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Practice Set (5) - Pulse Sequences

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Diploma Magnetic Resonance Test sobre Practice Set (5) - Pulse Sequences, creado por Thea Ampofo el 25/01/2016.
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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The type of pulse sequence that uses only 90 degree RF pulses is known as (**answer pending correction)
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation pulse sequence
  • Gradient echo pulse sequence
  • Saturation recovery pulse sequence
  • Partial saturation pulse sequence & Gradient echo pulse sequence

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
A spin echo pulse sequence is characterized by which of the following
Respuesta
  • A 180 degree excitation pulse followed by a 90 degree rephasing pulse
  • A 90 degree excitation pulse followed by a 180 degree rephasing pulse
  • A 90 degree excitation pulse followed by a 90 degree rephasing pulse
  • None of the above

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Which of the following is the pulse sequence that is used most commonly?
Respuesta
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient echo
  • Spin echo
  • Echo planar

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Which of the following is an advantage of using a spin echo pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • High signal to noise ratio
  • Decreased resolution
  • Long scan times
  • None of the above

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
In conventional spin echo pulse sequences, how many phase encoding steps are achieved per TR
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 128
  • 192
  • 256

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
In conventional spin echo pulse sequences, how many lines of K space are filled per TR
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The spin echo pulse sequence that performs more than one phase encoding step per TR is known as
Respuesta
  • Conventional spin echo
  • Fast spin echo
  • RARE
  • Fast spin echo & RARE

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The pulse sequence that performs a series of 180 degree rephasing pulses and echos is known as
Respuesta
  • Echo planar
  • Inversion recovery
  • Fast spin echo
  • Conventional spin echo

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The series of 180 degree rephasing pulses in a fast spin echo pulse sequence is known as
Respuesta
  • Echo train
  • Inversion train
  • Echo plane
  • None of the above

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The number of 180 degree rephasing pulses performed in a fast spin echo pulse sequence is known as its
Respuesta
  • Turbo factor
  • Inversion factor
  • Echo train length
  • Turbo factor & Echo train length

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
In a RARE pulse sequence, the multiple number of echo times that create image weighting are averaged together to produce what is known as the
Respuesta
  • Effective TR
  • Effective TI
  • Effective TE
  • None of the above

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Which of the following is an advantage of a fast spin echo pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • Reduced scan times
  • Improved quality
  • Increased T2 weighting
  • All of the above

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Which of the following is a disadvantage of fast spin echo pulse sequences
Respuesta
  • Increased effects of flow motion
  • Bright fat on T2 weighted images
  • Increased resolution
  • Increased effects of flow motion & Bright fat on T2 weighted images

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
The type of spin echo pulse sequence that begins with a 180 degree inversion RF pulse and is followed by a 90 degree excitation pulse is known as
Respuesta
  • Echo planar
  • Gradient echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient reversal

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
During an inversion recovery pulse sequence, the time between the 180 degree inversion pulse and the 90 degree excitation pulse is known as
Respuesta
  • Echo time
  • Repetition time
  • Inversion time
  • Reversion time

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The inversion recovery pulse sequence that is used to suppress fat in a Tl weighted linage is known as
Respuesta
  • FLAIR
  • STIR
  • SSFP
  • FLASH

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The inversion recovery pulse sequence that is used to suppress CSF in proton density and T2 weighted linages is known as
Respuesta
  • FLAIR
  • STIR
  • SSFP
  • FISP

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The type of pulse sequence that uses a gradient instead of a 180 degree RF pulse to rephase dephasing nuclei is known as
Respuesta
  • Spin echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Fast spin echo
  • Gradient echo

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, which gradient is used to dephase and rephase nuclei
Respuesta
  • Slice select gradient
  • Phase encoding gradient
  • Frequency encoding gradient
  • None of the above

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, which parameter directly affects linage weighting?
Respuesta
  • NEX
  • Field of view
  • Flip angle
  • Matrix

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The condition that occurs in a gradient echo pulse sequence when the TR is shorter than the T1 and T2 relaxation times of tissue is known as
Respuesta
  • Chemical shift
  • Steady state
  • Frequency shift
  • Phase shift

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, transverse magnetization that is leftover from a previous excitation pulse is known as
Respuesta
  • Residual transverse magnetization
  • Magnetization transfer
  • Chemical misregistration
  • None of the above

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Gradient echo pulse sequences that preserve left over transverse magnetization are said to be
Respuesta
  • Incoherent
  • Coherent
  • Consistent
  • Inconsistent

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Gradient echo pulse sequences that eliminate leftover transverse magnetization are said to be
Respuesta
  • Incoherent
  • Coherent
  • Consistent
  • Inconsistent

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the process of reversing the slope of the phase encoding gradient after readout to preserve residual transverse magnetization is known as
Respuesta
  • Warping
  • Spoiling
  • Rewinding
  • None of the above

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the process of eliminating residual transverse magnetization is known as
Respuesta
  • Warping
  • Spoiling
  • Rewinding
  • None of the above

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Which of the following is a method of eliminating residual transverse magnetization
Respuesta
  • Digital RF spoiling
  • Gradient rewinding
  • Gradient spoiling
  • Digital RF spoiling & Gradient spoiling

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the use of an RF pulse to eliminate residual transverse magnetization is known as
Respuesta
  • Digital RF spoiling
  • Frequency spoiling
  • Gradient spoiling
  • None of the above

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, the use of a gradient to eliminate residual transverse magnetization is known as
Respuesta
  • Digital RF spoiling
  • Frequency spoiling
  • Gradient spoiling
  • None of the above

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Gradient echo pulse sequences that have incoherent residual transverse magnetization are primarily used to create what type of image weighting
Respuesta
  • Tl weighting
  • T2 weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • Tl weighting & Proton density weighting

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Gradient echo pulse sequences that have coherent residual transverse magnetization produce what type of image weighting
Respuesta
  • T1 weighting
  • T2* weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • T1 weighting & Proton density weighting

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Which of the following is an advantage of gradient echo pulse sequences
Respuesta
  • Decreased scan time
  • Increased sensitivity to flow
  • Volume acquisitions possible
  • All of the above

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a gradient echo pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • Decreased signal to noise ratio
  • Increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility artifacts
  • Increased gradient noise
  • All of the above

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The gradient echo pulse sequence that produces true T2 image weighting is known as
Respuesta
  • SSFP
  • T2 FFE
  • PSIF
  • All of the above

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The gradient echo pulse sequence that is characterized by an echo time that is longer than its repetition time is known as
Respuesta
  • Echo planar
  • Steady state free precession
  • Spin echo
  • Fast spin echo

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The type of pulse sequence that fills all lines of K space per TR is known as
Respuesta
  • Fast spin echo
  • Steady state free precession
  • Echo planar
  • Spin echo

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
In an echo planar pulse sequence, using a long TE produces what type of weighting
Respuesta
  • Tl weighting
  • T2 weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • None of the above

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
In an echo planar pulse sequence, pre-inverting tissue with a 180 degree RF pulse before excitation produces what type of image weighting
Respuesta
  • Tl weighting
  • T2 weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • None of the above

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
In an echo planar pulse sequence, proton density weighting can be produced by which of the following techniques
Respuesta
  • Applying a 180 degree RF pulse to pre-invert tissue before excitation
  • Using a short TE
  • Using a long TE
  • Using a 180 degree rephasing pulse

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Figure 5-1 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Image:
24c2b202-ad83-4545-b53d-a908608bb8aa (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation
  • Spin echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient echo

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Figure 5-2 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Image:
9baaff4f-bd58-4dce-a160-cbe015696876 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation
  • Spin echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient echo

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Figure 5-3 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Image:
dba9da00-3700-4a1a-9326-1b12f2b712ba (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation
  • Spin echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient echo

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Figure 5-4 is a diagram showing what type of pulse sequence
Image:
acad9ab8-b202-4529-abb6-90232cb4cc14 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Partial saturation
  • Spin echo
  • Inversion recovery
  • Gradient Echo

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Which of the following methods can reduce blurring in a fast spin echo pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • Reduce echo train length
  • Reduce resolution
  • Reduce TR
  • Reduce effective TE

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
During a fast spin echo pulse sequence, which lines of k space are filled by the gradients performed closest to the effective TE
Respuesta
  • Central lines
  • Outer lines
  • Negative lines only
  • Positive lines only
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