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Foundations Midterm/Final

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Test sobre Foundations Midterm/Final, creado por Erin Knapp el 15/03/2023.
Erin Knapp
Test por Erin Knapp, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Erin Knapp
Creado por Erin Knapp hace más de 1 año
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The nuclear force which holds electrons in “orbit” around an atom is called:
Respuesta
  • gravity
  • charge
  • valence force
  • binding energy

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Scatter radiation is mostly a result of the Photoelectric interaction.
Respuesta
  • true
  • false

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
The Compton interaction is mainly responsible for radiographer dose.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Respuesta
  • decrease
  • increase
  • remain the same

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
As the atomic number of an element increases, the energy required to remove an inner shell electron _____________________.
Respuesta
  • increases
  • decreases
  • is unchanged

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Respuesta

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The end product(s) of the photoelectric effect is/are:
Respuesta
  • one ejected electron and an orbital vacancy
  • one ejected electron only
  • one scattered photon, one ejected electron, and an orbital vacancy
  • one scattered photon only
  • one orbital vacancy only

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
If an incident photon has an energy of 90 keV and undergoes a Compton interaction giving 20 keV to the ejected electron which had a binding energy of 2 keV, determine the energy of the scattered photon. the energy is [blank_start]68[blank_end] keV
Respuesta
  • 68

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an interaction between x-ray photons and matter?
Respuesta
  • compton interaction
  • photoelectric interaction
  • brems interaction
  • coherent interaction

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The greatest amount of scatter is produced from the _____________________ interaction.
Respuesta
  • coherent
  • compton
  • characteristic
  • brems

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
A high energy x-ray photon has a long wavelength.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
An 80-kV photon undergoes a coherent scattering interaction with an orbital electron having a binding energy of 8 kV. What is the energy of the resulting scattered photon?
Respuesta
  • 88 kV
  • 8 kV
  • 72 kV
  • 80 kV

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam.
Respuesta
  • low energy x-ray photons
  • high energy incident electrons
  • high energy x-ray photons
  • low energy incident electrons

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
label the parts of the x-ray beam spectrum graph
Image:
Picture2 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • characteristic interactions
  • kilovoltage peak
  • average breams kV
  • brems interactions

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
If the number of protons within an atom’s nucleus is changed, which of the following must absolutely change:
Respuesta
  • number of electrons
  • element's name
  • electrical charge
  • number of neutrons

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Characteristic radiation forms a discrete emission spectrum.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The partial absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through the body is best referred as:
Respuesta
  • absorption
  • brems
  • heterogeneity
  • attenuation

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
this interaction is a ____________ interaction
Image:
Picture1 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • compton

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Respuesta

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
A low energy brems x-ray results when the incident electron is strongly influenced by the nucleus.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration. Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Respuesta

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
If an incident x-ray photon ejects a k-shell electron with a binding energy of 37 keV, and the initial energy of the photon was 40 keV, the ejected electron leaves the atom with _____ keV of kinetic energy.
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 40
  • 37
  • 17

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
A photon of x-ray has an electrically positive charge.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Attenuation causes a gradual decrease in the number of primary x-rays that exit the patient.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Brems is produced by:
Respuesta
  • slowing down of an electron by the nucleus
  • ionization from ejection of outer shell electron
  • excitation and restabilization of an outer shell electron
  • creation of a photoelectron

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Respuesta
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Respuesta
  • brems
  • compton
  • photoelectric
  • characteristic

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Radiation that turns 180 degrees in direction after interacting with matter is called:
Respuesta
  • coherent
  • backscatter
  • brems
  • characteristic

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
If a projectile electron is traveling at 70 keV and is deviated by the nucleus with a resulting electron energy of 10 keV, determine the energy of emitted radiation = [blank_start]60[blank_end] keV This is an example of what type of radiation? [blank_start]brems[blank_end] interaction
Respuesta
  • 60
  • brems

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
We used an original mAs of 32 and kVp of 80, list two separate techniques (one kVp & mAs then another kVp & mAs) we could use to double our exposure. (0.5 pt for each) 15% rule: [blank_start]92[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]32[blank_end] mAs Doubling mAs: [blank_start]64[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]80[blank_end] kVp
Respuesta
  • 92
  • 32
  • 64
  • 80

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
label the x-ray tube
Image:
Picture3 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • stator
  • rotor
  • glass envelope
  • filament
  • focusing cup
  • target
  • window
  • disk

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Distortion can be a misrepresentation of
Respuesta
  • shape only
  • size only
  • detail
  • shape and size

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the OID is 5 in. round to 2 decimal places [blank_start]1.14[blank_end]x
Respuesta
  • 1.14

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The difference between two adjacent shades of gray is:
Respuesta
  • distortion
  • subject contrast
  • spatial resolution
  • quantum mottle

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Spatial resolution is improved when:
Respuesta
  • SID decreases
  • OID decreases
  • SOD decreases
  • OID increases

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Foreshortening is present if:
Respuesta
  • The image of the object is shorter than the object
  • The image of the object is larger than the object
  • the tube and IR are in alignment
  • IR exposure is excessive

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
If 80 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.025 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]10[blank_end] mAs
Respuesta
  • 10

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The [blank_start]___[blank_end] the SID, the [blank_start]___[blank_end] the magnification.
Respuesta
  • lesser
  • greater
  • n/a
  • smaller
  • bigger
  • n/a

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
change from 20 mAs to 40 mAs Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Respuesta

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
As tube angle increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
What can negatively impact spatial resolution?
Respuesta
  • patient motion
  • small focal spot
  • minimal OID
  • small detectors

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
change from 3 mm Al filtration to 5 mm Al filtration Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Respuesta

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Factors affecting spatial resolution include:
Respuesta
  • focal spot size
  • contrast scale
  • kVp
  • mAs

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
A good method for controlling motion when the patient is unable to cooperate is to:
Respuesta
  • decrease kVp
  • increase focal spot size
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing exposure time
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing mA

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The effect of mAs upon IR exposure is:
Respuesta
  • directly proportional
  • inversely proportional
  • dependent on kVp

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
If a radiograph using 40 mAs (400 mA at 0.10 sec.) produced a radiograph with satisfactory exposure, what new time should be used if mA is changed to 200? [blank_start]0.2[blank_end] sec
Respuesta
  • 0.2

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Poor spatial resolution is caused by an unacceptable amount of
Respuesta
  • umbra
  • penumbra
  • IR Exposure
  • contrast

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
the unsharpness in an image is affected by all of the following except:
Respuesta
  • focal spot size
  • mAs
  • SOD
  • OID

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
If a projected image measures 3 in. and the magnification factor is 1.1, what is the size of the actual object? (you must label your answer with abbreviation) [blank_start]2.7 in[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 2.7 in

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
The principal controlling technical factor of remnant beam contrast is
Respuesta
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • anode angle

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
As kVp increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Respuesta
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
An increase in x-ray beam filtration
Respuesta
  • increases magnification
  • increases the average photon energy of the beam
  • decreases patient tissue density
  • increases the quantity of photons in the beam

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
A radiograph with few shades of gray exhibits
Respuesta
  • high contrast
  • medium contrast
  • low contrast

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the SOD is 25 in. [blank_start]1.6[blank_end]x
Respuesta
  • 1.6

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
As filtration increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
If the following three exposures were obtained on the same patient (with no computer processing and/or on film) and everything is unchanged except for mAs, in which image would you expect mAs to have been the largest?
Image:
Exam2+Image1 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • A
  • B
  • C

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Respuesta
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
With an SID of 40 inches, and an OID of 10 inches, what is the factor of magnification?
Respuesta
  • 3x
  • 4x
  • 1.33x
  • 0.25x

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
If 70 kVp, 100 mA, and 0.25 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]25[blank_end] mAs
Respuesta
  • 25

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
If 10 mAs at 120 kVp is used for a radiograph and the remnant beam's scale of contrast is too long, determine the new technique to be used obtaining the same IR exposure. new kVp: [blank_start]102[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]20[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 102
  • 20

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Electronic "snow" on a display monitor or TV monitor image is a form of:
Respuesta
  • noise
  • scatter
  • distortion
  • IR exposure

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
As mAs increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Respuesta
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
A change in kVp, as an exposure factor, affects
Respuesta
  • average beam energy
  • beam intensity/quantity
  • the relative amount of scatter received on the IR
  • all of the above

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
As kVp increases, the percentage of Compton interactions (relative to the total number of interactions) [blank_start]____[blank_end] and remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]____[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • N/A
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • N/A

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Size distortion is controlled by:
Respuesta
  • SID
  • OID
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • patient motion

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 72 in. and the SOD is 25 in. round to 2 places. [blank_start]2.88[blank_end] x
Respuesta
  • 2.88

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
As mAs increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
As mAs increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
As SID increases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
As focal spot size increases, spatial resolution will _______________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is the result of
Respuesta
  • tissue thickness
  • IR exposure only
  • monitor's brightness settings
  • tissue density

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kVp?
Respuesta
  • lower contrast
  • longer scale of contrast
  • more fog/scatter seen on IR
  • more photoelectric interactions

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Insufficient mAs is likely to contribute to ___ in the image.
Respuesta
  • quantum mottle
  • motion
  • high spatial resolution
  • excessive OID

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Using the 15% rule changes
Respuesta
  • distortion
  • IR exposure
  • remnant beam contrast

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. What kVp would be required to double the exposure? round up to whole number [blank_start]75[blank_end] kVp
Respuesta
  • 75

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
As OID increases, size distortion will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
If the signal is 16 and the noise is 4 on a hypothetical radiographic image, what is the Signal to Noise ratio?
Respuesta
  • 8
  • 12
  • 4
  • 0.24

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Which of the following is equivalent to low penumbra?
Respuesta
  • high sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low distortion
  • high magnification

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Penumbra decreases as
Respuesta
  • SID increases
  • OID decreases
  • focal spot decreases
  • all of the above

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
If the mA is set at 300 and the total mAs produced is 15 mAs, the exposure time must be:
Respuesta
  • 0.5 sec
  • 0.05 sec
  • 0.2 sec
  • 2 sec

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Size distortion in radiography can be ___ only.
Respuesta
  • magnification
  • foreshortening
  • elongation
  • minimization

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
What factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Respuesta
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • mA
  • focal spot size

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
If 20 mAs at 100 kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled without altering the remnant beam contrast scale, determine the new technique that should be used. new kVp: [blank_start]100[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]40[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 100
  • 40

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
which of the following are causes of scatter radiation
Respuesta
  • high kVp
  • low kVp
  • large part thickness
  • part density
  • large field sizes
  • small field sizes
  • large mAs
  • small mAs

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
what is the purpose of a grid
Respuesta
  • to absorb low energy photons before they reach the IR
  • to absorb scatter before it reaches IR
  • to reflect scatter away from IR
  • to absorb primary radiation before it reaches IR

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
match the type of grid with its definition [blank_start]Stationary[blank_end] grid: attaches to cassette [blank_start]Reciprocating[blank_end] grid: moves grid back and forth [blank_start]Oscillating[blank_end] grid: move grid plate in circular motion The [blank_start]reciprocating[blank_end] and [blank_start]oscillating[blank_end] grids make up the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm aka the [blank_start]bucky[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Stationary
  • Reciprocating
  • Oscillating
  • reciprocating
  • oscillating
  • bucky

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
the [blank_start]higher[blank_end] the grid ratio, the more effective the grid is at removing scatter
Respuesta
  • higher

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
We used 10 mAs at 78 kV on a KUB. Convert this non-grid technique to a 10:1 grid [blank_start]50[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]78[blank_end] kV
Respuesta
  • 50
  • 78

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
Convert 60 mAs at 92 kV using a 8:1 grid to an 5:1 grid. [blank_start]30[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]92[blank_end] kV
Respuesta
  • 30
  • 92

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
increased lead content = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = contrast scale [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] = image contrast [blank_start]increases[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
grid cut off is due to the absorption of
Respuesta
  • scatter radiation
  • remnant radiation
  • primary radiation
  • secondary radiation

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(3) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • short axis
  • linear
  • cross-hatch

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(4) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • parallel
  • focused

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
What is the grid radius based on?
Respuesta
  • SID
  • OID
  • Tube angle
  • Object thickness

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
fill out the table and GCF equation, include x in multiplier.
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(5) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • No grid
  • x1
  • 5:1
  • x2
  • 6:1
  • x3
  • 8:1
  • x4
  • 10:1 or 12:1
  • x5
  • 16:1
  • x6
  • mAs2
  • mAs1
  • GCF2
  • GCF1

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
What causes the moire effect?
Respuesta
  • the grid lines are parallel to scan lines of processor
  • the grid lines are perp to scan lines of processor
  • misalignment of the grid and beam
  • incorrect SID used

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
This image is an example of
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 15+203711 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Moire effect
  • quantum mottle
  • misalignment of x-ray beam
  • grid inversion

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
Match the image with its grid error
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(6) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Grid Radius
  • misalignment/angling of the x-ray beam
  • Inversion of focused grid

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
The air gap technique is when OID is [blank_start]increases[blank_end], so scatter on the IR [blank_start]decreases[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • increased
  • decreased
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
When generator power and rectification increase
Respuesta
  • quantity of current increases
  • quantity of current decreases
  • quality of current increases
  • quality of current decreases
  • current is not affected

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
high frequency generators [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the ripple of the wave form with each increase in generator power, the exposure rate of the x-ray beam [blank_start]increases[blank_end] These changes [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the effective mA, which allows for a [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] in technique High power generators also [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the average kV Generally, the set mAs could be [blank_start]cut in half[blank_end] when changing from a single phase to a 3 phase/HF
Respuesta
  • reduce
  • increase
  • don't change
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • cut in half
  • doubled
  • unchanged

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
generator power [blank_start]lengthens[blank_end] remnant contrast scale generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] spatial resolution generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] size distortion generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] shape distortion
Respuesta
  • does not affect
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
which of the following are considered inherent filtration
Respuesta
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
which of the following are considered added filtration
Respuesta
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
The minimum total filtration equivalent is [blank_start]2.5[blank_end] mm Al - [blank_start]1.5[blank_end] mm of inherent filtration - [blank_start]1[blank_end] mm added filtration
Respuesta
  • 2.5
  • 1.5
  • 1

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
What is the unit for directly measuring x-ray beam penetration
Respuesta
  • Half-Value Layer
  • Half-Vacancy Layer
  • mm Al
  • mm Hg
  • mm Pb

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
A Potter-Bucky diaphragm does not move
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
Higher frequency grids have [blank_start]thinner[blank_end] lead strips
Respuesta
  • thinner
  • thicker
  • no difference in

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
What is the most critical factor in a grid's efficiency?
Respuesta
  • grid frequency
  • grid ratio
  • lead content of grids
  • grid dimension

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
Grid radius is the distance between the grid and the [blank_start]convergence line[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • convergence line

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
Match the term with its definition [blank_start]Grid ratio[blank_end] : the proportion of the height to the width of the interspaced between the lead strips [blank_start]Lead Content of Grid[blank_end] : mass per unit area, as this increases so does the removal of scatter [blank_start]Grid Radius[blank_end]: the distance between the grid and the convergent line or point aka the correct SID [blank_start]Grid Frequency[blank_end]: the number of lead strips counted per inch/cm
Respuesta
  • Grid ratio
  • Lead Content of Grid
  • Grid Radius
  • Grid Frequency

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
What is the purpose of a compensating filter?
Respuesta
  • balance the exposure
  • dramatically change the contrast scale
  • reduce the remnant beam
  • protect tech from scatter radiation

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
Which of the follower are the purposes for field size limitation
Respuesta
  • minimize radiation exposure to the tech
  • minimize radiation exposure to the patient
  • change subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve image sharpness

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
increased collimation (smaller size) = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]shortened[blank_end] contrast scale increased collimation = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure
Respuesta
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same amount of
  • lengthened
  • shortened
  • same
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
match the types of field size limitations
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(8) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • aperture diaphragm
  • cone and cylinder collimator
  • modern collimator

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
The purpose of PBL is
Respuesta
  • to allow techs to not worry about collimation
  • ensure the field size is never larger than cassette
  • allow for easy collimation
  • automatically set field size

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
label
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 16+132208 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • first stage shutters
  • collimator housing
  • second stage long shutters
  • second stage cross shutters
  • useful beam
  • image receptor
  • off-focus radiation
  • mirror
  • focal spot
  • anode

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
Positive Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiopaque[blank_end] ([blank_start]white[blank_end]) -Based upon [blank_start]Barium or Iodine[blank_end] Negative Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiolucent[blank_end] ([blank_start]black[blank_end]) -Are all [blank_start]gasses[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • Barium or Iodine
  • Barium or Calcium
  • Lead or Tungsten
  • Tungsten or Molybdenum
  • Calcium or Iodine
  • Barium or Tungsten
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • gasses
  • water
  • tissues
  • bones
  • barium
  • iodine

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
Additive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiopacity of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]increased[blank_end] technique Destructive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiolucency of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] technique
Respuesta
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
which of the following are additive diseases
Respuesta
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
which of the following are destructive diseases
Respuesta
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
For soft tissue techniques, kVp is
Respuesta
  • increased by 20%
  • decreased by 20%
  • remains the same as C-spine

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
For patients with a fiberglass cast/splint, the technique may be altered by
Respuesta
  • an increase in mAs by 50%
  • an increase in mAs by 20%
  • an increase in mAs by 8%
  • an increase in kVp by 50%
  • an increase in kVp by 20%
  • an increase in kVp by 8%

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
the longer the SID, the [blank_start]sharper[blank_end] the detail the longer the SID, the [blank_start]less[blank_end] magnification the longer the SID, the [blank_start]no effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Respuesta
  • sharper
  • fuzzier
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
fill in the formula for the inverse square law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • I1
  • I2
  • (D2)^2
  • (d1)^2

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
fill in the formula for the exposure maintenance law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • mAs1
  • mAs2
  • (D1)^2
  • (D2)^2

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] Scatter = [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] contrast scale Increased OID = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] sharpness Increased OID = [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] magnification Increased OID = [blank_start]No effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Respuesta
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • shorter
  • longer
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on

Pregunta 137

Pregunta
If 40 mAs at 76 kVp is used and the amount of exposure needs to be cut in half, determine the new technique that should be used if you want to use the 15% rule. round to 1 decimal place if necessary [blank_start]64.6[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]40[blank_end] mAs
Respuesta
  • 64.6
  • 40

Pregunta 138

Pregunta
If 80mAs at 70kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled and the remnant beam scale of contrast lengthened, determine the new technique that should be used. round to one decimal if necessary new kVp: [blank_start]80.5[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]80[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 80.5
  • 80

Pregunta 139

Pregunta
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. round to 1 decimal place if necessary new kVp to double IR exposure: [blank_start]74.8[blank_end] new kVp to halve IR exposure: [blank_start]55.3[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 74.8
  • 55.3

Pregunta 140

Pregunta
Volume of the irradiated tissue increases as
Respuesta
  • field size decreases
  • patient thickness increases
  • mAs decrease
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 141

Pregunta
The half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure
Respuesta
  • mAs level
  • the penetrability of the xray beam
  • the grid ratio
  • the amount of xrays in the beam

Pregunta 142

Pregunta
Photon absorption within the body occurs as the result of
Respuesta
  • compton interactions
  • scatter radiation
  • photoelectric interaction
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 143

Pregunta
The [blank_start]____[blank_end] the photon energy, the [blank_start]____[blank_end] the percentage of interactions that will be Compton interactions.
Respuesta
  • higher
  • lower
  • higher
  • lower
  • unaffected

Pregunta 144

Pregunta
If OID increases, the remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]_________________[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • lengthens
  • shortens
  • is unaffected

Pregunta 145

Pregunta
The computer distinguishes the anatomy of interest from background exposure outside collimated field during:
Respuesta
  • exposure
  • automated field recognition
  • automated rescaling
  • field uniformity corrections

Pregunta 146

Pregunta
How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as
Respuesta
  • contrast resolution
  • brightness
  • spatial resolution
  • density

Pregunta 147

Pregunta
In generic digital imaging terms, the average brightness level of the image is called the:
Respuesta
  • window level
  • window width
  • density
  • scale of contrast

Pregunta 148

Pregunta
In a digital image histogram graph, the vertical height of any data point along the plotted curve (measured against the y axis of the graph), indicates the:
Respuesta
  • image contrast
  • pixel value (brightness)
  • number of pixels possessing the value
  • S1

Pregunta 149

Pregunta
A barium study projection will likely require the computer to locate both Smin and Smax.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 150

Pregunta
On an image histogram, an unusual spike to the left of the main bell-shaped lobe of the curve most likely represents:
Respuesta
  • osteoporosis
  • background exposure
  • a large metallic object
  • air in the lungs

Pregunta 151

Pregunta
Dependent on the manufacturer’s algorithm, a value of interest (VOI) can accentuate a certain tissue thickness or bone.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 152

Pregunta
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Respuesta
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the resolution of the image
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 153

Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of a Field Uniformity Correction?
Respuesta
  • creation of a best fit line for the raw detector data
  • a flattening of the histogram curve as needed
  • application of a kernel across the matrix
  • evening out of brightness to account for irregularities in the hardware of the IT across the image field

Pregunta 154

Pregunta
Many imaging systems present the histogram with an averaged gray scale curve overlying the histogram. The steeper the slope:
Respuesta
  • lighter the image
  • the darker the image
  • longer the image gray scale
  • higher the image contrast

Pregunta 155

Pregunta
Digital radiography images that are underexposed have a high SNR.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 156

Pregunta
The development of which of the following enabled DR systems to use a flat-shaped receptor plate:
Respuesta
  • photostimulable phosphor plates
  • thin-film transistors (TFTs)
  • the photomultiplier tube
  • CCDs

Pregunta 157

Pregunta
In digital imaging processing, what is segmentation?
Respuesta
  • a graph plotting signal intensity for each pixel
  • identification of the exposed area of the IR
  • the anatomy on which the exam is performed
  • a look up table

Pregunta 158

Pregunta
Generally speaking, the smaller the pixels, the higher the spatial resolution.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 159

Pregunta
Which of the following terms, all contractions, most accurately describes the individual hardware elements of a DR flat panel receptor that detect radiation in the remnant x-ray beam?
Respuesta
  • the dexel
  • the pixel
  • the voxel
  • the rexel

Pregunta 160

Pregunta
The selection of a narrow window width will:
Respuesta
  • decrease the size of each pixel
  • decrease overall brightness of the image
  • increase contrast in the image
  • increase magnification of the central portion of the image

Pregunta 161

Pregunta
Which of the following modalities create images with the highest spatial resolution?
Respuesta
  • ct
  • nuclear medicine
  • ultrasound
  • digital radiography

Pregunta 162

Pregunta
Adjustment of the window width of the image will change
Respuesta
  • the brightness of the image
  • the level of IR exposure
  • the spatial resolution of the image
  • the scale of contrast of the image

Pregunta 163

Pregunta
The smaller the pixels, the lower the spatial resolution.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 164

Pregunta
For digital imaging, each image displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:
Respuesta
  • signal plate
  • display table
  • matrix
  • detector array

Pregunta 165

Pregunta
In digital radiography, image contrast displayed on the monitor is controlled exclusively by kilovoltage.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 166

Pregunta
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Respuesta
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the spatial resolution in the image
  • all answers are correct
  • no answers are correct

Pregunta 167

Pregunta
A system with a high S/N ratio displays:
Respuesta
  • low noise and high signal
  • low signal and high noise
  • equal amounts of signal and noise
  • no signal and no noise

Pregunta 168

Pregunta
Scatter radiation adds exposure to the image receptor.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 169

Pregunta
Which factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Respuesta
  • kVp
  • mA
  • time
  • focal spot size

Pregunta 170

Pregunta
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Respuesta
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Pregunta 171

Pregunta
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Respuesta
  • characteristic
  • photoelectric
  • brems
  • compton

Pregunta 172

Pregunta
As kVp increases,
Respuesta
  • scatter increases
  • remnant beam contrast scale lengthens
  • all answers are correct
  • image receptor exposure increases

Pregunta 173

Pregunta
The amount of scatter reaching the image receptor is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
Respuesta
  • SID
  • Amount of Collimation
  • kVp
  • grid ratio

Pregunta 174

Pregunta
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Respuesta
  • greater the resolution
  • greater amount of shades of gray in the image
  • shorter acquisition time
  • all answers are correct

Pregunta 175

Pregunta
The higher the DQE, the higher the dose required to get an optimal image.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 176

Pregunta
As the lead content of a grid increases,
Respuesta
  • image receptor exposure increases
  • the contrast decreases
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter increases.
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter decreases

Pregunta 177

Pregunta
In production of a radiograph, which of the following is considered the controlling factor of beam penetration and remnant beam scale of contrast?
Respuesta
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • time
  • filtration

Pregunta 178

Pregunta
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Respuesta
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Pregunta 179

Pregunta
Image level parameters (window level) control image
Respuesta
  • brightness
  • contrast
  • density
  • darkness

Pregunta 180

Pregunta
All of the following are true of pixel pitch except:
Respuesta
  • it is measured from center-center of pixels
  • it is affected by changes in the matrix size
  • it is determined by the size of the dels in flat panel systems
  • it is not related to spatial resolution

Pregunta 181

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a component of a detector element?
Respuesta
  • capacitor
  • charged coupled device
  • semiconductor layer
  • thin film transistor

Pregunta 182

Pregunta
A phosphor screen or scintillator
Respuesta
  • fluoresces when exposed to light
  • fluoresces when exposed to xrays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to x-rays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to light

Pregunta 183

Pregunta
The percentage of the surface area of a flat panel detector element devoted to the semiconductor layer is:
Respuesta
  • DQE
  • Fill factor
  • detector ratio
  • capacitance

Pregunta 184

Pregunta
The purpose of the ADC is to convert the _______ signal to a _________ signal.
Respuesta
  • analog; digital
  • digital; analog
  • analog; detector
  • acquired; detected
  • detector; digital

Pregunta 185

Pregunta
Digital radiography images that are underexposed can show quantum mottle.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 186

Pregunta
In a DR flat panel image receptor, which electronic devices directly account for the plate’s ability to store a latent image until it is sent into the computer?
Respuesta
  • capacitor
  • tfts
  • data lines
  • gate lines
  • semiconductor layer

Pregunta 187

Pregunta
An x-ray unit with a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of 0.2 is said to have perfect contrast resolution.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 188

Pregunta
What is the size of each pixel for an image with a 1024x1024 matrix using a 30x30 cm field of view:
Respuesta
  • 30 cm
  • 0.3 mm
  • 3 cm
  • 3 mm

Pregunta 189

Pregunta
The ratio of SID to SOD is the primary control for:
Respuesta
  • magnification
  • shape distortion
  • scatter production
  • sharpness of recorded detail

Pregunta 190

Pregunta
In a DR flat panel image receptor, most of the square area of each del is dedicated to what portion of the detector element:
Respuesta
  • the semiconductor layer
  • the gate lines
  • the capacitors
  • the tfts

Pregunta 191

Pregunta
The ionization chamber AEC is located behind the IR on the wall Bucky.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 192

Pregunta
As matrix size increases, the image's spatial resolution increases.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 193

Pregunta
Direct conversion digital imaging systems include which of the following?
Respuesta
  • CCD
  • PSP
  • amorphous Se tft
  • amorphous Si tft

Pregunta 194

Pregunta
A CMOS imaging system would have
Respuesta
  • microlens optics
  • charged couple arrays
  • amorphous selenium
  • a helium red laser

Pregunta 195

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps to digitization of an analog image?
Respuesta
  • Sampling
  • Quantization
  • Scanning
  • Initiation

Pregunta 196

Pregunta
The maximum range of pixel values a hardware device can store is:
Respuesta
  • voxel depth
  • bit depth
  • gray scale
  • gray level

Pregunta 197

Pregunta
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] - Use small focal spot: [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 4mm Al: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] -Use 4 seconds: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change

Pregunta 198

Pregunta
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will IR exposure be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 2.0 seconds: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] - Use 60" SID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end]- Use 90 kVp: [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change

Pregunta 199

Pregunta
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 500 mA 2.5 sec 130 kVp 36" SID 6" OID 2000x1000 matrix size Window Width = 800 No grid 5x8 collimated field size small focal spot 3mm Al 0.1mm pixel size Window Level = 65 Changes are proposed below. In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Collimate to 10x10; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use a grid; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 72" SID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 1" OID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] -Window level = 165; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 3600x3600 matrix size; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 0.1cm pixel size; [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • decrease
  • increase
  • n/a
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