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Practice Set (4) - Image Production

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Diploma MR Test sobre Practice Set (4) - Image Production, creado por S L el 23/01/2016.
S L
Test por S L, actualizado hace más de 1 año
S L
Creado por S L hace casi 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The precessional frequency of hydrogen at 1.5 telsa is
Respuesta
  • 42.6MHz
  • 63.86MHz
  • 63.86KHz
  • 21.28KHz

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
More questions regarding precessional frequency at 1.0T
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Even more questions regarding precessional frequency at 0.5T
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
The coils used to alter the magnetic field during scanning are known as the
Respuesta
  • RF receive coils
  • RF transmit coils
  • Shim coils
  • Gradient coils

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The precessional frequency of hydrogen nuclei that experience increased magnetic field strength due to gradient coils
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
The precessional frequency of hydrogen nuclei that experience decreased magnetic field strength due to gradient coils
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
There are how many pairs of gradient coils in a standard MRl system
Respuesta
  • 1 pair
  • 2 pairs
  • 3 pairs
  • 4 pairs

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The Z gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Respuesta
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertial axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The Y gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Respuesta
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertical axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The X gradient alters the magnetic field strength along which axis
Respuesta
  • Horizontal axis
  • Vertical axis
  • Long axis
  • Short axis

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
The center of the magnet where the magnetic field strength remains unchanged even during the application of gradient magnetic fields is known as the
Respuesta
  • Pericenter
  • Isocenter
  • Monocenter
  • None of above

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
The three primary functions that gradients perform during MR scanning are
Respuesta
  • Slice selection, RF application, Frequency encoding
  • Phase encoding, Frequency encoding, RF application
  • Slice selection, Phase encoding, Frequency encoding
  • None of the above

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
During slice selection, the Z gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Respuesta
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
During slice selection, the X gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Respuesta
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
During slice selection, the Y gradient is used to select slices in which plane
Respuesta
  • Coronal
  • Axial
  • Saggital
  • None of the above

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
During the acquisition of sagittal images with the frequency direction S/I, phase encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
During the acquisition of coronal images with the frequency direction S/I, phase encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of above

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
During the acquisition of axial images of the brain with the frequency direction A/P, phase encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
During the acquisition of axial images of the body with the frequency direction L/R, phase encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
During the acquisition of sagittal images with the phase direction A/P, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
During the acquisition of coronal images with the phase direction L/R, frequency encoding is conducted by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
During the acquisition of axial images of the body with the phase direction A/P, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
During the acquisition of axial images of the brain with the phase direction L/R, frequency encoding is performed by which physical gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
In MR imaging, slice thickness is determined by which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Magnet field strength
  • Gradient slope slice select
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope slice select and Transmit bandwidth

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
In MRI, thin slices are achieved by applying a _______ gradient slope or a ______ bandwidth
Respuesta
  • Shallow, broad
  • Steep, narrow
  • Shallow, narrow
  • None of the above

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
In MRI, thick slices are achieved by applying a ________ gradient slope or a _______ bandwidth
Respuesta
  • Shallow, broad
  • Steep, narrow
  • Shallow, narrow
  • None of the above

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The range of frequencies that is sampled during frequency encoding is known as the
Respuesta
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope
  • None the above

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The range of frequencies that is transmitted by the RF pulse is known as the
Respuesta
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Gradient slope
  • None of the above

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
In MR imaging, the interslice gap is determined by which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Slice selection gradient slope
  • Slice thickness
  • External magnetic field strength
  • Slice selection gradient slope & Slice thickness

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
The gradient that is turned on during the application of the 90 degree excitation pulse and the 180 degree RF pulse is known as
Respuesta
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The gradient that is turned on during signal sampling is known as the
Respuesta
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The gradient that is turned on just before the 180 degree rephasing pulse is known as the
Respuesta
  • Slice selection gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
The amplitude ofthe phase and frequency encoding gradients determines the dimension of what parameter
Respuesta
  • FOV
  • TR
  • TE
  • NEX

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The frequency encoding gradient is also known as the _______ because it is turned on during the sampling of signal
Respuesta
  • Refocusing gradient
  • Spoiler gradient
  • Readout gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The theorem that states that a frequency must be sampled at least twice in order to reproduce it reliably is known as the
Respuesta
  • Pathagarum theorem
  • Nyquist theorem
  • Larmor theorem
  • Fourier theorem

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The rate at which signal samples are taken during frequency encoding is known as the
Respuesta
  • Readout rate
  • Frequency rate
  • Sampling rate
  • None of the above

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
During the sampling of signal, the sampling rate is directly proportional to the
Respuesta
  • Sampling time
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • None of the above

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
During the sampling of the signal, the sampling time is inversely proportional to
Respuesta
  • Sampling rate
  • Transmit bandwidth
  • Receive bandwidth
  • Sampling rate & Receive bandwidth

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
The spacial location of signal according to its precessional phase is known
Respuesta
  • Slice selection
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Readout

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
The spacial location of signal according to its precessional frequency is known as
Respuesta
  • Slice selection
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Spoiling

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The area within the array processor where spatially located information is stored is known as
Respuesta
  • Interspace
  • Array space
  • Fourier space
  • K space

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The magnitude of the phase shifts between two points within a patient is determined by which factor
Respuesta
  • Slope of the frequency encoding gradient
  • Slope of the phase encoding gradient
  • Strength of the RF pulse
  • None of the above

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
The process that uses mathematical conversions to calculate the amplitude of individual frequencies is known as
Respuesta
  • Fast Fourier Transformation
  • Free induction decay
  • Lamor equation
  • None of the above

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
The number of times each signal is sampled with the same value of the phase encoding gradient is known as
Respuesta
  • Number of signal averages
  • Number of excitations
  • Number of signal quotients
  • All of the above

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The higher the number of excitations that are acquired the more K space that is filled
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
In conventional spin echo sequences, how many phase encoding steps must be selected to fill 128 lines of K space
Respuesta
  • 64
  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
In conventional spin echo sequences, how many phase encoding steps must be selected to fill 256 lines of K space
Respuesta
  • 64
  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Which parameter(s) effect total scan time
Respuesta
  • Repetition time
  • Number of phase encoding steps
  • Number of excitations
  • All of the above

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
During a conventional spin echo pulse sequence, each slice is selected, phase encoded, and frequency encoded once per TR
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
The horizontal axis of K space represents which axis of the image (with corrected answer)
Respuesta
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Slice selection
  • None of the above

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The vertical axis of K space represents which axis of the image (with corrected answer)
Respuesta
  • Phase encoding
  • Frequency encoding
  • Slice selection
  • None of the above

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
The area of K space filled with the shallowest phase encoding slopes is known as
Respuesta
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Negative lines only
  • None of the above

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The area of K space that is filled with the steepest phase encoding gradient slopes is known as
Respuesta
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Image data along both the phase and frequency axis with the highest signal amplitude is stored in which area of K space
Respuesta
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Image data along both the phase and frequency axis with the lowest signal amplitude is stored in which area of the K space
Respuesta
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Positive lines only
  • None of the above

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, steep slopes produce what type of signal amplitude
Respuesta
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, shallow slopes produce what type of signal amplitude
Respuesta
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, medium slopes produce what type of signal amplitudes
Respuesta
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
When the amplitude of the phase encoding gradient increases, the amount of phase shift along the gradient
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same
  • None of the above

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
When the phase encoding gradient is activated, steep slopes produce data with what type of spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • High
  • Low
  • Medium
  • None of the above

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Image data with high spatial resolution is stored in which area of K space
Respuesta
  • Outer lines
  • Central lines
  • Negative lines only
  • Positive lines only

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Image data with low spatial resolution is stored in which area of K space
Respuesta
  • Outer lines
  • Central lines
  • Negative lines only
  • Positive lines only

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
The process of filling K space by sampling only half of the echo and interpolating the rest is known as
Respuesta
  • Fractional echo
  • Gradient echo
  • Partial echo
  • Fractional echo & Partial echo

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
The process of filling only a percentage of K space with acquired data and filling the rest with zeros is known as
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation
  • Partial averaging
  • Partial voluming
  • Partial echo

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Which method of image acquisition acquires all of the data from one slice before acquiring data from the next slice
Respuesta
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric
  • None of the above

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Which method of image acquisition fills one line of K space for each slice in the sequence before it moves to the second line of K space
Respuesta
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric
  • None of the above

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Which method ofimage acquisition acquires data from an entire volume of tissue, then uses a method called slice encoding to separate the images
Respuesta
  • Sequential
  • 2D volumetric
  • 3D volumetric

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The thickness of an MRI image can be changed by which of the following methods
Respuesta
  • Altering the gradient slope
  • Changing the number of excitations
  • Altering the RF bandwidth
  • Altering the gradient slope & Altering the RF bandwidth

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
The term used to describe a volume element is known as
Respuesta
  • Pixel
  • Pixie
  • Voxel
  • Picture element

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
The number of picture elements used to make up an image is known as
Respuesta
  • Contrast
  • Matrix
  • Signal to noise
  • None of the above

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
The ability to distinguish one structure from another on an image is known as
Respuesta
  • Spatial resolution
  • Contrast to noise
  • Signal to noise
  • None of the above

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
The term used to describe a picture element is known as a
Respuesta
  • Image element
  • Pixel
  • Voxel
  • Volume element

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
The size of the area being displayed on an MR image is known as
Respuesta
  • Field of view
  • Voxel size
  • Pixel size
  • None of the above

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The depth of a volume element is determined by what parameter
Respuesta
  • Matrix
  • NEX
  • Repetition time
  • Slice thickness

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The height and width of a picture element is determined by what parameter(s)
Respuesta
  • Size of the FOV
  • Number of phase encoding steps
  • Number of frequency encoding steps
  • All of the above

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
A volume element that has the same height, width, and depth is known as
Respuesta
  • Rectangular
  • Isotropic
  • Triangular
  • Anisotropic

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
A voxel that is unequal in height, width, and depth is known as
Respuesta
  • Isotropic
  • Triangular
  • Squared
  • Anisotropic

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Three characteristics commonly used to define the quality of an MRl image are
Respuesta
  • Contrast, Resolution, Matrix
  • Resolution, Contrast, Signal to Noise
  • Signal to Noise, Excitations, Contrast
  • Resolution, Matrix, Signal to Noise

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
The difference in brightness between two regions of an image is known
Respuesta
  • Signal to noise
  • Image contrast
  • Spatial resolution
  • None of the above

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Bright pixels on an MRI image represent what type of signal
Respuesta
  • Low
  • High
  • Weak
  • None of the above

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
The clarity with which different areas of an image are distinguished is known as
Respuesta
  • Image contrast
  • Signal to noise
  • Spatial resolution
  • None of the above

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
The proportion of signal actually used to construct an image relative to the amount of background noise is known as
Respuesta
  • Spatial resolution
  • Signal to noise ratio
  • Image contrast
  • None of the above

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
An image with a grainy appearance usually represents an image with
Respuesta
  • High resolution
  • Low signal to noise
  • High signal to noise
  • Low resolution

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Noise that degrades image quality in a specific location within an MRI image is known as
Respuesta
  • Inherent noise interference
  • Random noise interference
  • Discrete noise interference
  • None of the above

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Noise that generally degrades overall quality of an MRI image is known
Respuesta
  • Inherent noise interference
  • Random noise interference
  • Discrete noise interference
  • None of the above

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Which of the following is a parameter that directly affects signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Voxel size
  • Number of excitations
  • Repetition time
  • All of the above

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The term "Trade-off parameters" is used to describe parameters that affect each other inversely
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
When magnetic field strength increases, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
When voxel size decreases, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
When pixel size increases, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
When bandwidth is increased, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
When repetition time is increased, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
When echo time is increased, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
When field of view decreases, spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
When field of view is increased, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
When the number of excitations is increased, spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
When image matrix is increased, spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
When slice thickness is increased, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
When slice spacing increases, signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
When image matrix is decreased, spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
When TE is decreased, the spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
When TR is increased, acquisition time
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
When the number of excitations is decreased, acquisition time
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
When image matrix increases, acquisition time
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Long TR/Short TE/High matrix
  • Short TR/Long TE/Low matrix
  • Long TR/Long TE/High matrix
  • Long TR/Short TE/Low matrix

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest spatial resolution
Respuesta
  • Thick slice/Large FOV/High matrix
  • Thin slice/Large FOV/High matrix
  • Thin slice/Small FOV/Low matrix
  • Thin slice/Small FOV/High matrix

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
With the parameters given, which protocol has the longest acquisition time
Respuesta
  • Long TR/Low NEX/Low matrix
  • Short TR/High NEX/Low matrix
  • Short TR/Low NEX/High matrix
  • Long TR/High NEX/High matrix

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
With the parameters given, which protocol gives the highest signal to noise ratio
Respuesta
  • Thick slice/Low TE/Large FOV
  • Thin slice/High TE/Small FOV
  • Thick slicelHigh TE/Small FOV
  • Thin slice/Low TE/Small FOV

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
As bandwidth increases, sampling time
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
As bandwidth decreases, sampling time
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the frequency encoding gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the phase encoding gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
Which of the following 'logical' gradients is known as the slice selection gradient
Respuesta
  • X gradient
  • Y gradient
  • Z gradient

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
In plane pixel size can be determined by which of the following methods
Respuesta
  • Dividing the FOY by the number phase and frequency steps
  • Dividing the NEX by the FOV
  • Dividing the TR by the NEX
  • Dividing the TR by the slice thickness

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
Which of the following is the formula for determining scan time for a 3D FT pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • TR x NEX x phase steps x number of slices
  • TR x NEX x phase steps
  • NEX x TR x number of slices
  • TR x phase steps x number of slices
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