404302
Descripción
Test por gina_evans0312, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por gina_evans0312
hace más de 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is a primary event?
Respuesta
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The conversion of a normal cell to a transformed cell
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The conversion of a normal cell to a tumgeric cell
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The conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What example of primary event is found in Burkitt's Lymphomoma?
Respuesta
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Gross DNA change- Chrimosomal translocation
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Gross DNA change- Chromsomal deletion
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Gross DNA change- Chromosomal insertion
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What occurs to the DNA in Burkett's Lymphoma?
Respuesta
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The C-myc transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
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The C-jun transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
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The Erk transcription factor is placed under the control of a very strong promoter
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which chromosomes fuse to form the Philadelphia chromosome?
Respuesta
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9 & 22
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7 & 13
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6 & 10
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12 & 21
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The loss of what chromosome causes retinoblastoma?
Respuesta
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13
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11
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19
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10
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Name all of the gross DNA changes that can cause oncogenes to form?
Respuesta
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Chromosome insertion
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Chromosome deletion
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Chromosomal translocatiion
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Chromosome fusion
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In Small Lung Lymphatic Lymphoma, what chromosome gains an extra copy?
Respuesta
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12
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1
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7
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16
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Can deletions and additions occur in the same tumor?
Respuesta
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Yes
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No
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A cancer is called a sarcoma- from what type of cell did it arise?
Respuesta
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Muscle
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Skin
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Connective
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Leukaemia's are unusual proliferations of what type of cell?
Respuesta
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Blood
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Liver
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Kidney
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What differentiates a normal mole from a potential melanoma?
Respuesta
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Moles are contained by capsules
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Moles are smaller than melanomas
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Moles have a regular/symmetrical shape
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
When do normal cells cease to divide?
Respuesta
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When they have terminally differentiated
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When subject to stress/DNA damage
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Telomere's are shortened every time the cell replicates- what is this thought to contribute to?
Respuesta
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The Hayflick limit
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Cancer cell formation
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Cell immortality
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
How are cancer cells thought to evade the Hayflick limit?
Respuesta
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Use of telomerase to extend telomeres
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Use of telomeric synthase to extend telomeres
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Use of telomere synthase to extend telomeres
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The condition or process of deterioration with age- what is this defining?
Respuesta
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Mortality
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Tumergic emergence
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Senescence
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The occurence of cancer rises steeply as people..
Respuesta
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Age
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Gain weight
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Become less self sufficient
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What is considered (usually) to be the first mutation in a tumor forming cell
Respuesta
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Increased cell proliferation
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Survival in low O2 environments
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Production of cytotoxic chemicals
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What is an essential requirement for tumor cell formation
Respuesta
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Genetic instability
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No seriously, otherwise they just stay normal cells
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And don't mutate further
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It's kinda obvious, if you think about it
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Can a cell become too unstable genetically to survive?
Respuesta
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Yes
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No
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is the difference between carcino and mutagenesis?
Respuesta
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Carcinogenesis- generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence
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Carcinogenesis- Generation of cancer Mutatgenesis- Change in DNA sequence caused by a carcinogen
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Why is Nitroform a direct carcinogen?
Respuesta
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It can damage DNA in it's present form (needn't be altered by metabolism)
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Can cause the immediate appearance of tumergic cells
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Can cause the appearence of more than one mutation at once
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Why is Aflatoxin not a direct carcinogen?
Respuesta
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It must be metabollically altered before binding to Guanine in DNA
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It must bind to other chemicals before binding to Guanine in DNA
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It must be imported directly into the nucleus before binding to Guanine in DNA
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is the AMES test used for?
Respuesta
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To detect mutagenic properties
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To detect mutated cells
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Name the three components of the AMES test
Respuesta
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Possible mutagen
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Possible carcinogen
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Histadine dependent salmonella
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Lysine dependent salmonella
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Homogenised liver extract
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Homogenised stomach extract
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The cells in an AMES test are placed on an Agar plate lacking what?
Respuesta
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Histadine
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Lysine
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Guanine
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Tumor promoters act synergystically with what?
Respuesta
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Carcinogens
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Cell proliferation
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Mutagens
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Do tumor promoters directly alter DNA?
Respuesta
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Yes
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No
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
In tests, which had to be added first to promote tumor growth?
Respuesta
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The initiator- which causes DNA damage
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The promoter- which causes cell proliferation
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Either- it doesn't matter
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What happens when, after the initiator is added, the promoter is added slowly?
Respuesta
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No tumor forms
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A tumor forms
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Why is rapid cell proliferation required after mutation?
Respuesta
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It reactivates genes potentially silenced by initiator damage
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Forces the expression of damaged genes
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Because it does
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Name the factors that don't influence cancer cell formation
Respuesta
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Basic Bodily functions i.e the production of O2 radicals
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Smoking
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Environment
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Diet
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Reproductive life
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Disease
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