpus callosum
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
Many patients with focal damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] can still recognize single faces, words, objects etc as well as cognitively intact persons. Memory requiring relationships between single stimuli requires the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end]. This division of labor explains the severity of memory disorder resulting from these lesions. Even when amnesic patients retain some new learning ability, this new information lack superordinate organizing context.
Respuesta
-
hippocampus
-
hippocampus
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
Which type of memory is the hippocampus MOST CLOSELY associated with
Respuesta
-
Older autobiographical memories
-
Recently aqcuired declarative information
-
Old declariative memories
-
Recently aquired procedural memory
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
Which is true of older memories:
Respuesta
-
Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
-
Old (declarative) memories are primarily stored in the hippocampus.
-
Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely stored in the basal ganglia, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
Damage to the left hippocampus would mostly like disturb the learning of what type of information?
Respuesta
-
Learning information such as names, new words and verbal facts.
-
Learning informations such as new faces, geographical routes and musical melodies.
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
In a famous study, London cab drivers showed an enlargement of certain brain area after acquiring "the knowledge". Considering what you know which region of the brain was likely enlarged.
Respuesta
-
Right hippocampus
-
Left hippocampus
-
Corpus callosum
-
Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
The hippocampus is not involved in learning non-declarative information such as motor skills.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
The medial temporal lobes are not involved in working memory, nor are they involved in maintaining or processing information over very short intervals.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
Retrieval of information involving a single sensory modality appears to be most strongly associated with the associated cortex adjacent to the primary sense area. For example, retrieval of visual information is impaired by lesions of the visual association cortex of the occipital lobe.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] is involved in processing emotional stimuli from all major sensory modalities.
Respuesta
-
amygdala
-
pons
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
Lesions to the [blank_start]premotor division[blank_end] of the frontal lobe do not result in loss of the ability to move, but rather disrupt the integration of the motor components of complex acts, producing discontinuous, uncoordinated or impaired motor skills.
Respuesta
-
premotor division
-
primary motor cortex
-
prefrontal portion
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
Language deficit following damage to the left premotor area most likely do no involve comprehension but rather the ability to organise and produce speech sounds. This is known as oral [blank_start]apraxia[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
apraxia
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
Damage to Broca's area results in
Respuesta
-
expressive aphasia
-
fluent aphasia
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
Lesions to the area of the right hemisphere, in the equivalent but contralateral to Broca's area may result in flat monotonic speech and difficulties with involving fluent prosody.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
The [blank_start]prefrontal[blank_end] lobes are where already correlated incoming information from all sources, external and internal, conscious and unconscious, memory storage and visceral arousal centres is integrated and enters ongoing activity
Respuesta
-
prefrontal
-
temporal
-
primary motor
-
parietal
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
The [blank_start]ventromedial[blank_end] prefrontal cortex plays a key role in impulse control and in regulation and maintenance of set and ongoing behaviour.
Respuesta
-
ventromedial
-
dorsolateral
-
parietal
-
superior medial
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
Behavioural problems with starting, stopping or switching tasks, deficits in self awareness, and a concrete attitude are associated with damage to which major area of the brain?
Respuesta
-
Amygdala
-
Parietal Lobe
-
Prefrontal cortex
-
Limbic system
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