4190990
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following factors greatly improves venous return to the heart during strenous exercise?
Respuesta
-
Rapid emptying of the right heart
-
Forceful action of the valves in the veins
-
Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle
-
Peristalsis in the large veins
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What results from increased secretion of epinephrine?
Respuesta
-
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
-
Decreased stimulation of the SA node and ventricles
-
Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and the kidneys
-
Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following arteries branch off of the aorta?
Respuesta
-
Common carotid arteries
-
Pulmonary arteries
-
Coronary arteries
-
Subclavian arteries
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs decreases sodium and fluid retention in the body?
Respuesta
-
Warfarin (Coumadin)
-
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
-
Nitroglycerin (Isodil)
-
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following are predisposing factors to thrombus formation in circulation:
1. Decreased viscosity of the blood
2. Damaged blood vessel walls
3. Immobility
4. Prosthetic valves
Respuesta
-
1 and 3
-
2 and 4
-
1, 3, and 4
-
2, 3, and 4
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What drug is taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion?
Respuesta
-
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or Aspirin)
-
Streptokinase
-
Acetaminophen
-
Heparin
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What will a partial obstruction in a coronary artery likely cause?
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary Embolus
-
Hypertension
-
Angina attack
-
Myocardial infarction
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because it _____.
Respuesta
-
reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance
-
decrease serum lipid levels
-
promotes thrombus formation
-
increases serum HDL levels
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Loss of blood supply in a limb may lead to ___________.
Respuesta
-
necrosis
-
ulcers
-
gangrene
-
All of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What does the term "arteriosclerosis" specifically refer to?
Respuesta
-
Development of atheromas in large arteries
-
Changes in coronary arteries
-
Degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries
-
Ischemia and necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and heart.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is ________.
Respuesta
-
sedentary lifestyle
-
female over 40 years of age
-
exclusion of saturated fats from diet
-
familial hypercholesterolemia
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
An atheroma develops from _________.
Respuesta
-
a torn arterial wall and blood clots
-
accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occured
-
a thrombus forming in damaged walls of veins
-
repeated vasospasms
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following except________.
Respuesta
-
eating a large meal
-
an angry arguement
-
walking down stairs
-
walking rapidly up a hill on a cold, windy day
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true:
Respuesta
-
both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis
-
angina often occurs at rest, MI occurs during stressful time
-
pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI
-
angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; pain of MI is not
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction:
Respuesta
-
cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body
-
temporary vasospasm occurs in a coronary artery
-
total obstruction of a coronary artery causes myocardial infarction
-
heart rate and force is irregular, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What are the early signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?
Respuesta
-
brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm with labored breathing
-
persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse
-
bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea
-
flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness and numbness
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which statement describes a coronary artery bypass procedure?
Respuesta
-
removing the section of an artery containing plaque and thrombus
-
compressing the thrombus with an inflated balloon to provide a larger lumen
-
attaching a section of vein to the coronary artery proximal and distal to the obstruction
-
adding pieces of vein to the end of each coronary artery
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Calcium channel blocking drugs are effective in ________.
Respuesta
-
reducing the risk of blood clotting
-
decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques
-
reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions
-
decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction?
Respuesta
-
cardiac arrhythmias
-
ruptured ventricle
-
congestive heart failure
-
cerebrovascular accident
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Why does ventricle fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?
Respuesta
-
delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation
-
insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium
-
the ventricles contract before the atria
-
parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What happens in the lungs after the diaphragm relaxes?
Respuesta
-
air is forced out of the lungs
-
lung volume increases
-
intrapulmonic pressure decreases
-
intrapleural pressure decreases
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following activities does not require muscle contractions and energy?
Respuesta
-
Quiet inspiration
-
Forced Inspiration
-
Quiet expiration
-
Forced expiration
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is the maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration?
Respuesta
-
Expiratory reserve volume
-
Inspiratory reserve volume
-
Total lung capacity
-
Vital capacity
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
Respuesta
-
Epinephrine
-
Histamine
-
Parasympathetic nervous system
-
Drugs that block beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What does the term "hemoptysis" refer to?
Respuesta
-
Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection
-
Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus
-
Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
-
Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What does "orthopnea" mean?
Respuesta
-
Very deep, rapid respirations
-
Difficulty breathing in a recumbent position
-
Waking up suddenly, coughing and struggling to breathe
-
Noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
How is acute sinusitis usually manifested?
Respuesta
-
Serous nasal discharge and chronic cough
-
Copious frothy sputum an dsyspnea
-
Severe localized pain and tenderness in the face
-
Fetid breath and sore throat
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?
Respuesta
-
Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain
-
Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing
-
Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the mornings
-
Harsh barking cough and wheezing
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Respuesta
-
Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor
-
Hoarse voice and barking cough
-
Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
-
Sneezing, mild cough, and fever
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
Respuesta
-
Rhinovirus
-
Influenza virus
-
Haemophilus influenza
-
Pneumoccocus
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following is a major factor contributing to the current increase in cases of tuberculosis?
Respuesta
-
Increased use of BCG vaccine
-
The increase of immunodeficient individuals
-
The lack of effective medications
-
Increased use of pasteurized milk
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Cystic Fibrosis is transmitted as a ____________.
Respuesta
-
X-link recessive gene
-
autosomal recessive gene
-
autosomal dominant gene
-
chromosomal defect
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Persistent thick mucus in the bronchioles of a child with cystic fibrosis may cause which of the following?
1. Air trapping
2. Atelectasis
3. Repeated infectious
4. Irreversible damage to tissue
Respuesta
-
1 and 2
-
2 and 4
-
1, 3, and 4
-
All of the above
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is typical of __________.
Respuesta
-
chronic bronchitits
-
acute asthma
-
emphysema
-
asbestosi
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?
Respuesta
-
Chronic irritation, inflammation, and infection of the larger airways
-
A genetic defect causing excessive production of mucus
-
Hypersensitivity to parasympathtic stimulation in the bronchi
-
Deficit of enzymes preventing tissue degeneration
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following would be significant signs of bronchiectasis?
Respuesta
-
Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue
-
Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough
-
Chronic cough producing large quantities of purulent sputum
-
Wheezing and Stridor
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which is the common source of a pulmonary embolus?
Respuesta
-
Mural thrombus from the left ventricle
-
Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries
-
Thrombus forming in the femoral veins
-
A blood clot in the pulmonary vein
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
When does flail chest occur?
Respuesta
-
An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes
-
The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib
-
Several ribs are fractured at two sites
-
Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Infant respiratory distress syndrome results form______.
Respuesta
-
insufficient surfactant production
-
incomplete expiration shortly after birth
-
retention of fluid in the lungs after birth
-
immature neural control of repirations
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Obstruction in the upper airway would be indicated by_______.
Respuesta
-
Stidor
-
Rales
-
Wheezing
-
Orthopnea
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