Alkenes and Polymers

Alkenes are [blank_start]planar[blank_end] with a bond angle of [blank_start]120[blank_end] degrees.

Alkenes can't rotate around the double bond.

Diastereoisomers are mirror images of each other.

Electrophiles like [blank_start]electrons[blank_end] and therefore have a partial or formal [blank_start]positive[blank_end] charge. Nucleophiles like [blank_start]nuclei or protons[blank_end] and therefore have a partial or formal [blank_start]negative[blank_end] charge.

Alkenes have a high electron density in the C=C bond which means that they are attacked by nucleophiles.

The Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to an Alkene forms:

How can Bromine act as an Electrophile?

The Electrophilic Addition of Bromine to an Alkene forms:

The test for Unsaturated Hydrocarbons involves adding Bromine Water. The presence of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons would be indicated by:

Why must the temperature be 0C when adding Ethene to concentrated Sulfuric Acid?

What is formed when Ethene is reacted with concentrated 85% Sulfuric Acid?

Industrially, what would be added to the product formed from the Electrophilic Addition of Sulfuric Acid to Ethene to form Ethanol?

Markovnikov's Rule states that the Major Product formed in Electrophilic Addition with an Unsymmetrical Alkene has the more stable Carbocation intermediate.

Which of these Carbocations is the most stable?

Label the diagram of a C=C bond.

Addition Polymers are formed from [blank_start]Alkenes[blank_end] under [blank_start]high[blank_end] pressure and with a suitable catalyst. The [blank_start]π[blank_end] bond breaks to allow the molecules to join together.

The best yields of Additional Polymerisation are obtained at a low temperature.

In Addition Polymerisation, there is a reduction in the number of moles.

What is the positive effect of Incineration of Polymers?

What are the negative effects of Incineration of Polymers?

What are the negative effects of Recycling Polymers?

What are the positive effects of Recycling Polymers?

Select all the correct properties of Polymers:

Straight-Chain Polymers or those with fewer branches are [blank_start]more[blank_end] compact and pack with a [blank_start]high[blank_end] density. This means they have more Van der Waal's forces so they are [blank_start]stronger[blank_end] and [blank_start]harder[blank_end]. Polymers with more branches are [blank_start]less[blank_end] compact and pack with a [blank_start]low[blank_end] density. This means they have less Van der Waal's forces so they are [blank_start]weaker[blank_end] and [blank_start]softer[blank_end].

Polyvinylchloride is long-lasting, durable and versatile.

This question is about the most common Plasticisers of polyvinylchloride, which are phthalates. What have phthalates been linked to which makes some people ask for the banning of them?

What effect to Plasticisers have on a polymer and why?

Which of these species show E-Isomerism?

Use the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules to put these elements in order. Some have already been filled in for you. [blank_start]Iodine[blank_end] > Bromine > [blank_start]Chlorine[blank_end] > [blank_start]Fluorine[blank_end] > [blank_start]Carbon[blank_end] > [blank_start]Hydrogen[blank_end]

In E/Z-Isomerism of an ALKENE with no halogens, based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules, the highest priority group is that which contains more Carbon.