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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Social Stratification is a concept that refers to
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specialization in productive work
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ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
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the idea that some people are more talented than others
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All of these responses are correct.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Using the sociological perspective, we see that social stratification
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gives some people more privileges and opportunities than others
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places everyone on a level playing field
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ensures that hard work will lead people to become wealthy
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A caste system is defined as
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social stratification based on ascription, or birth.
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social stratification based on personal achievement
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a meritocracy
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
the concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification
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with no social mobility
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in which people "know their place"
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based entirely on personal merits
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as found in the United States
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The degree of status consistency is
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higher in caste than class systems
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the same in all types of social stratification
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higher in class than caste systems
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higher the more productive a society is
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The concept structural social mobility refers to
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cultural beliefs that justify social stratification
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change in social position due to people's own efforts
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change in the social position of many people due to changes in the society itself
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change in family's social position from one generation to the next
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Ideology, or cultural beliefs that support social stratification, is found in
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caste systems
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class systems
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both class and caste systems
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only U.S. society
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
According to the Davis-Moore thesis
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complete equality is functional for everyday society
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the more inequality a society has the more productive it is.
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more important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform them
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meritocracy is less productive than a caste system
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves
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class conflict
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negotiation and compromise leading to stability
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the abolition of work itself
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all of these responses are correct
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Weber claimed that agrarian societies gives special importance to which dimension of social equality?
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economic class
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social prestige or honor
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power
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control of information
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
the concept "conspicuous consumption" refers to
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buying things that are popular with the most people
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buying more than what you need for the moment
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the practice of buying things to make a statement about one's social position
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acting as if one had a lower social position than is really the case
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
If you follow the lead of Max Weber, you would think of social stratification in terms of
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a multidimensional status hierarchy
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two major social classes
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a middle-class society
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six different social classes
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Relative poverty
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is found everywhere
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is life threatening
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is not found in the United States
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All of the responses are correct
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The concept "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that, in the United States
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more and more women are becoming poor
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today's women have fewer legal rights
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women make up an increasing percentage of the poor
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fewer women work now for income
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
High-income nations
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are the forefront of the Information Revolution
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make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology
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contain almost all the world's financial markets
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All of these answers are correct
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Absolute Poverty is
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most common in large nations such as the United States
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the same as relative poverty
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life threatening
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found only in the poorest nations
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?
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Chattel slavery
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child slavery
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debt bondage
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servile forms of marriage
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers accountable by paying them to little to cover their debts?
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chattel slavery
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child slavery
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debt bondage
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servile forms of marriage
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which
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rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries
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some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others
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poor nations force an end to control by other nations
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companies operate in many countries at one time
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which
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countries gain new colonies to replace older ones
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countries rid themselves of former colonies
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multinational corporations exploit the economy of a poor country
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companies operate in many countries at one time
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Modernization theory claims that
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poor nations can never become rich in today's world
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the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology
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the main causes of poverty include multinational corporations
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most poor nations were richer in the past
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
According to Walt Rostow nations begin at the _______ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _______.
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drive to technological maturity; take -off
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traditional; high mass consumption
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high mass consumption; take-off
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take-off; drive to technological maturity
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by
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making poor nations responsible for their own fate
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supporting capitalism as a path to development
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explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries
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claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The modernization theory focuses on ________, dependency theory focuses_________
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poor nations; rich nations
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the future; the past
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production of wealth; distribution of wealth
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All of these responses are correct.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The concept of gender refers to
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the degree of inequality between men and women in a society
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the secondary sex characteristics of individuals
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the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
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patterns of sexual orientation
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
On average young men show greater _________ ability than young women; young women show greater _________ ability than young men.
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intellectual; sensory
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mathematical; verbal
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verbal; mathematical
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sensory; intellectual
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?
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patriarchy
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matriarchy
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monarchy
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oligarchy
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following factors has helped increase the share of women in the paid labor force over the course of the last century?
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the increase in the number of people working on farms
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a high divorce rate
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the increasing size of U.S. families
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the fact that working women earn more than working men
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to
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the barrier that prevents women from being promoted
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the fact that women's dreams are easily broken
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the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do
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the barrier that keeps women in service work
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that
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women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance
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beauty is in the eye of the beholder
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women prefer men who are physically attractive
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women today are as physically attractive as today's men are
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is a reason to see women as a minority in the United States?
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at every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do
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almost all women see themselves as a minority
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in the United States, men out number women
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all of the responses are correct
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Sexual harassment is an important social issue because
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it actually targets men more often than women
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half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention
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it almost always involves blatant threats
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all of these responses are correct
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages
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men to take control of the workplace
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growing gender equality
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women to have more children
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All of these responses are correct
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Feminists support all but one of the following. Which is the statement that feminists do not support?
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ending gender stratification
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ending sexual violence
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weakening the importance of gender in people's lives
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limiting sexual freedom
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Sociologists define the concept of "race" as
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people who fall into any minority category
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a person's skin color
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a cultural heritage shared by a category of people
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a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Why do sociologists consider the "scientific" racial types of Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negroid to be misleading and even harmful?
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Every society's population contains a lot of genetic mixture
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Various racial categories are genetically very much alike
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The skin color of Caucasian people ranges from very light to very dark
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All of these responses are correct
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following concepts refers to a shared cultural heritage?
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race
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minority
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ethnicity
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stereotype
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Race refers to ________ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to ________.
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cultural traits; biological traits
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biological traits; cultural traits
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differences; what we have in common
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what we have in common; differences
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following concepts refers to a category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially disadvantaged?
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minority
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ethnic category
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racial category
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out-group
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
You are expressing a "stereotype" if you
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make any generalization about anyone
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apply a simplified description to every person in some category
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hold an opinion about someone based on personal experience
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treat everybody in an unkind way
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Scapegoat theory state stat prejudice is created by
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cultural beliefs
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high levels of immigration
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frustration among disadvantaged people
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people with rigid personalities
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Conflict theory states that prejudice is
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a tool used by powerful people to oppress others
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built in to culture itself
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common among immigrants
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common among certain people with rigid personalities
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
While prejudice is a mater of ______, discrimination is a matter of _______.
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biology;culture
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attitude; action
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choice; social structure
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abnormality; what a society considers normal
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Assimilation refers to the process by which
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people become more tolerant of minorities
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minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture
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all minority categories become more equal in social standing
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people regain their lost cultural heritage
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What Gunnar Mydral called the "American dilemma" was
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the denial of basic rights to African Americans by a so-called "democratic society"
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the placing of Native Americans on reservations
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the restriction of immigration by a nation that was built by immigrants
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the refusal of many minorities to improve their social standing
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The family is a social institution that is found in
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most, but not all, societies
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about half of human societies in the world today
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high-income nations, but not in most low-income nations
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every society
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as
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people who live together
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people who engage in economic cooperation
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people living together who are linked by birth, marriage, or adoption
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people who consider themselves to be a family
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called
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a nuclear family
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an extended family
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a family of affinity
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a conjugal family
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between
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people of the same sex
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people of different social categories
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people of the same social category
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people related by birth
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The incest taboo
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exists only in industrial societies
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is found in all societies
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is found among all living species
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all of these responses are correct
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In the United States, romantic love
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is the reason most people expect to marry
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is not a very stable foundation for marriage
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may contribute to a high divorce rate
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All of these responses are correct
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