Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8

Question

Which one of these is true about sensory information?

Answer 1

It is the process by which the brain makes interpretations about a stimulus.

Answer 2

It is a process that can be tested by using a nerve conduction study.

Answer 3

It is the process by which the stimulus is sent to the appropriate cortical region.

Answer 4

It is the process by which intensity of responsiveness to stimulus is regulated by the body.

Answer 5

Can be tested by a nerve conduction study.

Answer 6

It is the process by which stimulus gets sent to appropriate cortical region.

Answer 7

It is the process by which we make meaningful explanations about stimulus.

Answer 8

It is the ability to distinguish between different sensation modalities.

Answer 9

is performed by integration of association areas in the brain.

Answer 10

is a process very similar to sensory discrimination in occupational therapy.

Answer 11

all of these are true

Answer 12

none of these are true

Answer 13

A-alpha fibers transmit diffuse pain signals, like chronic pain.

Answer 14

A-beta fibers have the largest diameter and are the most myelinated, they carry mechanosensation.

Answer 15

A-delta fibers are less myelinated than a-beta and have a smaller diameter size, the carry acute pain information.

Answer 16

C-fibers carry proprioception information and are the smallest diameter and are not myelinated.

Answer 17

C-fiber and a-delta fibers both carry pain, temperature and itch sensation.

Answer 18

are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors

Answer 19

send information via A-delta axons

Answer 20

are sensitive to deep touch

Answer 21

are sensitive to superficial pressure

Answer 22

are sensitive to stretch

Answer 23

are tonic receptors

Answer 24

hair follicle receptor

Answer 25

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 26

ruffini endings

Answer 27

free nerve endings

Answer 28

send signals via a-beta axon and are sensitive to deep vibration

Answer 29

are subcutaneous mechanoreceptors

Answer 30

have the same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscles

Answer 31

have large receptive fields

Answer 32

are sensitive to sustained touch

Answer 33

have the same adaptation rate as ruffini endings

Answer 34

are sensitive to light vibration

Answer 35

are superficial mechanoreceptors

Answer 36

have large receptive fields

Answer 37

respond to stretch in skin

Answer 38

respond to stretch

Answer 39

subcutaneous receptors

Answer 40

have same adaptation rate as pacinian corpuscle.

Answer 41

these are all true.

Answer 42

Merkel's disc

Answer 43

Meissner's corpuscle

Answer 44

superficial

Answer 45

areas with higher density of mechanoreceptors have greater tactile discrimination

Answer 46

body parts with small cortical representations have greater tactile discrimination

Answer 47

the receptive field size of pacinian corpsucles allow for greater tactile discrimination

Answer 48

the smaller the number of receptors in a given region the finer two-point discrimination you can make

Answer 49

Receptors like pacinian corpuscle have a sustained response to a stimulus

Answer 50

merkel's disc and meissner's corpuscles generate a sustained response to stimulus

Answer 51

phasic receptors respond quickly but if the stimulus persists they habituate and stop firing

Answer 52

none of these are true

Answer 53

The hands, face and mouth have a large somatotopic representation in the cortex.

Answer 54

The back and calves have a small somatotopic representation in the cortex.

Answer 55

Areas with high density of mechanoreceptors also have a bigger representation in sensory cortex.

Answer 56

People with phantom limb pain experience pain because they receptors for pain are still their but the sensory cortex for that limb is not.

Answer 57

are areas of the skin innervated by left and right dorsal roots and single spinal segment

Answer 58

information coming from the skin and entering at that particular level

Answer 59

are used to understand sensory deficits of a spinal cord injury

Answer 60

all of these are true

Answer 61

damage on right side of brain causes person to be unable to see objects in left visual field

Answer 62

damage on right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left side of body or visual field

Answer 63

damage on the right side of brain causes person to be unaware of any type of stimulus on left sid eof body or visual field, resolved by turning head to side

Answer 64

person is unable to identify object by touch

Answer 65

is a process mediated by anterior parietal cortex

Answer 66

is the process of integrating all senses to identify object

Answer 67

is the process of identifying object by touch and no sight

Answer 68

problem with visual tracts and inability to see in left visual field

Answer 69

the DCML and ST carry A-beta axons

Answer 70

the point of decussation for the DCML is at the medulla, the point of decussation for ST is at the level where it enters

Answer 71

the DCML carries a-beta and a-delta fibers whereas the ST carries c fibers

Answer 72

the ST has a more detailed projection to thalamus and cortex than the DCML

Answer 73

the transmission of information is slower in the DCML than in the ST

Answer 74

Nociceptors

Answer 75

Nociception

Answer 76

nocioception

Answer 77

hyperalgesia

Answer 78

primary hyperalgesia

Answer 79

secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 80

prostagladins

Answer 81

substance P

Answer 82

directly depolarize nociceptors

Answer 83

cause vasodilation in the region

Answer 84

causes swelling in region

Answer 85

acts on mast cells

Answer 86

is a neurotransmitter

Answer 87

is released by nociceptors

Answer 88

acts on white blood cells - mast cells - to release histamine

Answer 89

causes redness and swelling in region

Answer 90

all of these are true

Answer 91

cause redness and swelling in region

Answer 92

are neurotransmitters

Answer 93

are released by mast cells

Answer 94

has impact on action potential

Answer 95

is a necessary enzyme for synthesizing bradykins

Answer 96

ensures natural mucus lining of stomach

Answer 97

can be inhibited to decrease sensitivity of primary hyperalgesia

Answer 98

when inhibited does not affect stomach lining

Answer 99

have an excitatory effect on gate interneurons, activitating gate and allowing transmission of pain information

Answer 100

have an inhibitory effect on gate interneuron, inactivating gate and allowing transmission of pain information

Answer 101

have an excitatory effect on gate interneuron, activating gate and stopping transmission of pain information

Answer 102

have an inhibitory effect on gate interneurons, inactivating gate and stopping transmission of pain information

Answer 103

activation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission

Answer 104

inactivation of gate interneuron and closing off of pain transmission

Answer 105

activation of gate interneuron and continued transmission pain information

Answer 106

inactivation of gate interneuron and continued transmission of pain information

Answer 107

causes direct release of serotonin

Answer 108

receives information about emotional status from amydala and prefrontal cortex

Answer 109

sends projections to raphe nuclei to release serotonin

Answer 110

when directly stimulated there is a decrease in pain

Answer 111

are released by raphe nuclei

Answer 112

are widely distributed in CNS but concentrated in DCML tract

Answer 113

increase release of glutamate

Answer 114

inhibit release of glutamate

Answer 115

endorphins

Answer 116

substance P

Answer 117

endorphins are opioids

Answer 118

opioids bind tightly to glutamate receptors to inhibit transmission of pain

Answer 119

profound analgesic with few side effects

Answer 120

released during states of flow

Answer 121

at the spinal level stimulates endorphin releasing cells to inhibit pain at that level

Answer 122

causes release of enkaphalin by PAG which in turn causes release of serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer 123

modulates effect of secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 124

modulates effect of primary hyperalgesia

Answer 125

current position of joints

Answer 126

tension on tendons

Answer 127

deep vibration

Answer 128

high frequency vibration

Answer 129

kinesthesia

Answer 130

nuclear bag fibers

Answer 131

1a afferents

Answer 132

alpha motor efferent

Answer 133

gamma motor efferent

Answer 134

muscle spindle

Answer 135

nuclear bag fiber in muscle spindle

Answer 136

muscle fiber

Answer 137

golgi tendon organ

Answer 138

adjust sensitivity of muscle spindle to changes in muscle length

Answer 139

synapse with alpha motor neurons in anterior horn

Answer 140

are located in the dorsal horn of spinal cord

Answer 141

adjust sensitivity of muscle fibers to changes in muscle length

Answer 142

stretched muscle spindles facilitate alpha motor neuron discharge

Answer 143

gamma motor neurons discharge in response to muscle stretch

Answer 144

II afferent synapses with alpha motor neurons

Answer 145

1a afferent axons travels from DRG to synapse with alpha motor neurons at dorsal horn

Answer 146

the GTO is located in the intrafusal fibers of the muscle

Answer 147

Its II afferent axons from GTO send signals to interneuron in dorsal horn where they synapse with alpha motor neurons

Answer 148

has the same effect on alpha motor neurons as the 1a afferent of nuclear bag fibers

Answer 149

is stimulated by muscle stretch

Answer 150

loss of GTO organs results in an inability to modulate muscle force

Answer 151

refers to the communication between an alpha motor neuron to muscle fiber

Answer 152

refers to communication between a gamma motor neuron and muscle spindle

Answer 153

refers to communication between gammas motor neuron and muscle fiber

Answer 154

refers to communication between alpha motor neuron and muscle spindle

Answer 155

deep postural muscle are made up entirely of slow oxidative fibers

Answer 156

muscles that maintain stability and posture are made up of type 2 fibers

Answer 157

fast glycolitic muscles are recruited first for a given movement

Answer 158

after brain damage there is spasticity in muscles that are largely dominated by white muscle fibers

Answer 159

white fibers are slow to contract

Answer 160

each muscle fiber is innervated by a single alpha motor neuron

Answer 161

alpha motor neurons innervate several muscle fibers

Answer 162

the greater the number of alpha motor neurons firing the greater the number of muscle fibers recruited

Answer 163

a motor unit is the total number of alpha motor neurons that innervate a single muscle

Answer 164

fast motor units are made largely of white muscle fibers

Answer 165

the axon's that innervate muscle fibers that are used for high endurance activities have a large diameter

Answer 166

the firing properties of neurons that innervate muscles for high endurance are low frequency and steady

Answer 167

muscles that rapidly fatigue are innervated by axons with high velocity conduction

Answer 168

a motor unit

Answer 169

a motor neuron pool

Answer 170

an interneuron pool

Answer 171

all of the above

Answer 172

sarcolemma

Answer 173

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 174

myofibrils

Answer 175

sarcolemmas

Answer 176

sarcomeres

Answer 177

myofibrils

Answer 178

muscle fibers

Answer 179

sarcolemma

Answer 180

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 181

Blocks actin from binding onto site on myosin thick filament

Answer 182

Blocks myosin from binding onto site on actin thin filament

Answer 183

Presence facilitates binding of myosin and actin during contraction

Answer 184

Ca2+ binds unto myosin and exposes actin to binding with troponin

Answer 185

binds to nicotinic receptors on post synaptic neuron

Answer 186

is released by gamma motor neuron

Answer 187

binds to nicotinic receptor of sarcoplasmic reticiulum

Answer 188

binds to nicotinic receptors of sarcolemma

Answer 189

with enough alpha motor neurons firing on muscle fiber an action potential will be generated

Answer 190

a single excitatory action potential in muscle fiber will generate an action potential

Answer 191

action potential sweeps between adjacent sarcomeres via t-tubules

Answer 192

none of these are true

Answer 193

ACh binds to troponin so that myosin binding sites may be exposed to actin

Answer 194

calcium ions released from sarcolemma binds to troponin so that actin may bind to troponin

Answer 195

as long as ACh and ATP are available muscle contraction will continue

Answer 196

shortening of sarcomere via actin filaments coming closer together is muscle contraction

Answer 197

endorphins

Answer 198

acupuncture

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Neurophysiology Quiz: Lecture 5-8

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