C4 Quiz

An element contains all the same type of atoms.

The modern periodic table is based on the ideas of which chemist?

Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted properties of missing elements.

Why did other scientists reject Döbereiner's triads and Newlands' octaves?

Each atom has a unique flame-test colour and line spectrum.

Label the sub-atomic particles with their name. What element does the diagram show?

Use the periodic table to answer. What element has the electron configuration 2.8.1?

A period is a row across the Periodic Table. There are trends in properties from left to right, e.g. metals to non-metals.

The reactivity of Group 1 metals (alkali metals) increases.....

Why does the reactivity of alkali metals increase as you go down the group? Choose the three that provide the best explanation when used together.

All the Group 1 elements are very [blank_start]reactive[blank_end]. They must be stored under [blank_start]oil[blank_end] to keep air and water away from them. Group 1 elements form alkaline [blank_start]solutions[blank_end] when they react with water, which is why they are called alkali metals. All the alkali metals react [blank_start]vigorously[blank_end] with cold water. In each reaction, [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end] gas is given off and the metal hydroxide is produced. The speed and violence of the reaction [blank_start]increases[blank_end] as you go down the group. The hydroxides formed in all of these reactions [blank_start]dissolve[blank_end] in water to form alkaline solutions. These solutions turn universal indicator [blank_start]purple[blank_end], showing they are strongly [blank_start]alkaline[blank_end].

What would you expect to see when a piece of potassium is placed into a large bowl of water?

What hazard symbol might you see on sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide?

The halogens have low melting points and low [blank_start]boiling[blank_end] points. This is a typical property of [blank_start]non-metals[blank_end]. Fluorine has the lowest [blank_start]melting[blank_end] and boiling points. The melting and boiling points then increase as you go [blank_start]down[blank_end] the group. Room temperature is usually taken as being 25°C. At this temperature, fluorine and chlorine are [blank_start]gases[blank_end], bromine is a [blank_start]liquid[blank_end], and iodine and astatine are [blank_start]solids[blank_end]. There is therefore a trend in state from gas to liquid to solid as you go down the group. The halogens become [blank_start]darker[blank_end] as you go down the group. Fluorine is very pale yellow, chlorine is yellow-green, and bromine is red-brown. Iodine crystals are shiny purple - but easily turn into a dark purple [blank_start]vapour[blank_end] when they are warmed up.

Which of these is a use for chlorine?

Which is the correct ionic equation for the reaction of chlorine with potassium bromide?

For non-metals, the smaller the atom (and so the fewer the electron shells) the more reactive the element.

[blank_start]Ions[blank_end] are electrically charged particles formed when [blank_start]atoms[blank_end] lose or gain electrons. This loss or gain leaves a full outer shell, so the [blank_start]electronic[blank_end] structure of an ion is the same as that of a noble gas (such as helium, neon or argon). Metal atoms and non-metal atoms do different things when they [blank_start]ionise[blank_end]. Metal atoms [blank_start]lose[blank_end] the electron, or electrons, in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions. Non-metal atoms [blank_start]gain[blank_end] an electron, or electrons, to become negatively charged ions.

In ionic bonding, the metals are oxidised and the non-metals are reduced.

What will be the formula of an ionic compound formed from calcium and oxygen?

Why do ionic compounds usually have high melting points?

When would sodium chloride conduct electricity?