Important Infectious Diseases of North American Wild Mammals

Descripción

Lecture 3, VMRCVM Wildlife Medicine class, c/o 2016.
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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Which of the following are the three biggest reservoir species for Rabies in VA?
Respuesta
  • Bats
  • Raccoons
  • Foxes
  • Skunks
  • Rodents
  • Domestic animals

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Identifying the Rabies serotype variants can be important in terms of:
Respuesta
  • Vaccine protocol, as the rabies vaccines are not cross-protective.
  • Treatment protocol, as some variants are curable while the others are invariable fatal.
  • Investigating the source of human exposure.
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The incubation period of rabies is:
Respuesta
  • 1-3 days
  • 1-3 months
  • 1-3 hours
  • 1-5 days

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Diagnosis of rabies is achieved via: (select all that apply)
Respuesta
  • Histopathology identifying the presence of Negri bodies in neurons
  • An ELISA test looking for serum antibodies
  • Clinical signs alone, as these are pathognomonic for rabies
  • Fluorescent antibody tests

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
______ appear refractory to the oral vaccines administered to wildlife.
Respuesta
  • Raccoons
  • Skunks
  • Bats
  • Foxes

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Canine distemper is caused by:
Respuesta
  • A rhabdovirus
  • A morbilivirus from the family Paramyxoviridae
  • Exposure to periods of extreme heat or cold
  • A combined infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Canine distemper is an important disease for grey foxes more than it is for red foxes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
For a raccoon that is out in the middle of the day, you're number one diagnosis would be _____, and your number 2 diagnosis would be _____
Respuesta
  • Rabies; Sarcoptic Mange
  • Rabies; Canine Distemper
  • Canine Distemper; Rabies
  • Sarcoptic Mange; Rabies

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
There are 4 major body systems associated with canine distemper. Which are they?
Respuesta
  • Reproductive
  • Respiratory
  • GI
  • Urinary
  • Nervous system
  • Skin

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Which of the following is true regarding the pathogenesis of canine distemper? Select all that apply.
Respuesta
  • The incubation period is 14-18 days
  • The incubation period is 6-8 months
  • The virus replicates in respiratory lymphatic tissue
  • The virus replicates in peripheral axons of the PNS
  • Spread to other tissues is often through the lymphatic channels
  • Spread to other tissues is often hematogenous

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Like rabies, vaccination protocols for canine distemper in wildlife consist of dropping baits laced with oral vaccine in highly prevalent areas.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Like distemper, sarcoptic mange generally affects grey foxes moreso than red foxes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange can be made via: (select all that apply)
Respuesta
  • The classic signs of alopecia, flaky fetid material in fur, and thickening of the skin, which may not be pathognomonic but are highly suggestive
  • Visualization of morulae on peripheral blood smears
  • Visualization of the Sarcoptes scabiei on skin scrapings
  • Heavy profliferation of foot pad skin is pathognomonic for mange

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
The serotypes capable of causing hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer include: (select all that apply)
Respuesta
  • BT2
  • BT10
  • BT11
  • BT13
  • BT17

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Hemorrhagic disease occurs most often during late summer to early fall. This is due mostly to
Respuesta
  • Breeding season, which increases contact time for infected deer.
  • Food competition, which increases contact time for infected deer.
  • This is the life span of the culicoides species that transmits the disease.
  • None of the above are correct.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Hemorrhagic disease is the most problematic disease of white-tailed deer.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
This clinical finding would lead you to suspect hemorrhagic disease above any other:
Respuesta
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery
  • Edema of the head, neck, tongue, and conjunctiva
  • Oral cyanosis

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Wild carnivores are generally infected by tuberculosis following which of the general routes of "spillover"?
Respuesta
  • Cattle -> wild deer -> carnivores
  • Wild deer -> cattle -> culicoides -> carnivores
  • Cattle -> wild deer -> culicoides -> carnivores
  • None of the above, carnivores are naturally infected with tuberculosis.
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