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Chemistry Final Part Two

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Chem Final
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
How many joules are there in 115 calories? (1cal = 4.18 J)
Respuesta
  • 2.9 J
  • 4.8 J
  • 28 J
  • 481 J
  • 11500 J

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Which of the following has the greatest heat capacity?
Respuesta
  • 1000 g of water
  • 1000 g of steel
  • 1 g of water
  • 1 g of steel

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat?
Respuesta
  • steel
  • water
  • alcohol
  • chloroform

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g aluminum by 10 °C? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x °C)
Respuesta
  • 0.21 cal
  • 2.1 cal
  • 210 cal
  • 21000 cal
  • None of the above

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
What is the specific heat of a substance if 1560 cal is required to raise the temperature of a 312-g sample by 15 °C?
Respuesta
  • 0.033 cal/g x °C
  • 0.33 cal/g x ºC
  • 0.99 cal/g x ºC
  • 1.33 cal/g x ºC

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
How many kilocalories of heat are required to raise the temperature of the 225 g of Al from 20 ºC to 100 ºC? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x ºC)
Respuesta
  • 0.59 kcal
  • 3.8 kcal
  • 85 kcal
  • None of the above

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The heat capacity of an object depends in part on its______.
Respuesta
  • mass
  • enthalpy
  • shape
  • potential energy

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The amount of heat transferred from an object depend on all of the following except ______.
Respuesta
  • the specific heat of the object
  • the change in temperature the object undergoes
  • the initial temperature of the object
  • the mass of the object

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
A piece of metal is heated, then submerged in cool water. Which statement below describes what happens?
Respuesta
  • The temperature of the metal will increase.
  • The temperature of the water will increase.
  • The temperature of the water will decrease.
  • The temperature of the water will increase and the temperature of the metal will decrease.
  • The temperature of the water will decrease and the temperature of the metal will increase.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Two objects are sitting next to each other in direct sunlight. Object A gets hotter than object B.
Respuesta
  • Object A has a higher specific heat than object B.
  • Object A has a lower specific heat than object B.
  • Both object have the same specific heat.

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
In an exothermic reaction, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants is ______.
Respuesta
  • equal to the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • greater than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • less than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • less than the heat released
  • less than the heat absorbed

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Compared to 100 g of iron, a 10-g sample of iron has ______.
Respuesta
  • a higher specific heat.
  • a lower specific heat.
  • the same specific heat.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
If the heat involved in a chemical reaction has a negative sign, _____.
Respuesta
  • heat is lost to the surroundings
  • heat is gained from the surroundings

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
A process that absorbs heat is a(n) ______ process.
Respuesta
  • exothermic
  • endothermic
  • polythermic
  • ectothermic

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
If you were to touch the flask in which an endothermic reaction were occurring, _____.
Respuesta
  • the flask would probably feel cooler than before the reaction started
  • the flask would probably feel warmer than before the reaction started
  • the flask would feel the same as before the reaction started
  • None of the above

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The amount of heat released by the complete burning of 1 mole of a substance is the _____.
Respuesta
  • specific heat
  • heat of combustion
  • heat capacity
  • system heat

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The following equation shows the reaction that occurs when nitroglycerine explodes. 4 C3H5O9N3--> 12 CO2 + 10 6 N2 + O2 + 10 H2O + 1725 kcal This reaction is ______.
Respuesta
  • endothermic
  • exothermic
  • a combination reaction
  • a combustion reaction

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The amount of heat needed to melt one mole of a solid is called the _____.
Respuesta
  • molar heat of fusion
  • molar heat of solidification
  • heat of reaction
  • enthalpy

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The amount of heat absorbed by a melting solid ______ the amount of heat lost by a solidifying liquid.
Respuesta
  • is the same as
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance _____.
Respuesta
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains constant
  • may increase or decrease

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The vaporization of a liquid is an
Respuesta
  • exothermic process
  • endothermic process

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Hess's Law _____.
Respuesta
  • makes it possible to calculate △H for complicated chemical reactions
  • states that when you reverse a chemical equation, you must change the sign of △H
  • determines the way a calorimeter works
  • describes the vaporization of solids

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The amount of heat involved in the creation of 1 mole of substance from its element is called _____.
Respuesta
  • enthalpy
  • heat of reaction
  • standard heat of formation
  • heat of solidification

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
To calculate the amount of heat absorbed as a substance melts, which of the following information is not needed?
Respuesta
  • the mass of the substance
  • the specific heat of the substance
  • the change in temperature
  • the density of the smaple

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample?
Respuesta
  • It decreases.
  • It increases.
  • It does not change.

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
When 45 g of an alloy at 100ºC is dropped into 100.0 g of water at 25 ºC, the final temperature is 37ºC. What is the specific heat of the alloy?
Respuesta
  • 0.423
  • 1.77
  • 9.88
  • 48.8

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
How much heat does it take to make the water in a teakettle boil if the water starts at 22ºC?
Respuesta
  • 88 calories
  • 88 joules
  • 88 Calories
  • Not enough information given.

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
To determine the heat change for a reaction in an aqueous solution, _____.
Respuesta
  • you need to know the specific heat of the reactants
  • you can mix the reactants in a calorimeter and measure the temperature change
  • you need to know the mass of the reactants
  • you cannot determine the heat change for this type of reaction

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Which of the following equations correctly represents an endothermic reaction?
Respuesta
  • A + B --> C + D + heat
  • A + B + heat --> C + D

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ºC is defined as _____.
Respuesta
  • a joule
  • specific heat capacity
  • a calorie
  • density

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
For a given substance, the molar heat of fusion _____ the molar heat of vaporization.
Respuesta
  • always equals
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
For a given substance, the molar heat of vaporization ______ the molar heat of condensation.
Respuesta
  • always equal
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Heat of solution is ______.
Respuesta
  • the amount of heat required to change a solid into a liquid
  • the amount of heat absorbed or released when a solid dissolves
  • the amount of heat required to change a vapor into a liquid
  • the amount of heat released when a vapor changes into a liquid

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The heat of formation for an element in its standard state is ______.
Respuesta
  • always zero
  • sometimes zero
  • never zero

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature ______.
Respuesta
  • increases
  • decreases
  • stays the same
  • depends on the amount of water

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Compared to a glass of ice water with ice in it, a glass of ice-cold water without ice will warm up _____.
Respuesta
  • faster
  • slower
  • at the same rate

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
When snow melts, what happens to the surrounding air?
Respuesta
  • It gets warmer.
  • It gets cooler.
  • Nothing happens to the surrounding air.

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Why does air leave a tire when the tire valve is opened?
Respuesta
  • because the pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire
  • because the pressure outside the tire is greater than the pressure inside the tire
  • because the temperature is higher outside the tire than inside the tire
  • because there are more gas particles outside the tire than inside the tire

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Which of these changes would NOT cause an increase in the the pressure of a gaseous system?
Respuesta
  • The container is made larger.
  • Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container.
  • The temperature is increased.
  • Another gas is added to the container.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
If the volume of a container holding gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure within the containers?
Respuesta
  • The pressure will increase.
  • The pressure will not change.
  • The pressure will decrease.

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
Respuesta
  • The temperature increases.
  • The temperature does not change.
  • The temperature decreases.

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Why does an aerosol can become cooler when gas is released?
Respuesta
  • because the propellant expands
  • because the propellant contracts
  • because the product expands with the can
  • because the volume of the can decreases

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases _____.
Respuesta
  • the volume increases
  • the average kinetic energy of the gas decreases
  • the pressure increases
  • All of the above

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen within the container?
Respuesta
  • It is reduced by one-half.
  • It is unchanged.
  • It is doubled.

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Boyle's law states that _____.
Respuesta
  • the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure
  • the volume of a gas varies directly with pressure
  • the temperature of a gas varies inversely with pressure
  • the temperature of a gas varies directly with pressure

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
When the temperature and number of particles are kept constant for a sample of gas, which of the following os also constant for the sample?
Respuesta
  • the sum of the pressure and volume
  • the difference of the pressure and volume
  • the product of the pressure and volume
  • the quotient of the pressure and volume

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas _____.
Respuesta
  • is reduced by one-half
  • remains unchanged
  • is doubled
  • varies depending on the nature of the gas

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The volume of a gas is reduced from 4L to 0.5 L while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas ______.
Respuesta
  • increases by a factor of four
  • decreases by a factor of eight
  • increases by a factor of eight
  • increases by a factor of two

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
A gas occupies a volume of 0.2 L at 10.1 kPa. What volume will the gas occupy at 101 kPa?
Respuesta
  • 38 L
  • 20 L
  • 2 L
  • 0.02 L

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Charles' Law states that _____.
Respuesta
  • the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
A sample gas occupies 40.0 mL at -123 ºC. What volume does the sample occupy at 27 ºC?
Respuesta
  • 182 mL
  • 8.80 mL
  • 80.0 mL
  • 20.0 mL

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
If a balloon is rubbed vigorously, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains constant?
Respuesta
  • It increases.
  • It stays the same.
  • It decreases.

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
When the volume and number of particles are held constant for a sample of gas, which of the following is also constant for the sample?
Respuesta
  • the sum of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the difference of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the product of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the quotient of the pressure and temperature in kelvins

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The combined gas law relates which of these?
Respuesta
  • pressure and volume only
  • temperature and pressure only
  • volume and temperature only
  • temperature, pressure, and volume

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.20 mol of CO2 has a volume of 3.1 L. A 3.1-L sample of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure ______.
Respuesta
  • has the same mass
  • contains the same number of atoms
  • has a higher density
  • contains the same number of molecules

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Which of the following scientist developed an atomic theory in the early 1800s?
Respuesta
  • Isaac Newton
  • Antoine Lavoisier
  • Francis Bacon
  • Roger Bacon
  • John Dalton

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Who discovered the electron?
Respuesta
  • Joseph Thomson
  • Niels Bohr
  • Ernest Rutherford
  • John Dalton
  • Albert Einstein

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Which of the following is an accurate description of Thomson's model of the atom?
Respuesta
  • The electrons orbit the protons which are at the center of the atom
  • The electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • Electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • The electrons, like "raisins," are stuck into lump of protons, like "dough," in a "plum pudding" atom

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
In Rutherford's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
Respuesta
  • the electrons orbit the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
Respuesta
  • the electrons orbit the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron in an orbit has a fixed?
Respuesta
  • position
  • color
  • energy

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
What did Rutherford's experiment demonstrate?
Respuesta
  • that electrons orbit the nucleus
  • that all neutrons are located in the nucleus
  • that most of an atom's mass is concentrated in a relatively small portion of the atoms entire volume
  • that atoms are made of positively and negatively charged particles

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Which of the following scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
Respuesta
  • Albert Einstein
  • Erwin Schrsdinger
  • Niels Bohr
  • Ernest Rutherford
  • Joseph Tomson

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
What is the probability of finding an electron within the region indicated by the drawn electron cloud?
Respuesta
  • 50%
  • 67%
  • 75%
  • 90%
  • 100%

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
The quantum mechanical model of the atom _____.
Respuesta
  • defines the exact path of an electron around the nucleus
  • was proposed by Niels Bohr
  • is concerned with the probability of finding an election in a certain position
  • has many analogies in the visible world

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron
Respuesta
  • position
  • speed
  • energy level
  • electron cloud shape
  • spin

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
The shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electrons
Respuesta
  • energy sublevel
  • spin
  • position
  • speed
  • principal quantum number

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The 3p atomic orbital has the shape of ______.
Respuesta
  • a sphere
  • a dumbbell
  • a bar
  • two perpendicular dumbbells
  • an egg

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
How many energy sublevels are there in the second principal energy level?
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
What types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
Respuesta
  • s and p only
  • p and d only
  • s, p, and d only
  • p, d, and f only

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
How many f orbitals can there be in one atom?
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 3
  • 5
  • 7
  • 9

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sub level?
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Which of the following energy levels has the lowest energy?
Respuesta
  • 3d
  • 4s
  • 4p
  • 4f

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?
Respuesta
  • zero
  • clockwise
  • counterclockwise

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
Respuesta
  • 2d
  • 2f
  • 3d
  • 3f
  • 4s

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Which of the following states that no more than two electrons can occupy an atomic orbital and that two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins?
Respuesta
  • Hund's rule
  • Dalton's theory
  • the Aufbau principle
  • the Pauli exclusion principle

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the three orbitals?
Respuesta
  • one electron in each orbital
  • two electrons in one orbital, one in another, none in the third
  • three in one orbital, none in the other two

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8
  • 10

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
In order to occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have _____.
Respuesta
  • the same direction of spin
  • low energy
  • a high quantum number
  • opposite spin

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
According to the Aufbau principle _____.
Respuesta
  • an orbital may be occupied by only two electrons
  • electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
  • electrons enter orbitals of highest energy first
  • electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
What is the basis for exceptions to the Aufbau principle?
Respuesta
  • filled and half filled energy sub levels are more stable than partially-filled ones
  • electron configurations are only probable
  • electron spins are more important than energy levels in determining electron configuration
  • some elements have unusual atomic orbitals

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies?
Respuesta
  • ultraviolet light waves
  • x-rays
  • microwaves
  • gamma rays
  • infrared light waves

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
Respuesta
  • orange
  • yellow
  • green
  • blue
  • violet

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
The quanta of light are called _____.
Respuesta
  • charms
  • excitons
  • muons
  • photons
  • solitons

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The lowest energy state of an atom is called the _____.
Respuesta
  • excited state
  • ground state
  • independent state
  • dependent state
  • configurational state

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
To which variable of an object's wavelength directly proportional?
Respuesta
  • mass
  • velocity
  • temperature
  • position
  • None of the above

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
To which variable of an object is the object's mass directly proportional?
Respuesta
  • wavelength
  • velocity
  • temperature
  • position
  • frequency

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Who developed the uncertainty principle?
Respuesta
  • Albert Einstein
  • Niels Bohr
  • Werner Heisenberg
  • Erwin Schrsdinger
  • Louis de Broglie

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
According to the uncertainty principle, if the position of a moving particle is known what other quantity cannot be known?
Respuesta
  • mass
  • temperature
  • charge
  • spin
  • velocity
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