4154528
Descripción
Test por campbellpa2017, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por campbellpa2017
hace casi 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is not a diagnosis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following PO2 & PCO2 values would be indicative of ARF? (Choose all that apply)
Respuesta
-
PO2: 80 mmHg
-
PCO2: 80 mmHg
-
PO2: 55 mmHg
-
PCO2: 55 mmHg
-
PCO2: 30
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following signs and/or symptoms are NOT shared by both hypoxemia and hypercapnia:
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
cyanosis
-
tachypnea
-
AMS
-
asterixis
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
For pts with chronic hypercapnia, a [blank_start]low-flow O2[blank_end] may be used to avoid [blank_start]hypoventilation[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
low-flow O2
-
high-flow O2
-
hypoventilation
-
hyperventilation
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following ventilatory supports would be most appropriate for a patient w/ an acute lung injury, ARDS, and/or severe hypoexmia?
Respuesta
-
NPPV (CPAP or BiPAP)
-
Intubation
-
Non-rebreather mask
-
Nasal cannula
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following might be considered indications for intubation?
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
inability to clear secretions
-
mental status decline
-
respiratory acidosis
-
fatigue, tachypnea, and accessory muscle use
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following may be a complication of mechanical ventilation?
Respuesta
-
barotrauma
-
acute respiratory alkalosis
-
hypotension
-
A & B only
-
All of the above
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Deliberate hypoventilation to avoid barotrauma - even to the point of hypercapnia - is permissible when using mechanical ventilation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following need be of concern when a pt is on mechanical ventilation? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
minimizing sedatives, hypnotics, and/or opiates
-
DVT prophylaxis
-
decubitus ulcers
-
avoidance of hypokalemia and/or hypophosphatemia
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing factor to asthma?
Respuesta
-
obesity
-
genetic predisposition
-
male
-
female
-
atopy (atopic syndrome)
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following may trigger an asthma exacerbation? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
Weather
-
Exercise
-
GERD
-
NSAIDs
-
Menstruation
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following may be signs and/or symptoms of asthma? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
nasal polyps
-
eczema/atopic dermatitis
-
prolonged inspiratory phase
-
use of accessory muscles
-
nasal mucosal swelling
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following are common findings in diagnosing asthma? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
reduced FEV1/FVC
-
increased FEV1/FVC
-
abnormal CXR
-
improved by bronchodilator
-
exacerbated by methacholine
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
"Control" of asthma is expressed in terms of impairments and risks.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The most effective treatment for long-term control of asthma is:
Respuesta
-
SABA
-
LABA
-
ICS
-
Leukotriene modifiers
-
Exercise
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following is/are best used to treat exercise-induced asthma?
Respuesta
-
Leukotriene modifiers
-
SABAs
-
ICS + SABA
-
Cromolyn sodium & nedocromil
-
Anticholinergics
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following is the best treatment for short-term control (quick relief) of asthma sxs?
Respuesta
-
SABAs
-
LABAs
-
ICS
-
Anticholinergics
-
Systemic corticosteroids
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Anticholinergics (e.g. ipratropium) are best used in conjunction with systemic corticosteroids.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
An asthmatic suffering from an acute exacerbation may have a normal to below normal respiration rate.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Types of COPD include: 1) [blank_start]Chronic Bronchitis[blank_end] (the blue bloater) characterized by excessive secretions and daily productive cough, and 2) [blank_start]Emphysema[blank_end] (the pink puffer) characterized by abnormal airspace enlargement distal to terminal bronchiole w/ wall destruction.
Respuesta
-
Chronic Bronchitis
-
Emphysema
-
Asthma
-
ARF
-
ARDS
-
Chronic Bronchitis
-
Emphysema
-
Asthma
-
ARF
-
ARDS
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
80% of COPD is caused by tobacco smoking.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
An uncommon cause of COPD in a young, non-smoker may be related to:
Respuesta
-
Asbestos
-
Atopy (Atopic Triad)
-
Sampter's Triad
-
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
-
SARS
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Late stages of COPD may include:
Respuesta
-
pulmonary HTN
-
cor pulmonale
-
chronic respiratory failure
-
A & C only
-
All of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Common COPD findings:
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
PFT: increased FEV1/FVC
-
EKG: multifocal atrial tachycardia
-
CXR: flattening of diaphragm
-
ECHO: pulmonary HTN
-
ABG: respiratory alkalosis (chronic hypocapnia)
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
In COPD, daily oxygen use is positively correlated with longer survival rates, reduced hospitalizations, and better quality of life.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Common COPD treatment(s):
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
Daily Oxygen Use
-
ICS/LABA + Anticholinergic
-
SABA PRN
-
Long-term oral steroids
-
Prophylaxis Antibiotics
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Possible signs of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) include:
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
HTN
-
Pulm HTN
-
Cor Pulmonale
-
Erythropenia
-
Nasal obstruction
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following are real surgical procedures used to tx OSA?
(select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
oronasoseptotomy
-
nasal septoplasty
-
tracheotomy
-
nasopharyngeal resection
-
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Community-acquired pneumonia is the most deadly infection disease in the U.S.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
All of the following are considered risk factors for CAP, EXCEPT:
Respuesta
-
ETOH abuse/dependence
-
decreased BUN
-
AMS
-
tachypnea
-
All of the following are considered risk factors
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Because the clearing of lung infiltrates in CAP may take 6 weeks or longer, there is no need to repeat a CXR unless a pt is not doing well clinically.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Hospital (or Health Care) Associated Pneumonia typically develops within 48 hours of admission.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Most common cause of HCA PNA:
Respuesta
-
S. pneumo
-
P. aeruginosa
-
K. pneumoniae
-
H. flu
-
Adenovirus
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following is an empiric tx for MRSA?
Respuesta
-
amoxicillin-clavulanate
-
Clindamycin + B-lactam
-
Macrolide + ICS
-
B-lactam + Aminoglycoside
-
None of the above
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Aspiration PNA is most commonly associated w/ aerobic bacterial infections.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Foul-smelling sputum in PNA is classically associated w/
Respuesta
-
anaerobic bacteria
-
aerobic bacteria
-
dental abscesses
-
empyema
-
TB
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Pulmonary infection often associated with HIV pts:
Respuesta
-
Mycobacteria
-
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
-
Aspergillus
-
SARS
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Mycoplasma tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious cause of death in the world.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
TB is eradicated in 95% of cases in which the host is not immunocompromised.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate regarding TB:
Respuesta
-
Latent TB can still be transmitted to others in blood and plasma
-
TB has a 50% reactivation rate in pts w/ HIV
-
90% of adult TB is activation of latent TB
-
Extrapulmonary TB is common in HIV
-
Drug resistance is a major problem
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated w/ TB:
Respuesta
-
calcified hilar nodules (latent)
-
Ghon and Ranke complexes (latent)
-
infiltrates in lower areas of lungs (active)
-
hilar LAD (active)
-
miliary pattern w/ hematogenous spread (active)
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Routine TB skin tests in low-risk persons is not generally recommended.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The tuberculin skin test identifies infected individuals but does not differentiate between active and latent infection.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
TB skin tests are read by measuring:
Respuesta
-
erythema
-
induration
-
color of area
-
sensitivity/tenderness of area
-
all of the above
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
It may take up to 10 weeks for an immune response to develop to TB infection.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which of the following TB skin test induration measurements would be considered positive: (select any that apply)
Respuesta
-
6mm in HIV pt.
-
8mm in pt. w/ HA-PNA
-
12mm Non-immunocompromised pt.
-
8mm in organ transplant pt.
-
6mm in an infant
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Pyridoxine (vit. B-6) is given in TB tx to decrease the neurological side effects
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
TB may migrate to all areas of the body, including the brain, heart, bones, muscles, and lymph nodes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Treatment of latent TB usually involves:
Respuesta
-
BCG vaccine
-
Isoniazid for 6-9 months
-
No treatment (only monitoring via serial CXRs)
-
TST
-
Both A & B
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The BCG vaccine is not given in the U.S.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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