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Final prep 2

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test questions from tests 3 & 4
Kegen Sullivan
Test por Kegen Sullivan, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Kegen Sullivan
Creado por Kegen Sullivan hace casi 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The supporting cells in the central nervous system phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris are:
Respuesta
  • microglial
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • ependymal

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The supporting cells in the central nervous system that provide insulating layers of myelin around axons in the brain and spinal cord are:
Respuesta
  • microglial
  • oligodendocytes
  • astrocytes
  • ependymal

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The space between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron is called the __________, and a substance called ______________ is released.
Respuesta
  • dendrites, action potential
  • axon terminal, neurotransmitter
  • synaptic cleft, neurotransmitter
  • cell body, action potential

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
During depolarization ____________ channels open, _________ the membrane potential.
Respuesta
  • potassium, decreasing
  • potassium, increasing
  • sodium, increasing
  • sodium, decreasing

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
During repolarization, _________________ channels open, ___________________ the membrane potential.
Respuesta
  • potassium, decreasing
  • potassium, increasing
  • sodium, increasing
  • sodium, decreasing

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which of these statements about action potentials is FALSE?
Respuesta
  • It is an all-or-none response
  • a local current is produced that stimulates adjacent portions of the axon membrane (a wave)
  • normal resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV
  • these are all true

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Which of these fibers has the fastest nerve conduction?
Respuesta
  • a thick myelinated axon
  • a thick unmyelinated axon
  • a thin myelinated axon
  • a thing unmyelinated axon

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for skeletal muscle contraction?
Respuesta
  • histamine
  • GABA
  • acetylcholine
  • norepinephrine

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for pain perception?
Respuesta
  • nitric oxide
  • substance P
  • dopamine
  • acetylcholine

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Which type of nerve fibers conducts impulses to an effector organ?
Respuesta
  • efferent
  • afferent
  • interneurons

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Which of these is the innermost layer of meninges?
Respuesta
  • pia mater
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
This part of the neuron is the receptive region; receiving input:
Respuesta
  • axon
  • cell body
  • dendrites
  • axonal hillock

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
This part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions such as interpreting sensory impulses and initiating voluntary muscular movements:
Respuesta
  • reticular activating system
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebrum

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
This part of the brain regulates heart rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, water and electrolyte balance, control of hunger and body weight, among others:
Respuesta
  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • basal nuceli
  • medulla oblongata

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
This part of the brain contains centers to control vital visceral activities:
Respuesta
  • cerebellum
  • midbrain
  • medulla oblongata
  • cerebrum

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
This part of the brain is affected by anesthesia, resulting in unconsciousness:
Respuesta
  • reticular activating system
  • cerebrum
  • hypothalamus
  • limbic system

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
This part of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information concerning the position of body parts and for coordinating complex skeletal muscle movements:
Respuesta
  • thalamus
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • cerebellum

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The basal nuclei (basal ganglia) are responsible for:
Respuesta
  • sleep and wakefullness
  • facilitating voluntary movement
  • synthesizing cerebral spinal fluid
  • interpret impulses from sensory receptors

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains:
Respuesta
  • cell bodies of sensory neurons
  • cell bodies of motor neurons
  • axons from motor neurons
  • axons from sensory neurons

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:
Respuesta
  • cell bodies of a sensory neurons
  • cell bodies of motor neurons
  • axons from motor neurons
  • axons from sensory neurons

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Which plexus innervates the muscles of the legs?
Respuesta
  • cervical
  • brachial
  • lumbosacral

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT part of the sympathetic response?
Respuesta
  • increased heart rate
  • increased force of contraction of the heart
  • dilation of bronchioles in the lung
  • these are all correct

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT part of the parasympathetic response?
Respuesta
  • decreased heart rate
  • contraction of urinary bladder
  • increased intestinal wall activity
  • these are all correct

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
A short preganglionic fiber, a long postganglionic fiber, and the secretion of norepinephrine onto the effector organ are all characteristic of:
Respuesta
  • sympathetic fibers
  • parasympathetic fibers

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
A long preganglionic fiber, a short postganglionic fiber, and the release of acetylcholine are all characteristic of:
Respuesta
  • sympathetic fibers
  • parasympathetic fibers

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Which of these hormones acts by binding to receptor molecules on the target cell and activating a second messenger system?
Respuesta
  • testosterone
  • thyroid hormone
  • aldosterone
  • estrogen

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Which of these hormones is not released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Respuesta
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone
  • oxytocin
  • A and B

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Which hormone of the anterior pituitary causes cells to enlarge and divide more frequently?
Respuesta
  • prolactin
  • ACTH
  • growth hormone
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Which of these statements about the posterior pituitary is FALSE?
Respuesta
  • the posterior pituitary stores hormones made in the hypothalamus
  • the posterior pituitary responds to impulses from the hypothalamus to release hormones into the blood
  • ADH and oxytocin are the only hormones stored in the posterior pituitary
  • the posterior pituitary responds to releasing or inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) causes:
Respuesta
  • the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH
  • the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH
  • the anterior pituitary to secrete GH
  • the posterior pituitary to secrete ACTH

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
ADH acts on the _______________ to reabsorb water.
Respuesta
  • large intestine
  • bone
  • kidneys
  • livers

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Which hormone(s) does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Respuesta
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • cortisol
  • A and B

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
What is the function of aldosterone?
Respuesta
  • reabsorb water
  • increase blood calcium levels
  • increase blood glucose levels
  • reabsorb sodium and water

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT a function of cortisol?
Respuesta
  • increase blood levels of amino acids
  • increase utilization of fatty acids as an energy source
  • stimulation of liver to make glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis)
  • decrease blood glucose concentrations

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT a function of insulin?
Respuesta
  • promotes movement of glucose into certain cells
  • stimulates formation of glycogen from glucose
  • stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The pineal gland secretes:
Respuesta
  • progesterone
  • aldosterone
  • melatonin
  • glucagon

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT a response to stress?
Respuesta
  • The hypothalamus triggers sympathetic impulses to various organs
  • Epinephrine is released from sympathetic fibers
  • ACTH is released from the anterior pituitary
  • Cortisol is released
  • These are all correct

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Most of the formed elements in a blood sample are:
Respuesta
  • platelets
  • plasma
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
A deficiency in red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin results in a condition called:
Respuesta
  • leukopenia
  • anemia
  • jaundice
  • arrhythmia

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
You just landed in Colorado. You feel a little dizzy because of the higher altitude and lower pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. Which hormone will your kidneys release?
Respuesta
  • erythropoietin
  • colony-stimulating factors
  • ADH
  • Glucagon

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
This plasma protein isn't used as fuel, but it's used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma:
Respuesta
  • fibrinogen
  • albumin
  • gamma globulin
  • beta globulin

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT contained in plasma?
Respuesta
  • glucose
  • electrolytes
  • amino acids
  • These are all in plasma

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
You go to the doctor because you've been sick the past week. The doctor orders a differential white blood cell count. What does this test tell you?
Respuesta
  • the total number of white blood cells
  • the percentages of the various types of leukocytes in a blood sample
  • the percentage of red blood cells
  • the percentage of hemoglobin

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
A type B person receives type A blood, what happens?
Respuesta
  • nothing, that person will be fine
  • agglutination
  • fever
  • anemia

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
A type AB person can receive:
Respuesta
  • type A blood
  • type B blood
  • type O blood
  • all of the above

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
A type O person can receive:
Respuesta
  • type A blood
  • type B blood
  • type O blood
  • all of the above

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
An Rh- negative woman conceives an Rh- negative fetus, what happens?
Respuesta
  • nothing, the woman and fetus are fine since they do not have the Rh antigen
  • the woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells during the pregnancy
  • the woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells after the birth
  • the woman will need to receive an injection of RhoGAM

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The thick middle layer of the heart that consists of cardiac muscle tissue is the:
Respuesta
  • pericardium
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
Respuesta
  • tricuspid valve
  • bicuspid valve
  • pulmonary valve
  • aortic valve

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
The right ventricle ejects blood into the:
Respuesta
  • left atrium
  • pulmonary trunk
  • left ventricle
  • right atrium

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The left ventricle ejects blood into the:
Respuesta
  • left atrium
  • aorta
  • pulmonary trunk
  • right atrium

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Blood returning to the right atrium comes from:
Respuesta
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
  • all of the above

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
Systole refers to:
Respuesta
  • contraction
  • relaxation

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Diastole refers to:
Respuesta
  • contraction
  • relaxation

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
The pacemaker of the heart is the:
Respuesta
  • purkinje fibers
  • AV node
  • SA node
  • AV bundle

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Increased parasympathetic innervation of the heart results in:
Respuesta
  • increased heart rate
  • decreased heart rate

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Which of these statements about arteries is false?
Respuesta
  • arteries have an inner muscular layer than can constrict or dilate
  • arteries are capacitance vessels and can expand to hold a lot of blood
  • arteries are strong, elastic vessels
  • arteries consist of three distinct layers

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Which of these statements about veins is FALSE?
Respuesta
  • veins can distend to hold a lot of blood
  • veins contain valves to help blood return to the heart
  • veins contain three distinct layers
  • veins are much stronger than arteries

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
In which vessel does gas exchange occur?
Respuesta
  • aorta
  • venules
  • capillaries
  • arterioles

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Where is blood pressure the highest?
Respuesta
  • capillary beds
  • aorta
  • femoral artery
  • inferior vena cava

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
If heart rate increases, what happens to blood pressure?
Respuesta
  • it increases
  • it decreases
  • it stays the same

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute is called:
Respuesta
  • heart rate
  • cardiac output
  • peripheral resistance
  • stroke volume

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
If blood volume decreases, what happens to blood pressure?
Respuesta
  • it stays the same
  • it increases
  • it decreases

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
A person with high blood pressure would most likely be prescribed a(an):
Respuesta
  • insulin
  • antibiotic
  • diuretic
  • nothing

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
During exercise, which of the following occurs?
Respuesta
  • venous blood return increases due to the skeletal muscle pump in veins
  • stronger ventricular contraction due to the Frank-Starling law of the heart
  • increase in heart rate due to increased sympathetic activity
  • all of the above

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart make up the:
Respuesta
  • systemic circuit
  • pulmonary circuit

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Which of these structures is not part of the alimentary canal?
Respuesta
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • large intestine

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for lubricating the tube's outer surface so that organs within the abdominal cavity can slide freely against one another?
Respuesta
  • muscular
  • submucosa
  • mucosa
  • serosa

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Propelling movements in a wavelike motion is called:
Respuesta
  • peristalsis
  • mixing
  • segmentation
  • contraction

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Serous cells in salivary glands:
Respuesta
  • secrete mucus to act as a lubricant during swallowing
  • begin the digestion of fats and proteins
  • produce a watery fluid containing salivary amylase to split starch

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Parietal cells in the stomach release:
Respuesta
  • hydrochloric acid
  • intrinsic factor
  • digestive enzymes
  • A and B

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
What is the function of pepsin?
Respuesta
  • to digest fats
  • to digest proteins
  • to digest carbohydrates
  • to cause the secretion of bile

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Mucous cells in the stomach provide an _____________ layer to protect the stomach.
Respuesta
  • acidic
  • alkaline

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Which hormone is responsible for decreasing the secretory activity of gastric glands and inhibits gastric motility?
Respuesta
  • gastrin
  • cholecystokinin
  • secretin
  • leptin

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Which hormone causes the pancreas to secrete a fluid high in bicarbonate ion concentration?
Respuesta
  • gastrin
  • cholecystokinin
  • secretin
  • leptin

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?
Respuesta
  • leptin
  • secretin
  • cholecystokinin
  • gastrin

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to secrete fluid with high digestive enzyme concentration?
Respuesta
  • gastrin
  • chelocystokinin
  • secretin
  • leptin

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
How are gastric secretions regulated?
Respuesta
  • parasympathetic impulses that release ACh
  • the release of gastrin
  • the smell of food
  • all of the above

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Which of these substances is absorbed in the stomach?
Respuesta
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • alcohol
  • none of the above

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
_____________ cells synthesize bile, which is needed for __________________.
Respuesta
  • kidney, emulsification
  • hepatic, peristalsis
  • hepatic, emulsification
  • gallbladder, carbohydrate digestion

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Proteins and fats in the duodenum stimulate the release of the hormone ________________, which causes the contraction of the ______________.
Respuesta
  • gastrin, gallbladder
  • CCK, gallbladder
  • secretin, pancreas
  • gastrin, stomach

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Emulsification allows these enzymes to function properly:
Respuesta
  • lipases
  • amylases
  • nucleases
  • peptidases

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Respuesta
  • absorb digestive products
  • finishes digestion with enzymes embedded in microvilli
  • transports residues to the large intestine
  • all of the above

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Which of these sugars will be absorbed into a villus?
Respuesta
  • sucrose
  • maltose
  • glucose
  • lactose

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
These nutrients must enter lacteals before joining the general circulation:
Respuesta
  • sugars
  • proteins
  • fats
  • vitamins

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
The lipoprotein with the highest concentration of protein and lowest concentration of lipids, and removes cholesterol from tissues is:
Respuesta
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • HDL

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The lipoprotein that transports triglycerides synthesized from excess dietary carbohydrate is:
Respuesta
  • VLDL
  • LDL
  • HDL

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?
Respuesta
  • absorbs water and electrolytes
  • finish digesting fats
  • synthesize vitamins
  • store feces

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Proteins from food must be _____________ before they can be used as energy sources.
Respuesta
  • oxidized
  • reduced
  • deaminated
  • aminated

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Ketone bodies are a result of:
Respuesta
  • fat metabolism
  • protein metabolism
  • carbohydrate metabolism

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Which of these respiratory structures is involved in gas exchange?
Respuesta
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Inspiration occurs because:
Respuesta
  • intra-alveolar pressure increases
  • intra-alveolar pressure decreases
  • atmospheric pressure increases
  • atmospheric pressure decreases

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
Which muscles are used for inspiration?
Respuesta
  • external intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • diaphragm
  • A and C

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
Which muscles are used for passive expiration?
Respuesta
  • external intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • diaphragm
  • none of the above

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
The volume of air that enters or leaves a single respiratory cycle is the:
Respuesta
  • tidal volume
  • residual volume
  • total lung capacity
  • inspiratory capacity

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
Central chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in levels of:
Respuesta
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen
  • oxygen
  • hemoglobin

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in blood levels of:
Respuesta
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen
  • oxygen
  • hemoglobin

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
Most oxygen in the body is transported:
Respuesta
  • dissolved in plasma
  • bound to hemoglobin

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Most carbon dioxide in the body is transported:
Respuesta
  • dissolved in plasma
  • bound to hemoglobin
  • as bicarbonate ion

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Where does the following reaction occur? H+ + HCO3- ---> H2CO3 ----> CO2 + H2O
Respuesta
  • Plasma
  • lung capillaries
  • kidney capillaries
  • stomach capillaries

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
Choose the correct pathway of urine formation:
Respuesta
  • Glomerulus > PCT > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
  • PCT > glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
  • Glomerulus > PCT > Nephron Loop > Collecting Duct > Bladder
  • Nephron Loop > Glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Bladder

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
Respuesta
  • glomerulus
  • PCT
  • Nephron loop
  • DCT

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
Where does most reabsorption of substances occur in the nephron?
Respuesta
  • glomerulus
  • PCT
  • Nephron loop
  • DCT

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
Where does secretion occur in the nephron?
Respuesta
  • glomerulus
  • PCT
  • Nephron loop
  • DCT
  • both B and D

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
The _________________ regulates how concentrated urine will be.
Respuesta
  • glomerulus
  • PCT
  • DCT
  • collecting duct

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
A decrease in salt concentration will cause the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete the enzyme __________.
Respuesta
  • EPO
  • Renin
  • Aldosterone
  • ADH

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
Which of these is a result of angiotensin II?
Respuesta
  • vasoconstriction
  • aldosterone secretion
  • increased thirst
  • all of the above

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
Constricting the efferent arteriole causes:
Respuesta
  • an increase in the GFR
  • a decrease in the GFR
  • nothing changes to the GFR

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
Which of the following does NOT occur during micturition?
Respuesta
  • the internal sphincter must open
  • the external sphincter relaxes
  • the detrusor muscle contracts
  • the detrusor muscle relaxes

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
Which of these ions is found in greater concentration in the extracellular fluid?
Respuesta
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • chloride
  • B and C

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
An example of transcellular fluid is:
Respuesta
  • fluid in the cytosol of a cell
  • plasma
  • lymph
  • synovial fluid

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
Your blood is becoming too acidic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
Respuesta
  • hydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
  • hydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
  • rate and depth of breathing increases

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
Which of these is a second line of defense against a pH shift?
Respuesta
  • phosphate buffer system
  • protein buffer system
  • renal mechanism
  • bicarbonate buffer system

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
Which of these causes respiratory acidosis?
Respuesta
  • vomiting up contents from the small intestine
  • excessive ketone production from diabetes
  • diarrhea
  • trauma to respiratory center of the brainstem

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
Your blood is becoming too basic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
Respuesta
  • H2PO4- > H+ +HPO4-2
  • Hydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
  • Hydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
  • The rate and depth of breathing decreases

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
Which of these causes respiratory alkalosis?
Respuesta
  • vomiting up stomach contents
  • hyperventilating
  • ingestion of too many antacids
  • kidney failure
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