38194724
Descripción
Test por Monica Werner, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Monica Werner
hace casi 2 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are [blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]do not contain[blank_end] a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Circular[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Eukaryotes are [blank_start]Multicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]contain[blank_end] a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Linear[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]do not have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Respuesta
-
Unicellular
-
Multicellular
-
do not contain
-
contain
-
Circular
-
Linear
-
have
-
do not have
-
Multicellular
-
Unicellular
-
contain
-
do not contain
-
Linear
-
Circular
-
do not have
-
have
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.
Respuesta
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Capsule
-
Ribosomes
-
Cell Wall
-
Plasma Membrane
-
Nucleiod
-
Nucleus
-
Flagellum
-
Chromosome (DNA)
-
Fimbirae
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?
Respuesta
-
Clostridium botulinum
-
Shingella dysenteriae
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Mycobacterium leprosae
-
Enterococcus faecalis
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?
Respuesta
-
Anaerobic bacteria lack and inner and outer cell membrane
-
Anaerobic bacteria have pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
-
Aerobic bacteria lack catalase and SOD
-
Aerobic Bacteria have a cell wall
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:
Respuesta
-
Complement
-
Limited Turbulance
-
Preexisting antibodies
-
IgA in mucosal secretions
-
Multi-layer keratinized epithelia
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Match the symbiotic type with its definition:
[blank_start]Mutualism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria and Host
[blank_start]Commensalism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria, no effect on the host
[blank_start]Parasitism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria but Bad for the host
Respuesta
-
Mutualism
-
Commensalism
-
Parasitism
-
Commensalism
-
Mutualism
-
Parasitism
-
Parasitism
-
Mutualism
-
Commensalism
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
[blank_start]Resident[blank_end] Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while [blank_start]Transient[blank_end] Bacteria have a short term presence.
Respuesta
-
Resident
-
Transient
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract.
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Oral
[blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Stomach
[blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Small Intestines
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Large Intestines
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Colon
Respuesta
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Minimal
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which is more prevalent in the gut?
Respuesta
-
Obligate Anaerobes
-
Aerobes
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition.
[blank_start]Obligate Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living in environments not containing oxygen
[blank_start]Facilitative Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living with or without oxygen
[blank_start]Aerobe[blank_end] --> Living in oxygen containing environments
Respuesta
-
Obligate Anaerobe
-
Facilitative Anaerobe
-
Aerobe
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in
Respuesta
-
Post-antibiotic infections
-
Pathogenic colonization prevention
-
Inhibiting pathogenic overgrowth
-
Normal micro-biotic flora
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Nosocomial infections can be acquired from
Respuesta
-
Hospitals
-
Nursing Homes
-
Offices
-
Outpatient Clinic
-
Home Care
-
Outpatient Pharmacy
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A lack of immune system priming results in
Respuesta
-
Strong immune system
-
Weak immune system
-
Nonspecific antibodies
-
Very specific antibodies
-
Low serum Igs
-
High serum Igs
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Infections begins with [blank_start]Exposure[blank_end]
which leads to [blank_start]Entry[blank_end]
then [blank_start]Multiply and Spread[blank_end]
which can result in [blank_start]Injury[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Exposure
-
Entry
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Injury
-
Entry
-
Exposure
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Injury
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Exposure
-
Entry
-
Injury
-
Injury
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Exposure
-
Entry
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?
Respuesta
-
Inhalation
-
Ingestion
-
Penetration
-
Site to Site Transfer
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?
Respuesta
-
Transfer of a pathogenic bacteria from one patient to another by staff
-
An infection acquired from a contaminated hot tub
-
Infection due to catheterization
-
Diarrhea that develops after prolonged antibiotic utilization
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Bacterial Adhesions are stronger than Bacterial Attachment Proteins.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Bacteria multiply in the [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] before Invasion.
Respuesta
-
Submucosa
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
[blank_start]Direct Damage[blank_end] is caused by bacterial toxins destroying host cells and tissues while [blank_start]Indirect Damage[blank_end] is caused by the host inflammatory response.
Respuesta
-
Direct Damage
-
Indirect Damage
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition.
[blank_start]Neurotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Nerves
[blank_start]Cytotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Cells
[blank_start]Exotoxin[blank_end] --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells
[blank_start]Endotoxin[blank_end] --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane
Respuesta
-
Neurotoxin
-
Cytotoxin
-
Exotoxin
-
Endotoxin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] Domain binds to the cell
The [blank_start]A[blank_end] Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.
Respuesta
-
B
-
A
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Membrane Active Exotoxins have an indirect insertion into the host membrane that forms a pore causing cell leakage/lysis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Super Antigens bridge the gap between [blank_start]Antigen Presenting Cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]T Cells[blank_end] causing a massive release of [blank_start]Cytokines[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Antigen Presenting Cells
-
T Cells
-
Cytokines
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Endotoxins are ONLY associated with Gram - Cells
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
PAMP stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern[blank_end]
PRR stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Recognition Receptor[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
-
Pathogen Recognition Receptor
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Having a polysaccharide capsule can make it easier for bacteria to withstand attack from [blank_start]Phagocytosis[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Compliment Cascade[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Phagocytosis
-
Compliment Cascade
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
PAMPs are located on our cells while PRRs are located on Bacterial cells
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Bacteria avoid attack from the immune system through
Respuesta
-
Slightly changing the proteins on the outside to avoid Compliment Cascade
-
Polysaccharide Capsule
-
Attaching and Destroying/Replicating in Phagocytes
-
Secreting Proteases to damage present antibodies (IgA IgG)
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Bacteremia means [blank_start]Bacteria in the blood[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Bacteria in the blood
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Localized infections mean the pathogen or the toxins being released are concentrated in one area or tissue. The Localized effects also stay in that general area.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Systemic Infections are where the pathogen enters the blood or several tissues. This can contain Cytokines, secreted toxins and presence of bacteria, viruses, or pathogens in the blood.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
SIRS stands for [blank_start]Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
You must have at least two of which of these symptoms for SIRS?
Respuesta
-
Abnormal Temperature
-
Lowered Heart Rate
-
Respiratory Distress
-
Abnormal WBC Counts
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Match the SIRS pro inflammatory cytokines with their function
TNF-Alpha --> [blank_start]Activates IL-1 and IL-6[blank_end]
IL-1 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage[blank_end]
IL-6 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage pt2[blank_end]
IL-8 --> ?
PAF --> [blank_start]Blood Clotting[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Activates IL-1 and IL-6
-
Cellular Damage
-
Blood Clotting
-
Cellular Damage
-
Activates IL-1 and IL-6
-
Blood Clotting
-
Cellular Damage pt2
-
Activates IL-a and IL-6
-
Blood Clotting
-
Blood Clotting
-
Activates Il-1 and IL-6
-
Cellular Damage
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
In CARS [blank_start]IL-1Ra[blank_end] counteracts the pro inflammatory activity of [blank_start]IL-1[blank_end] in SIRS
Respuesta
-
IL-1Ra
-
IL-1
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
When there is a SIRS response, and [blank_start]infection[blank_end] is what kicks off the cascade into Sepsis
Respuesta
-
infection
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
DIC stands for [blank_start]Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
In MODS or [blank_start]Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome[blank_end], multiple organs begin to fail and stop working properly.
Respuesta
-
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The lungs are usually the first to fail in a syndrome called ARDS or [blank_start]Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The kidneys are usually next to fail in ARF or [blank_start]acute renal failure[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
acute renal failure
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The infections that are most common with SIRS to cause sepsis are (in order)
1 [blank_start]Respiratory Tract[blank_end]
2 [blank_start]Genitourinary Tract[blank_end]
3 [blank_start]Intra-Abdominal[blank_end]
4 [blank_start]Device Related[blank_end]
5 [blank_start]Wounds/Soft Tissue[blank_end]
6 [blank_start]Primary Bacterium[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Device Related
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Inra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Pathogens commonly associated with sepsis in order
1 [blank_start]Gram Positive Aerobes[blank_end]
2 [blank_start]Gram Negative Aerobes[blank_end]
3 [blank_start]Anaerobes[blank_end]
4 [blank_start]Fungi[blank_end]
5 [blank_start]Polymicrobial[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Anaerobes
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Fungi
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Polymicrobial
-
Polymicrobial
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The damage from Gram Positive Sepsis comes from the [blank_start]Peptidoglycan[blank_end], [blank_start]Pro-inflammatory cytokines[blank_end], and [blank_start]exotoxins[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Peptidoglycan
-
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
-
exotoxins
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Gram Negative Sepsis has stronger effects than Gram Negative but is less common.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The bacteria causing Gram Positive Septic Shock are
[blank_start]Streptococcus pneumonia[blank_end]
[blank_start]Staphylococcus spp[blank_end]
[blank_start]Enterococci spp[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Streptococcus pneumonia
-
Staphylococcus spp
-
Enterococci spp
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