40046920
Descripción
Test por Mara Ramallo Martínez, actualizado hace alrededor de 2 meses
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Creado por Mara Ramallo Martínez
hace alrededor de 2 meses
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which type of memory is characterized by a "bottom-up" process, does not require conscious thought, and includes daily habits and motor skills?
Respuesta
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Semantic memory
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Episodic memory
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Implicit memory
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Short-term memory
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What type of memory was preserved in patient H.M. despite severe anterograde amnesia?
Respuesta
-
Semantic memory
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Episodic memory
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Implicit memory
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Verbal short-term memory
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Damage to which brain region is most associated with anterograde amnesia due to impaired memory consolidation?
Respuesta
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Frontal lobe
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Hippocampus
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Amygdala
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Occipital lobe
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The "30-second memory" exhibited by patient C.W. following herpes simplex encephalitis is an example of:
Respuesta
-
Anterograde amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
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Implicit memory loss
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Semantic memory loss
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
In cases of Korsakoff's syndrome, which symptom is most prominent?
Respuesta
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Low verbal fluency
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Confabulation and apathy
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Diminished emotional memory
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Preservation of episodic memory
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which type of amnesia is characterized by difficulty in retrieving older, established memories?
Respuesta
-
Anterograde amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
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Semantic memory impairment
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Episodic memory impairment
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Damage to the left temporal lobe typically results in:
Respuesta
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Problems with recognizing faces and nonverbal material.
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Impairments in processing verbal material and language.
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Enhanced musical recognition abilities.
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Spatial orientation deficits.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Wernicke’s aphasia is best described by which of the following symptoms?
Respuesta
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Slow, non-fluent speech with good comprehension.
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Fluent speech with poor comprehension and nonsensical output.
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Impaired ability to repeat words but good understanding.
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Inability to write or read with intact speech.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which area is primarily affected in Broca’s aphasia, leading to speech production difficulties?
Respuesta
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus
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Primary visual cortex
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Parietal lobe
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What distinguishes global aphasia from other language disorders?
Respuesta
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Fluent speech with naming difficulties.
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Preservation of repetition ability.
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Severe impairment in both speech comprehension and production.
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Isolated impairment in reading and writing.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The dual pathways model of language suggests that:
Respuesta
-
The dorsal pathway is mainly involved in processing emotional prosody.
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The ventral pathway is responsible for transforming sound into motor representation.
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Both pathways are restricted to the left hemisphere.
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The dorsal pathway processes syntax, while the ventral pathway processes semantic information.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which neural structure is crucial for the emotional 'coloring' of memories and can influence the consolidation of emotionally charged events?
Respuesta
-
Hippocampus
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Amygdala
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PFC
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Superior temporal gyrus
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which brain regions are primarily involved in working memory tasks that require holding and manipulating information?
Respuesta
-
Temporal lobe and amygdala
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Hippocampus and occipital lobe
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal association areas
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Medial temporal lobe and brainstem
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Retrograde amnesia associated with Alzheimer’s disease typically results from damage to:
Respuesta
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The primary sensory cortex.
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The lateral temporal cortex and posterior association areas.
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The cerebellum.
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The frontal eye fields.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Transcortical motor aphasia differs from Broca's aphasia primarily by:
Respuesta
-
Preserved repetition ability but impaired spontaneous speech.
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Fluent speech with poor comprehension.
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Complete loss of comprehension and speech production.
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Severe word-finding difficulties with intact speech production.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Conduction aphasia results from damage to which structure that connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Respuesta
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Arcuate fasciculus
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Insula
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Basal ganglio
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A patient with anterograde amnesia would likely experience which of the following?
Respuesta
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Difficulty recalling past events before a traumatic incident.
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Problems forming new long-term memories after an injury.
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Inability to maintain focus on short-term tasks.
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Enhanced ability to recall recent events but impaired memory for older events.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which part of the frontal lobe is involved in integrating emotional and social cues for decision-making and impulse control?
Respuesta
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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Orbitofrontal cortex
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Primary motor cortex
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Supplementary motor area
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Wernicke's area is primarily located at the boundary between which two lobes?
Respuesta
-
Frontal and parietal lobes
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Temporal and occipital lobes
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Temporal and parietal lobes
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Parietal and occipital lobes
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The MUC model of language suggests that Broca’s area is involved in:
Respuesta
-
Only the production of speech.
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Only the comprehension of spoken language.
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Memory, unification, and control processes.
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Processing non-verbal cues like prosody.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Aprosodia, or the loss of tone in speech, is most commonly associated with damage to:
Respuesta
-
Broca's area.
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The right hemisphere.
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The left temporal lobe.
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The cerebellum.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Declarative (explicit) memory depends on which key structure for initial encoding and retrieval?
Respuesta
-
Basal ganglia
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Hippocampus
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Cerebellum
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Primary motor cortex
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Semantic memory differs from episodic memory in that:
Respuesta
-
It involves detailed, personal experiences bound by time and place.
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It requires the amygdala for emotional processing.
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It consists of general knowledge and facts without a time context.
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It is primarily processed by the occipital lobe.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Anomic aphasia is characterized by:
Respuesta
-
Fluent speech with difficulty understanding language.
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Good comprehension but severe word-finding problems.
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Non-fluent speech with intact repetition ability.
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Inability to recognize faces.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following is a defining feature of pure aphasias?
Respuesta
-
They typically involve both speech and comprehension difficulties.
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They are associated with isolated impairments in reading, writing, or word recognition.
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They result in complete mutism.
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They include deficits in both motor and sensory language functions.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The prefrontal cortex contributes to memory primarily through its role in:
Respuesta
-
Encoding long-term emotional memories.
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Retrieving spatial and visual details from past events.
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Managing working memory and directing attention.
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Storing procedural memories for motor tasks.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Retrograde amnesia affecting older memories suggests damage to:
Respuesta
-
The hippocampus exclusively.
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Lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices.
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The cerebellum.
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The frontal lobe's executive function regions.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
H.M.’s case provided crucial evidence that:
Respuesta
-
The amygdala is essential for all types of memory formation.
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The medial temporal lobes are critical for forming new explicit memories.
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Implicit memory relies solely on the frontal lobes
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Episodic and semantic memories are stored in the basal ganglia.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
In cases of aphasia following a right hemisphere lesion, a patient may primarily struggle with:
Respuesta
-
Understanding complex syntax.
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Controlling speech production.
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Using context for interpreting discourse and detecting prosody.
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Repeating phrases accurately.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which feature distinguishes emotional memory from other memory types?
Respuesta
-
It requires only the hippocampus for proper function.
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It has both explicit and implicit components and often involves the amygdala.
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It is stored in the occipital cortex.
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It relies solely on procedural pathways involving the basal ganglia.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Topographic amnesia, or the inability to remember spatial locations, is often due to damage in the:
Respuesta
-
Anterior cingulate cortex.
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Posterior parietal cortex.
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Medial temporal lobe.
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Basal ganglia.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Primary progressive aphasia differs from other aphasias by:
Respuesta
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Being caused by acute trauma like a stroke.
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Gradually impairing language functions over time due to neurodegenerative disease.
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Resulting exclusively from a left occipital lesion.
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Preserving all aspects of language production and comprehension.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Emotional memory is most vivid and long-lasting when:
Respuesta
-
It is processed with minimal activation of the amygdala.
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The hippocampus is entirely bypassed.
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The event triggers significant amygdala activation alongside other memory structures.
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It relies solely on implicit memory pathways.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Herpes simplex encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe often results in:
Respuesta
-
Selective procedural memory deficits.
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Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
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Preserved short-term memory but impaired episodic memory.
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Enhanced ability to encode emotional memories.
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