5354588
Descripción
Test por Kathryn Borg, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Kathryn Borg
hace alrededor de 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What genera belong to the family Coronaviridae?
Respuesta
-
Torovirus
-
Coronavirus
-
Orbivirus
-
Rotavirus
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What is interesting about the coronavirus genera?
Respuesta
-
They cause a wide variety of clinical disease
-
The virus is highly stable in the environment, surviving years without a host
-
The virus is resistant to pH
-
The virus causes latent infection
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What clinical symptoms do coronaviruses cause?
Respuesta
-
Enteric
-
Neurological
-
Respiratory
-
Immunological
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is the basic structure of coronaviridae?
Respuesta
-
Non-enveloped, spherical, single stranded positive sense RNA
-
Enveloped, spherical, single stranded positive sense RNA
-
Enveloped, spherical, single stranded DNA
-
Enveloped, spherical, double stranded positive sense RNA
-
Non-enveloped, spherical, double stranded positive sense RNA
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What areas of the body does the coronaviridae have a "tropism" for?
Respuesta
-
Respiratory and/or gastrointestinal epithelium
-
Respiratory and/or myocaridal epithelium
-
Bone marrow and lymph nodes
-
Respiratory and/or circulatory system endothelium
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Why is Bovine Coronavirus Diarrhoea important?
Respuesta
-
Second most common cause of diarrhoea in calves
-
Most common cause of diarrhoea in calves
-
Most common cause of abortions in cattle
-
Leads to infertility in cattle
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
When are calves most likely to be affected by Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea?
Respuesta
-
Less than 2 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 4-5 days
-
Less than 10 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 2-10 days
-
Less than 2 weeks old – diarrhoea lasts 2-10 days
-
Around 7 months old- diarrhoea lasts 4-5 days
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How is Bovine coronavirus diarrhoea transmitted?
Respuesta
-
Faecal–oral route of transmission
-
Droplet transmission
-
Vector transmission
-
Venereal transmission
-
Fomite transmission
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The bovine coronavirus replicates in mature small intestinal epithelial cells, what does this effect?
Respuesta
-
Fluid absorption and digestion of disaccharides is reduced
-
Build up of fibrosis tissue due to damage, resulting in gut motility being reduced
-
Fluid absorption and digestion of fats is reduced
-
Fluid absorption increases causing oedema
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Match the correct virus to it's epidemiology and clinical signs
Respuesta
-
Por Haemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis
-
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus
-
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea
-
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is thought to be a mutant of Feline enteric coronaviruses (FECV)?
Respuesta
-
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)
-
Feline panleukopaenia
-
Feline Herpesvirus
-
Feline adenovirus
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
How do FIPV and FECV differ?
Respuesta
-
FECV causes a mild or inapparent enteritis while FIPV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
-
FIPV causes a mild or inapparent enteritis while FECVV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
-
FECV is always asymptomatic in domestic cats while FIPV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
-
FIPV is always asymptomatic in domestic cats while FECV is a sporadic, fatal disease of young cats
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is the epidemiology of FIPV?
Respuesta
-
Occurs sporadically in multi-cat households or catteries
-
Cats of any age may be affected: Less than one year or older than ten are most susceptible
-
Occurs endemically to only Australia and the USA
-
Occurs only in female cats
-
Occurs only in adult cats
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
How is FIPV transmitted?
Respuesta
-
Shed in faeces and oronasal secretions, transmission by inhalation, or ingestion
-
Shed in urine, transmission ingestion
-
Shed in papules on the skin, transmission by direct contact
-
Transmission by vectors
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
In infected households ~ 15% of cats are persistently infected with FIPV
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What is true of the pathogenesis of FIP?
Respuesta
-
Infection does not always result in disease
-
FECV infection sensitises cats to FIPV as antibody enhances uptake by macrophages`
-
Most infected kittens develop an effective cell-mediated immune response and eliminate the virus
-
Generally infected kittens develop the severe form of the disease due to lacking a mature immune system
-
FIP causes disease 90% of the time when an animal becomes infected
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What happens after FIP exposure?
Respuesta
-
?
-
??
-
????
-
?????
-
?????????????
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious, economically important disease of chickens worldwide
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the pathogenesis of infectious beonchitis?
Respuesta
-
Respiratory system is the site of primary replication
-
Virus distributed widely – oviducts, kidneys and Bursa severity of lesions determined by strain virulence
-
Viraemia within 1-2 days of exposure
-
Gastrointestinal system is the site of primary replication
-
Viraemia within 5-7 days of exposure
-
48 hour incubation
-
72 hour incubation
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
How is infectious bronchitis spread?
Respuesta
-
Primarily respiratory transmission by aerosol (shed from respiratory tract for several weeks) and recovered from faeces and eggs
-
Primarily faecal-oral route
-
Vector transmission
-
Venereal transmission
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In what age group are the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis the most severe?
Respuesta
-
In young birds
-
In adult birds
-
In aged birds
-
In embryos, causing death
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What are the clinical signs of infectious bronchitis?
Respuesta
-
Rales and gasping in older birds
-
Reduced egg production
-
In animals <3weeks there is gasping, nasal exudate and can result in mortality from occluded bronchi
-
Disease symptoms for 7 days in individuals
-
Disease symptoms for 10 – 14 days in flock
-
Disease symptoms for 20 – 25 days in flock
-
Disease symptoms for 14 days in individuals
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
How is infectious bronchitis diagnosed?
Respuesta
-
Virus isolation (egg inoculation) and serology (neutralisation, ELISA, HI)
-
Virus isolation (egg inoculation) and bacterial culture
-
Bacterial culture and PCR
-
Physical examination
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Is there a vaccine available to prevent infectious bronchitis?
Respuesta
-
Yes, live and killed vaccines are available
-
Yes, a live vaccine is available only
-
No vaccines are available
-
A vaccine was available until the virus mutated in 2015
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
How are coronaviruses spread?
Respuesta
-
Inhalation and ingestion - faecal oral route or via aerosol
-
Fomite spread
-
Vector borne transmission
-
Ingestion- oral route
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
How contagious are Coronaviruses?
Respuesta
-
Variable (depending on the virus)
-
Not contagious but are infectious
-
Highly contagious
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the basic structure of togaviridae?
Respuesta
-
Enveloped ss + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
-
Non-enveloped ss + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
-
Enveloped ds + sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
-
Enveloped ss - sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
-
Non-enveloped ss - sense RNA viruses with an Icosahedral capsid
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which two genera belong to Togaviridae?
Respuesta
-
Rubivirus
-
Alphavirus
-
Orbivirus
-
Torovirus
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Where is Equine encephalitides found?
Respuesta
-
Confined to Western hemisphere
-
Confined to the Northern hemisphere
-
Confined to Europe
-
Confined to the Southern hemisphere
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is true of the epidemiology of Equine encephalitides?
Respuesta
-
Peak periods of disease when climate favours maximum vector numbers (Late Summer after heavy rainfall)
-
Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis – maintained in cycles involving mosquito vector and passerine birds
-
Can infect humans
-
Horses can act as amplifying hosts
-
Vector transmission in mosquitos
-
Primary resevoir is passerine birds
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is correct of the pathogenesis of Equine encephalitides?
Respuesta
-
Secondary replication in these tissues leads to secondary viraemia of high titre to allow CNS invasion
-
Neural necrosis, mononuclear infiltration with perivascular cuffing and interstitial oedema (VEE also involves respiratory tract)
-
Primary viraemia allows spread to muscle and connective tissues and reticuloendothelial system
-
Replication in local cells - drain to regional lymph nodes
-
Primary replication is in the respiratory system
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
What is the incubation period for Equine encephalitides?
Respuesta
-
up to 9 days
-
up to 13 days
-
up to 2 days
-
up to 21 days
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What clinical signs might you see during Equine encephalitides infection?
Respuesta
-
Low carriage of head with wide base stance
-
Terminal recumbency
-
Range from mild fever and depression to fatal febrile encephalomyelitis
-
CNS signs: photophobia, head pressing, circling, ataxia, blindness, inability to swallow
-
Diarrhoea
-
Oronasal discharge
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Viraemia is transient and so isolation from blood is relatively easy
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
How might you control Equine encephalitides?
Respuesta
-
Vector control (insecticides, repellent, insect proof stabling)
-
Vaccination available in endemic areas
-
Antivirals
-
Infertile male mosquitos
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What are Arboviruses?
Respuesta
-
Arthropod borne viruses. “Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous arthropod hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
-
Arboviruses – Arachnid borne viruses. “Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous arachnid hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
-
Amphibian borne viruses. “Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous amphibian hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
-
Aquatic borne viruses. “Viruses that replicate in their haematophagous aquatic hosts and transmitted to vertebrate host by biting”
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which Arbovirses are endemic to Australia?
Respuesta
-
Ross River virus (Family Togaviridae) people, horses
-
Murray Valley encephalitis virus (Family Flaviviridae) people, horses
-
Kunjin / WNV (Family Flaviviridae) person, horses ?dogs, donkey, alpacca?
-
Japanese encephalitis virus (Family Flaviviridae)
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which arboviral disease is the commonest, most widespread reported in Australia>
Respuesta
-
Ross River Virus
-
Murray Valley encephalitis virus
-
Kunjin virus / West Nile virus
-
Japanese encephalitis virus
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is the basic structure of Flaviviridae?
Respuesta
-
Enveloped, ss + sense RNA viruses
-
Non-enveloped, ss + sense RNA viruses
-
Enveloped, ds + sense RNA viruses
-
Enveloped, ss - sense RNA viruses
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Mature Flaviviridae virions are quite labile: sensitive to heat, detergents, common disinfectants
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is interesting about Classical Swine Fever?
Respuesta
-
Stable in meat products for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread
-
Stable in the air for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread
-
Not stable in the environment, reintroduction occurred with an accidental release from a laboratory in Germany
-
Stable in milk products for weeks/months. Enabled re-introduction and spread
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What genera belong to Flaviviridae?
Respuesta
-
Flavivirus
-
Pestivirus
-
Hepacivirus
-
Alphavirus
-
Rubivirus
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae?
Respuesta
-
Bite from infected arthropod-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to target organs (endothelium, liver, foetus, CNS)
-
Bite from infected arthropod-->Local virus replication-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to target organs (endothelium, liver, foetus, CNS)
-
Bite from infected arthropod-->Local virus replication-->Viraemia-->Dissemination to the heart
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What is correct of Japanese Encephalitis epidemiology?
Respuesta
-
Pigs are important amplifying hosts
-
Water birds are the main reservoir host
-
Endemic in South-East Asia (spreading West and South)
-
Infections in humans and horses (dead end hosts) often cause severe and fatal encephalitis
-
Inapparent infections in other species
-
Pigs are dead end hosts
-
Pigs are the main reservoir host
-
Water birds are dead end hosts
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What clinical signs does Japanese encephalitis cause in pigs?
Respuesta
-
Reproductive failure (abortion, stillbirths, weak young, otherwise inapparent infection of young)
-
Fever, Lethargy and Recovery or Hyperexcitable and Death
-
GIT dysfunction
-
Total organ necrosis
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What clinical signs does Japanese Encephalitis cause in horses?
Respuesta
-
Reproductive failure (abortion, stillbirths, weak young, otherwise inapparent infection of young)
-
Fever, Lethargy and Recovery or Hyperexcitable and Death
-
GIT dysfunction
-
Respiratory disease (oronasal discharge)
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
West Nile Virus can cause (fatal) encephalitis in horses and haemorrhagic fever in humans
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Where can West Nile Virus be found?
Respuesta
-
Occurs throughout the Mediterranean, Asia and Africa
-
The United States
-
Australia
-
Antarctica
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What is the difference between the acute and chronic forms of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD)?
Respuesta
-
Acute disease – bovine virus diarrhoea Chronic disease – mucosal disease (persistent infection)
-
Acute disease –mucosal disease (persistent infection) Chronic disease – bovine virus diarrhoea
-
Acute disease – death Chronic disease – mucosal disease (persistent infection)
-
Acute disease – bovine virus diarrhoea Chronic disease – Asymptomatic shedding
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What happens when a pregnant cow is infected with BVD vs. a non-pregnant cow?
Respuesta
-
Infection of susceptible adult cattle usually of little consequence unless pregnant (transplacental spread common)
-
Asymptomatic infection in the feotus
-
Abortion of the feotus if infection late in gestation (> 125 days)
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
[blank_start]Infection early in gestation(< 80[blank_end] days)-- Abortion, mummification, early embryonic death and resorption
[blank_start]Infection late in gestation (> 125[blank_end] days)--Mount active immune response Develop antibody and survive (+/- some pathology)
[blank_start]Infection early in gestation (80-125[blank_end] days)-- Cytopathic strain of BVDV Foetal lesions, weak or dead calves Non-cytopathic strain = tolerance
Respuesta
-
Infection early in gestation (80-125
-
Infection late in gestation (> 125
-
Infection early in gestation (< 80
-
Infection late in gestation (<80
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What are the symptoms of mucosal BVD?
Respuesta
-
Profuse watery diarrhoea, Nasal discharge, salivation Ulcerative lesions, death
-
CNS dysfunction, death
-
Heart failure
-
Asymptomatic
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
How can BVD be diagnosed?
Respuesta
-
Isolate virus / detect virus antigens (3 cultures),
-
Serology (4 fold increase in neutralising titre)
-
Immunofluorescence on smears of tissue
-
ELISA
-
Bacterial culture
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
How do you control Bovine Viral Diarrhoea?
Respuesta
-
Remove persistently infected animals (source of virus)
-
Vaccinations (although not fully protective)
-
Cull all animals when one is found with BVD
-
Utilise disinfectants in sheds and places where animals frequent
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which of the below relate to classical Swine Fever?
Respuesta
-
Strains with low virulence – reduced fertility
-
Moderate strains – more chronic disease
-
Convulsions, sudden death Posterior paresis, paralysis, circling, tremors and death within weeks
-
Fever, hyperaemia, purpura
-
Highly contagious exotic disease
-
2-10 day incubation
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
How is classical swine fever transmitted?
Respuesta
-
Ingestion and inhalation
-
Vector/arbovirus transmission
-
Venereal transmission
-
Fomite spread
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Where does classical swine fever replicate?
Respuesta
-
In tonsils, spread to lymph and endothelial cells
-
In epithelial cells
-
In the GIT
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What does CSF cause?
Respuesta
-
Haemorrhages, DIC, thrombosis of small vessels
-
CNS dysfunction
-
Reproductive dysfunction
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