Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Steven scores 55% on a Mathematics exam, and 74% on an Economics exam. Which is Steven's better subject in comparison with the others in his group if the group means and SDs are 50 and 4 (Mathematics) and 70 and 8 (Economics)?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
TR-8R scores 67% on a accuracy exam, and 38% on an stamina exam. Which is TR-8R's better attribiute in comparison with the others in his group if the group means and SDs are 55 and 8 (Accuracy) and 24 and 4 (Stamina)?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A population of scores has μ = 42. In this population, an X value of 40 corresponds to z = -0.50. What is the population standard deviation?
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A squadron of scores has μ = 63. In this clone squadron, an X value of 54 corresponds to z = -3. What is the clone squadron's standard deviation?
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
For a population with μ = 60 and σ = 8, what is the X value corresponding to z = -0.50?
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
For a population with μ = 78 and σ = 5, what is the X value corresponding to z = 0.8?
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A population of scores has μ = 44. In this population, an X value of 40 corresponds to z = -0.50. What is the population standard deviation?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A population of N = 5 scores has SS = 40. What is the variance for this population?
Respuesta
-
40/5=8
-
40/4=10
-
5(40)=200
-
4(40)=160
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Under what circumstances would a score that is 15 points above the mean be considered an extreme score?
Respuesta
-
when the population mean is much larger than 15
-
when the population standard deviation is much larger than 15
-
when the population mean is much smaller than 15
-
when the population standard deviation is much smaller than 15
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
For a population with μ = 100 and σ = 20, the X value corresponding to z = 1.50 is
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A population of scores has σ = 20. In this population, a score of X = 80 corresponds to z = +0.25. What is the population mean?
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
In N = 25 games last season, the college basketball team averaged μ = 74 points with a standard deviation of σ = 6. In their final game of the season, the team scored 90 points. Based on this information, the number of points scored in the final game was ____.
Respuesta
-
A little above average
-
Far above average
-
above average, but it is impossible to describe how much above average
-
There is not enough information to compare last year with the average.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is the value of SS for the following sample?
Scores: 1, 3, 5
Respuesta
-
SS=8
-
SS=8/2
-
SS=8/3
-
SS=8*8
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The Pearson correlation measures _____.
Respuesta
-
the degree of curvilinear relationship
-
the degree of relationship without regard to the form of the relationship
-
the degree of linear relationship
-
the degree to which the relationship is consistently one directional
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are closely scattered around a line that slopes down to the left. Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A Pearson correlation of r = +1.00 between X and Y indicates _____.
Respuesta
-
Every change in X causes a change in Y
-
Each time X increases, there is a perfectly predictable increase in Y
-
All of the other 3 choices occur with a correlation of +1.00.
-
Every increase in X causes an increase in Y
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A Pearson correlation of r = -1.00 between X and Y indicates _____.
Respuesta
-
Every change in X causes a change in Y
-
Each time X decreases, there is a perfectly predictable decrease in Y
-
All of the other 3 choices occur with a correlation of -1.00.
-
Every increase in X causes an increase in Y
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following sets of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?
Respuesta
-
-0.91, +0.83, +0.10, -0.03
-
+0.83, +0.10, -0.91, -0.03
-
-0.91, +0.83, -0.03, -0.10
-
+0.83, +0.10, -0.03, -0.91
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The Pearson correlation is calculated for a sample of n = 25 individuals. What value of df should be used to determine whether or not the correlation is significant?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The results of a correlation analysis are as follows: r(72) = .56, p = .046. Calculate the coefficient of determination (R2):
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The results of a correlation analysis are as follows: r(123) = .75, p = .034. Calculate the coefficient of determination (R2):
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
When we convert a score into a score from a probability distribution, it becomes a _______.
Respuesta
-
Test score
-
Probability
-
Test Statistic
-
Significance Value
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The p value is a conditional probability, and represents ________.
Respuesta
-
The probability of finding the effect if the null hypothesis was false
-
The probability of not finding the effect if the null hypothesis was true
-
The probability of finding the effect if the null hypothesis was true
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A researcher conducts an experiment and discovers a non-significant (p > .05) difference between her two experimental groups. What is the next step she should take?
Respuesta
-
Fail to accept the alternate hypothesis
-
Reject the null hypothesis
-
Accept the alternate hypothesis
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The first step in hypothesis testing is to:
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following is a two-tailed hypothesis?
Respuesta
-
We predict that the scores of Group A should be significantly higher than the scores of Group B
-
We predict a positive relationship between the scores of Group A and Group B
-
We predict that the scores of Group B should be significantly higher than the scores of Group A
-
We predict a significant difference between the scores of Group A and Group B
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?
Respuesta
-
The scores of Group A will correlate with the scores of Group B
-
The scores of Group A will be greater than the scores of Group B
-
The scores of Group A and Group B will not differ significantly
-
The scores of Group A and Group B will differ significantly
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is the most appropriate description of a Type I error?
Respuesta
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
-
Reject the null hypothesis when it is true
-
Reject the null hypothesis when it is false
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following is the most appropriate description of a Type II error?
Respuesta
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
-
Reject the null hypothesis when it is false
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
-
Reject the null hypothesis when it is true
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
A researcher conducts an experiment and discovers a significant (p < .05) difference between her two experimental groups. What is the next step she should take?
Respuesta
-
Reject the null hypothesis
-
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
-
Accept the alternate hypothesis
-
Fail to accept the alternate hypothesis
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A researcher decides to run a correlation to discover whether a positive relationship exists between variable X and variable Y. He should conduct a _____.
Respuesta
-
2 tailed test
-
1 tailed test
-
Type II test
-
Type I test
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
An independent-measures t hypothesis test is appropriate when ____.
Respuesta
-
the mean for a treated group of subjects is compared to a known population mean
-
there are two separate samples containing different subjects
-
the value for s is known
-
one sample is used to test a hypothesis about one population
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following research situations is most likely to use an independent-measures design?
Respuesta
-
Evaluate the difference in verbal skills between 3-year-old girls and 3-year-old boys.
-
Evaluate the effectiveness of a diet program by measuring how much weight is lost during 4 weeks of dieting.
-
Evaluate the effectiveness of a cholesterol medication by comparing cholesterol levels before and after the medication.
-
Evaluate the development of verbal skills between age 2 and age 3 for a sample of girls.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A researcher reports t(24) = 5.30 for an independent-measures experiment. How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
An independent-measures experiment uses one sample with n = 10 and a second sample with n = 15 to compare two experimental treatments. The t statistic from this experiment will have degrees of freedom equal to ____.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The results of an independent-measures research study are reported as "t(5) = -2.12, p = .67, two tails." What statistical decision was made?
Respuesta
-
There was a marginally significant effect.
-
The researcher failed to reject H0.
-
The null hypothesis was rejected.
-
Cannot be determined from the researcher's statement
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following is a parametric test?
Respuesta
-
Wilcoxon
-
Mann-Whitney
-
Spearman's RHO
-
Pearson's r
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which is NOT an assumption underlying Parametric tests?
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the Pearson r in this correlation?
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is the P value in this Pearson correlation?
Respuesta
-
P=.000
-
P<.001
-
P>.001
-
P=-.291
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the sample size used?
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is the P value and can we reject the null hypothesis?
Respuesta
-
.993, no
-
.993, yes
-
.987, no
-
.000, yes
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
There is a _______ % chance of the results being obtained by sampling error alone
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What does reliability mean?
Respuesta
-
Used to measure the degree to which something measures what it is supposed to and whether the cause and effect can be understood
-
Used to measure the degree of which measurements are consistent or repeatable and whether the experiment yields similar reults
-
Should yield similar results irrespective of who administers it
-
Face, content, concurrent etc
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What does validity mean?
Respuesta
-
To what degree are measurements consistent and repeatable
-
To what degree the experiment measures what it is supposed to
-
To what degree findings are similar irrespective of who administers them
-
Includes internal consistency measures e.g. split half, odd-even etc
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which is NOT a method of assessing reliability?
Respuesta
-
Cronbach's Alpha
-
Test-retest
-
Inter-rater
-
Known groups
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is the correct order for hypothesis testing?
Respuesta
-
Generate a hypothesis, Conduct a study, Work out probability, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis
-
Conduct a study, Generate a hypothesis, Work out probability, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis
-
Work out probability, Generate a hypothesis, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis, Conduct a study
-
Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis, Conduct a study, Work out probability, Generate a hypothesis
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What is the critical region in relation to a normal distribution?
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What is the SS of the following numbers? 5,7,1,4
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Chocolate will positively correlate with happiness. What type of directional hypothesis is this?
Respuesta
-
One-tailed
-
Two-Tailed
-
Type I
-
Type II
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
In a set of data with extreme scores what would be the best measure of central tendency?
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Repeated measures, normally distributed, Violation of homogeneity of variance. What statistical test should be used?
Respuesta
-
Wilcoxon
-
Mann-Whitney
-
Pearson's r
-
Chi-Square
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Independent groups, Normally distributed, Violation of homogeneity of variance. What statistical test should be used?
Respuesta
-
WIlcoxon
-
Chi-square
-
Mann-Whitney
-
Spearman's RHO
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The standard error is...
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What is t when the sample mean is 36 and the population mean in 57 and a standard error of 5.6?
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
In relation to Cohen's d what are the effect sizes?
Respuesta
-
0.2=small, 0.5=moderate, 0.8=large
-
0.2=large, 0.5=moderate, 0.8=small
-
0.3=small, 0.6=moderate, 0.9=large
-
0.3=large, 0.6=moderate, 0.9=small
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
If two variables are totally independent, then the correlation between them is:
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
In an independent t-test, you would use the equal variances are not assumed part of the output when Levene's test is
Respuesta
-
Above a criterion significance level (e.g. p>0.05)
-
Below a criterion significance level (e.g. p<0.05)
-
When number of participants are unequal in the two conditions
-
When you have skewed data
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Levene's test is:
Respuesta
-
A test of heterogeneity that relies on the assumption of abnormality
-
A test of homogeneity that relies on the assumption of abnormality
-
A test of heterogeneity that does not rely on the assumption of normality
-
A test of homogeneity of variances that does not rely on the assumption of normality
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
We can't use a single t-test to compare:
Respuesta
-
1 group to a population (one;sample t;test)
-
2 groups to each other (independent;samples t;test)
-
Scores on 2 measures to each other (paired;samples t;test)
-
More than two groups
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
How many t-test comparisons would you need to conduct as follow ups, if there are 8 levels in the factor?
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
What is the main problem with using multiple t-tests?
Respuesta
-
Increased chances of a type one error (reject the null hypothesis when it is true) as each comparison increases p-value
-
Increased chances of a type two error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false) as each comparison decreases p-value
-
There isn't one
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The narrower the confidence intervals:
Respuesta
-
The more confidence you can place in your results
-
The less you can rely on the results
-
The greater the chance that your results were due to sampling error
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Repeated measures designs are:
Respuesta
-
Are exactly the same power as independent design
-
Less powerful than independent designs
-
More powerful than independent designs
-
None of the above
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Sample means are:
Respuesta
-
Point estimates of sample means
-
Interval estimates of population means
-
Interval estimates of sample means
-
Point estimates of population means
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
For an experiment comparing two treatment conditions, an independent-measures design would obtain ____ score(s) for each subject and a repeated-measures design would obtain ____ score(s) for each subject.
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
A repeated-measures study finds a mean difference of MD = 5 points between two treatment conditions. Which of the following sample characteristics is most likely to produce a significant t statistic for the hypothesis test?
Respuesta
-
A small sample size (n) and a large variance
-
A small sample size (n) and a small variance
-
A large sample size (n) and a small variance
-
A large sample size (n) and a large variance
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
For which of the following situations would a repeated-measures research design be appropriate?
Respuesta
-
Comparing problem solving skills for science majors versus art majors at a college
-
Comparing self-esteem for students who participate in school athletics versus those who do not
-
Comparing pain tolerance before and after taking a new pain medication
-
Comparing verbal skills for girls versus boys at age 3
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
A research report describing the results from a repeated-measures study includes the following: "The data show no significant difference between the two treatments, t(10) = 1.65, p = .07." Based on this report, you can conclude that a total of ____ individuals participated in the research study .
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
For the repeated-measures t statistic, df = ____.
Respuesta
-
(n1 - 1) + (n2 - 1)
-
n1 + n2 - 2
-
n - 1
-
n1 + n2 - 1
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
A repeated-measures experiment and a matched-subjects experiment both produce t statistics with df = 20. Which experiment used more subjects?
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which of the following sets of data is most likely to produce a significant t statistic? NB: MD = Mean Difference, SS = Sum of Squared Deviations
Respuesta
-
MD = 2 and SS = 10
-
MD = 2 and SS = 100
-
MD = 10 and SS = 10
-
MD = 10 and SS = 100
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
If the null hypothesis is true, on average the expected value for the related-samples t statistic is ____.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
A research report describing the results from a repeated-measures study states, "The data showed a significant difference between treatments, t(22) = 4.71, p < .001." From this report you can conclude that the outcome of the hypothesis test was ____.
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
The purpose for post tests is
Respuesta
-
To determine whether or not a Type I error was committed.
-
To determine how much difference exists between the treatments.
-
To determine which treatments are significantly different.
-
None of the above.
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
In general, the largest F-ratio will be obtained when the differences between sample means are ____ and the magnitudes of the sample variances are ____.
Respuesta
-
Small, small
-
Small, large
-
Large, small
-
Large, large
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
In analysis of variance, the F-ratio is a ratio of?
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
In analysis of variance, the term factor refers to ____.
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
When the null hypothesis is true for an ANOVA, what is the expected value for the F-ratio?
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
For an experiment comparing more than two treatment conditions you should use analysis of variance rather than separate t tests because ____.
Respuesta
-
You are less likely to make a mistake in the computations of ANOVA
-
A test based on variances is more sensitive than a test based on means
-
ANOVA has less risk of a Type I Error because several means are compared in one test
-
ANOVA has less risk of a Type II Error because several means are compared in one test
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Under what circumstances is the experimentwise alpha level a concern?
Respuesta
-
Whenever you do an analysis of variance
-
Whenever an experiment compares exactly two treatments
-
Whenever an experiment involves more than one hypothesis test
-
Whenever the alpha level is greater than .05
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
How many levels did the independent variable have?
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Which of the following statistical statements best describes the result of the analysis:
Respuesta
-
F(2,197) = 3.45, p = .034
-
F(2,197) = 3.45, p = 0.034
-
F(2,195) = 3.45, p = 0.034
-
F(2,195) = 3.45, p = .034
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
How many participants were included in this analysis?
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
A study finds a correlation coefficient of 0.5, what amount of variance is left unexplained?
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
A study finds an effect size of 64%, what is the value of Pearson's r?
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
What is the basis or logic of inferential statistical tests?
Respuesta
-
To work out the probability of obtaining an effect due to sampling error when the null hypothesis is true
-
To work out the probability of obtaining an effect due to sampling error when the null hypothesis is false
-
To work out the probability of making a type II error
-
All of the answers
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Power of an experiment is:
Respuesta
-
α
-
The ability of the experiment to reject the null hypothesis if it is, in fact, false
-
The sensitivity of participants to your experimental manipulation
-
All of the answers
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
How do we denote power?
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Quasi-experimental designs have?
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
The higher the t-value, the more likely it is that the differences between groups are:
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
The effect size for independent groups, d, can be calculated by:
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Power is the ability to detect:
Respuesta
-
A statistically significant effect where one exists
-
A psychologically important effect where one exists
-
Both Statistically and Psychologically important
-
Design flaws
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
A researcher has found a correlation coefficient of r=+.3, CI(95%) = -.2 - (+.7). Which is the most sensible conclusion? We are 95% confident that the population regression line would be:
Respuesta
-
Positive (+.3)
-
Zero
-
Negative (-.2)
-
Between -.2 and +.7
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
When the between-groups variance is a lot larger than the within-groups variance, the F-value is _____ and the likelihood of such a result occurring by sampling error ____.
Respuesta
-
Large;Increases
-
Large;Decreases
-
Small;Increases
-
Small;Decreases