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Animal Biology Practice Exam 1

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Practice Exam for Animal Biology Exam 1: Animal Characteristics, Phylogenetics, Animal Ecology, and Animal Development and Architecture
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Ecology is the study of interactions and relationships of organisms with surrounding biotic and abiotic components.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The levels of ecology from smallest to largest are: [blank_start]Individual[blank_end] < [blank_start]Population[blank_end] < [blank_start]Community[blank_end] < [blank_start]Ecosystem[blank_end] < [blank_start]Biosphere[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Individual
  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Biosphere

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What is the most important abiotic parameter defining species distribution?
Respuesta
  • Temperature
  • Habitat
  • Ecological roles
  • Oxygen levels

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What is the ecological "space" a species fills?
Respuesta
  • Niche
  • Population
  • Community
  • Abiotic parameter
  • Biotic parameter

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Select all the phyla that belong in the animal kingdom:
Respuesta
  • Porifera
  • Cnidaria
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Nematoda
  • Mollusca
  • Annelida
  • Arthropoda
  • Echinodermata
  • Chordata
  • Pteridophyta

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
A [blank_start]diploblast[blank_end] has two germ layers and a [blank_start]triploblast[blank_end] has three germ layers.
Respuesta
  • diploblast
  • triploblast
  • triploblast
  • diploblast

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
A deuterostome is [blank_start]anus[blank_end] first and a protostome is [blank_start]mouth[blank_end] first.
Respuesta
  • anus
  • mouth
  • mouth
  • anus

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
A unique characteristic of animals is that all were developed from a [blank_start]blastula[blank_end], a hollow ball of embryonic cells.
Respuesta
  • blastula

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
A unique characteristic of animals is that all have cell adhesion molecules: including [blank_start]fibronectin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cadherins[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • fibronectin
  • cadherins

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
A unique characteristic of animals is all have cell junctions including [blank_start]tight junctions[blank_end], [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end], and [blank_start]gap junctions[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • tight junctions
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
A unique characteristic of animals is all have an extracellular matrix containing [blank_start]collagen[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • collagen

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Label the graphic in terms of fundamental niche and realized niche.
Image:
1f12e19e-a661-4e0d-9480-3ec329d636b6 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • Realized niche
  • Fundamental niche

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
A [blank_start]fundamental[blank_end] niche includes all acceptable conditions which a species can occupy while a [blank_start]realized[blank_end] niche is a subset of suitable conditions that a species occupies.
Respuesta
  • fundamental
  • realized
  • realized
  • fundamental

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Pair the animals to their correct type in the survivorship curve.
Image:
5a7b4b37-6325-4218-8357-af24c2eb79b1 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Human
  • Mackerel
  • American Robin
  • Human
  • American Robin
  • Mackerel
  • Human
  • American Robin
  • Mackerel

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What survivorship curve would you expect for sea turtle populations?
Respuesta
  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Growth is limited by resources.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What is the term for a resource in short supply?
Respuesta
  • Limited resource
  • Limited factor
  • Carrying capacity
  • Niche

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What is the term for the largest population that an environment can support?
Respuesta
  • Carry capacity
  • Complete niche
  • Maximum capacity
  • Exponential growth

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
At carrying capacity, birth rates are [blank_start]equal to[blank_end] death rates.
Respuesta
  • equal to
  • greater than
  • less than

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Populations [blank_start]fluctuate[blank_end] around carrying capacity.
Respuesta
  • fluctuate
  • flourish
  • diminish

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
A density-independent effect impact is proportional to number of individuals in an area.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Select all the CORRECT statements about competition:
Respuesta
  • Competition reduces the fitness of BOTH parties.
  • Competition occurs when resources are limited.
  • Competition can be intraspecific or interspecific.
  • Competition is a density-independent effect.

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Populations of predator and prey tend to oscillate when a predator relies on a single prey species
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
What does this image depict?
Image:
d1b3f3c5-f391-4a62-9ba3-f1239b7688d1 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • Resource partitioning
  • Limited resources
  • Realized niches
  • Interspecies competition

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
[blank_start]Cell fate[blank_end] is determined by a series of "decisions" made in early development that become the programmed identity of cells with a point of no return.
Respuesta
  • Cell fate

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
[blank_start]Cleavage[blank_end] is the first cell divisions where zygotic contents partition among smaller cells.
Respuesta
  • Cleavage

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
[blank_start]Gastrulation[blank_end] is the formation of gut and other germ layer(s) in addition to ectoderm.
Respuesta
  • Gastrulation

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
[blank_start]Morphogenesis[blank_end] is the development of organismal form and/or shape.
Respuesta
  • Morphogenesis

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
A zygote subdivides into smaller cells called [blank_start]blastomeres[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • blastomeres

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Cell fates are closely linked to germ layers.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Name the type of cleavage shown:
Image:
9af18cd3-9de5-4112-9bdf-462ca7c96593 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • Meroblastic
  • Holoblastic

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Name the type of cleavage shown:
Image:
f533d5d8-8ae3-44d0-b4a5-7fe85fdea811 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • Meroblastic
  • Holoblastic

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Gradients of morphogens can be established in what ways?
Respuesta
  • Unequal distribution in the zygote.
  • Production of morphogens from specific cells.
  • Inheriting of morphogens from parent cell.
  • Equal distribution in the zygote.

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Early development requires two processes:
Respuesta
  • Pattern formation
  • Differentiation
  • Development of mitochondria
  • Mitosis

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Which statement best describes competitive relationship:
Respuesta
  • Two species of birds that live harmoneously in the same oak tree.
  • A north Georgia bobcat and a cougar population that both prey on cottontail rabbits.
  • A nematode that infects a white-footed mouse by tropic transmission.
  • A barnacle that resides on the underbelly of a whale shark.

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Which statement best describes a parasitic relationship:
Respuesta
  • A white-footed mouse infected by a nematode through tropic transmission.
  • Two species of birds that reside in the same oak tree.
  • A Central American squirrel monkey that eats bananas and ants and a Geoffroy's spider monkey that eats starfruit and flies in the same Costa Rican rainforest region.
  • Two species of tropical fish that live in different locations in the same coral reef.

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Which is an example of an amensalism relationship:
Respuesta
  • A black walnut tree secreting the chemical, juglone, killing all it's neighboring plants.
  • Two species of birds harmoniously living at different level branches in the same oak tree.
  • Two species of lizards eating the same type of fly in a local coastal marsh.
  • A swamp rabbit and a marsh rabbit inhabiting different regions in Georgia.

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Select the example of mutualistic relationship:
Respuesta
  • Two species of birds harmoniously living on different branch levels of the same oak tree.
  • A population of Northwestern salmon with more males than females during breeding season.
  • The bread mold Penicillium secreting penicillin to that chemical kills bacteria.
  • A nematode that infects the white-footed mouse by trophic transmission.

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Select the example of a commensalistic relationship:
Respuesta
  • A clownfish that live amid the tentacles of the anemones which protects them from predators.
  • Two species of birds that live harmoniously on different level branches of the same oak tree.
  • A nematode that infects the white-footed mouse via trophic transmission.
  • A marsh rabbit and a swamp rabbit that migrated to different wetland regions in Georgia.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Theories exist that explain the method in which multicellularity arose in animals. Which theory has the most evidentiary support in the scientific community?
Respuesta
  • Symbiotic relationship between protist species.
  • Ancestral colonial protist
  • Cellularization: multinucleate protist ancestor evolves membranes around nuclei.
  • All have equal support in the scientific community.

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
According to this phylogenetic tree, annelids are most closely related to _____.
Image:
db1b650a-64c0-49a9-9273-f85b7e64b4f1 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • arthropods
  • molluscs
  • nematodes
  • cnidarians
  • platyhelminths

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
According to this phylogenetic tree, the clade that includes echinoderms and chordates is most closely related to the clade that includes _____.
Image:
55bdc360-c1b7-4b16-985a-611f88aff663 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • molluscs
  • poriferans
  • nematodes
  • cnidarians
  • platyhelminths

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
According to this phylogenetic tree, cnidarians are most closely related to _____.
Image:
d3531585-31de-45b4-9c67-26068b539ad6 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • nematodes
  • annelids
  • molluscs
  • echinoderms
  • platyhelminths

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
According to this phylogenetic tree, chordates are most closely related to _____.
Image:
9004f7d9-af66-41b5-b6d2-36f7e4317dda (image/png)
Respuesta
  • arthropods
  • molluscs
  • pariferans
  • echinoderms
  • cnidarians

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
This phylogenetic tree indicates that mammals are most closely related to _____.
Image:
e4bbef13-e3e4-4c35-8461-dab9ee4a963c (image/png)
Respuesta
  • sharks, rays, and chimaeras
  • ray-finned fishes
  • tunicates
  • reptiles
  • amphibians

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
According to this phylogenetic tree, the animals most closely related to reptiles and mammals are _____.
Image:
2bff546d-cc0e-4d9c-aa60-0a9b8836e485 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • sharks, rays, and chimaeras
  • amphibians
  • lampreys
  • ray-finned fishes
  • lancelets

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
The group in the red box is
Image:
69480347-1894-4320-a4f9-802013619257 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • monophyletic
  • polyphyletic
  • paraphyletic

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The group in the red box is
Image:
ff91fc75-83d9-4db0-8bee-b4ba5bc817d5 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • monophyletic
  • polyphyletic
  • paraphyletic

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The group in the red box is
Image:
acf85cdd-5d82-43eb-9cd9-b25ee694a89b (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • monophyletic
  • paraphyletic
  • polyphyletic

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Accurate taxonomy is based on
Respuesta
  • monophyly
  • paraphyly
  • polyphyly
  • a combination of monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly.

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Select all the scenarios that are considered density-independant:
Respuesta
  • A coastal region experiencing a flood from heavy spring rains
  • A costa rican population of spider monkeys experiencing a food shortage for the first time in a decade
  • A wildfire that is destroyed 100 acres of Redwood forest in California.
  • A population of gray squirrels experiencing an increase in predation by the red fox population.
  • A local farm introducing a new pesticide to corn that targets the short-horned grasshopper.
  • A town in New Hampshire whose landfills will be at max capacity in less than one year.
  • A population of coyotes that is experiencing an increased occurrence of mange.
  • Several countries in South America lost 10% of their population due to experiencing a 8.5 magnitude earthquake.

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Select all the scenarios that are density-dependent:
Respuesta
  • A category 5 hurricane caused an atlantic coastal town to lose 10% of their population.
  • A wildfire swept through 10 western US farming counties and killed thousands of acres of crops.
  • A population of gray squirrels is experiencing a shortage of food for the first time in a decade.
  • A population of cottontail rabbits is experiencing an increase in predation by a population of red fox.
  • A town in Vermont is experiencing an influx and overflow in their local sewer system.
  • A population of white-tailed deer is experiencing an influx in lyme disease.
  • A population of Northwestern African cheetah has in influx in male cheetahs to female cheetahs during mating season, causing the males to compete for mates.
  • A local farm is introducing a new pesticide to their corn to target the short-horned grasshopper.
  • A 8.5 magnitude earthquake destroyed the water supply and killed 500 people across 3 South American countries.

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
What states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist?
Respuesta
  • The Principle of Competitive Exclusion
  • The Theory of Multicellularity
  • The Principle of Resource Partitioning
  • The Theory of Evolution

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
All of the following factors led to exponential human population growth about a thousand years ago EXCEPT:
Respuesta
  • Reduction in disease
  • Reduction in human waste
  • increase in food supply
  • colder climate
  • expansion of habitat

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
All cells in the human body are genomically equal except for sex cells.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
This image depicts a morphogen gradient that is equally distributed.
Image:
e23a09e5-4aba-4c75-aa1a-f3f31102f4c9 (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
In conditional specification, cells secrete [blank_start]morphogens[blank_end] to influence nearby cells to differentiate.
Respuesta
  • morphogens
  • gradients
  • genes
  • mesoderm
  • cytoplasm

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Select all the correct statements about mosaic cleavage:
Respuesta
  • patterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
  • heavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg.
  • protostomes
  • deuterstomes
  • cell fate is fixed after first division
  • cell fate is NOT fixed after first division
  • cells "regulate" development of nearby undifferentiated cells by producing morphogens
  • patterns arise from induction

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Select all the correct statements about regulative cleavage:
Respuesta
  • patterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
  • cell fate fixed after first division
  • heavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg
  • protostomes
  • deuterstomes
  • cell fate is NOT fixed after first division
  • cells "regulate" development of nearby cells by producing morphogens
  • patterns arise from induction

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
[blank_start]Cytoplasmic specification[blank_end] is when blastomeres inherit different amounts of various morphogens during initial stages of zygote division.
Respuesta
  • Cytoplasmic specification
  • Induction

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
[blank_start]Induction[blank_end] is when morphogen concentrations drop as distance from source cells increases.
Respuesta
  • Induction
  • Cytoplasmic specification

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
[blank_start]Pattern formation[blank_end] is where body regions and cell types will be formed.
Respuesta
  • Pattern formation
  • Differentiation

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
[blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] is what type of cell will develop.
Respuesta
  • Differentiation
  • Pattern formation

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Gradients of morphogens identify major axes. The primary development axes are:
Respuesta
  • Anterior-posterior
  • Dorsal-ventral
  • Superficial-Deep
  • Distal-Medial

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Primary morphogen gradients set up gradients in other morphogens.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Hox genes...
Respuesta
  • code for morphogens that define specific regions in the body.
  • contain a short sequence that codes for a homeobox domain.
  • are homeobox domains.
  • are morphogens.
  • are highly conserved genes.
  • are arranged in gene clusters.
  • are arranged in a radial formation.
  • explain consistency of early development among diverse animal phyla
  • explain the inconsistencies of development between animal phyla and plant phyla

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
The order of Hox genes represents where the gene will be expressed along an animal's [blank_start]anterior-posterior[blank_end] axis.
Respuesta
  • anterior-posterior
  • dorsal-ventral
  • superficial-deep
  • distal-medial

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Mutation in [blank_start]Hox genes[blank_end] may explain major morphological changes in evolution.
Respuesta
  • Hox genes
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