Pregunta 1
Pregunta
In 2014, there were more countries that were identified as free compared to the total number of countries that are partly free or not free
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Amartya Sen argues that in the general climate and world opinion, most believe that democratic governance has now achieved the status of being generally right.
Pregunta 3
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According to Kesselman, et. al., similar to economic development, there are uniform, historical strategies and policies that countries must follow to achieve democracy.
Pregunta 4
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The balance of scholarly opinion suggests, that parliamentary systems tend to produce more consensual outcomes than do presidential systems.
Pregunta 5
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The democratic idea fuels political conflicts in even the most durable democracies because a large gap usually separates democratic ideals and the actual functioning of democratic political institutions
Pregunta 6
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A careful study finds that, once a country adopts a democratic regime, the odds are that it will endure.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Why does the democratic idea fuel political conflicts in even the most durable democracies?
Respuesta
-
Because politics is about the art of compromise and the average person despises such behavior,
-
Because ideology breeds contempt for the opposition, unlike an authoritarian regime.
-
Because the very nature of democracy allows for political opposition,
-
Because democracies function on the basis of majority will who continuously violate the rights of the minority,
Pregunta 8
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Large-scale grassroots action that demands reforms of existing social practices and government policies:
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The toppling of an authoritarian regime and adopting the rudiments of democracy:
Respuesta
-
consolidated democracy,
-
transitional democracy
-
evolutionary democracy,
-
developmental democracy.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In spite of the fact that the following country has hundreds of millions of people living in dire poverty, it has had a vibrantly functioning democratic system since it became independent:
Respuesta
-
Argentina
-
Indonesia
-
Norway
-
India
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
In 2014, there were how many countries that could be considered "free” by Freedom House?
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
According to Kesselman, et., al., what are the necessary preconditions for democracy to take root and flourish?
a) secure national [blank_start]___________[blank_end],
b) a stable [blank_start]______[blank_end],
c) a minimum level of _[blank_start]________[blank_end] development
d) widespread acceptance of [blank_start]___________[blank_end] values,
e) agreement on the [blank_start]______[blank_end] of the democratic politics among those
contending for power.
Respuesta
-
boundaries
-
state
-
economic
-
democratic
-
rules
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Democracy may appeal to citizens in authoritarian nations because:
a) democratic regimes often rank among the world’s most
stable, [blank_start]________[blank_end], free, and [blank_start]_________[blank_end]
countries.
b) it is born of the human desire for [blank_start]________[blank_end] and [blank_start]_________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
affluent
-
cohesive
-
dignity
-
equality
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Democracy: From the Greek demos (the people) and kratos (rule).
a) A political system featuring: selection to public offices
through free and fair [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
b) the right of all adults to [blank_start]_____[blank_end]; political parties that are free
to compete in elections;
c) government that operates by fair and relatively open
[blank_start]___________[blank_end];
d) political rights and civil [blank_start]__________[blank_end]; an independent judiciary
(court system);
e) civilian control of the [blank_start]_________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
democracy
-
vote
-
procedures
-
liberties
-
military
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Theories focusing on specific features of the political world, such as institutions, policies, or classes of similar events, such as revolutions or elections:
Respuesta
-
Deductive Reasoning
-
Comparative Advantage
-
Moral Hazard
-
Mid-Level Theories
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
When a state's geographic boundaries coincide with a citizen's collective identity, the resulting formation is called:
Respuesta
-
state hegemony
-
government legitimacy
-
political integration
-
nation-state
Pregunta 17
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A theory that focuses on how individuals act strategically in an attempt to achieve goals that maximize their interests applying deductive and quantitative methods to construct models and general theories of political behavior that they believe can be applied across all types of political systems and cultures:
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A belief by powerful groups and the broad citizenry that a state exercises rightful authority:
Respuesta
-
consolidated authority
-
legitimacy
-
integrated hierarchy
-
governmental values
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The most powerful political institutions in a country, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, the police, and armed forces:
Respuesta
-
the nation
-
the political culture
-
the state
-
the political system
Pregunta 20
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The intensification of worldwide interconnectedness associated with the increased speed and magnitude of cross-border flows of trade, investment and finance, and processes of migration, cultural diffusion, and communication:
Pregunta 21
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An approach that gives priority to government regulation over the economy:
Respuesta
-
Mercantilism
-
Supply-side
-
Liberatarianism
-
Keynesianism
Pregunta 22
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Neoliberalism emphasizes:
Respuesta
-
government ownership of the utilities industry and other monopolistic enterprises,
-
the need for establishing a social safety net for individuals suffering from the vagaries of the free market.
-
extensive government regulation over key sectors of the economy,
-
the importance of market-friendly policies,
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The ancient philosopher who analyzed and compared the city-states of Greece in the fourth century BCE according to whether they were ruled by a single individual, a few people, or all citizens:
Respuesta
-
Socrates
-
Plato
-
Cicero
-
Aristotle
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The following involves comparing domestic political institutions, processes, policies, conflicts, and attitudes in different countries:
Respuesta
-
comparative politics
-
international relations
-
public policy
-
publican theory
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
There are approximately, how many countries in the world today?
Respuesta
-
just about 300 countries
-
more than 200 countries
-
about 126 countries
-
less than 136 countries
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The hostile relations that prevailed between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s until the demise of the USSR in 1991:
Respuesta
-
the Korean Conflict
-
the Cuban Missile Crisis
-
the Vietnam War
-
the Cold War
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
An exclusive international club of the most industrialized nations in the world that deals with both economic and political issues is referred to as:
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Under the leadership of Vladimir Putin, the following region was incorporated into Russia:
Respuesta
-
Siberia
-
Crimea
-
Latvia
-
Estonia
Pregunta 29
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According to Kesselman, et. al., “an important historical moment when political actors make critical choices, which shape institutions and future outcomes” is referred to as:
Respuesta
-
conducive events
-
historical centerpiece
-
critical juncture
-
cognizant alignment
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Kesselman, et. al., refers to the groups with which people identify, including gender, class, race, region, and religion, and which are the “building blocks” for social and political action:
Respuesta
-
holistic approach
-
collective identities
-
consolidated analysis
-
apex hypothesis
Pregunta 31
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In spite of the bad economic times, young people and middle-age workers are cooperating with one another to find solutions to the serious economic troubles afflicting the United States.
Pregunta 32
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According to Kesselman, et. al, the study of comparative politics requires that analysts focus on a single national perspective and avoid the role of trade, mass communication, and culture because it detracts from the goal at hand.
Pregunta 33
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Political analysis, argues Kesselman, et. al., requires more than blogging, talking-head debates but involves both a longer historical context and a framework for understanding unfolding developments.
Pregunta 34
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There is little difference between the study of international relations and comparative politics, argue Kesselman, et. al.
Pregunta 35
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Kesselman, et. al. argue that there is no reason to include the study of the United States within the field of comparative politics.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
According to Kesselman, et. al., because of the rise of globalization and the increased role of international economic competition and integration, countries are no longer the fundamental building blocks in analyzing most political activity.
Pregunta 37
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The comparative approach principally analyzes similarities and differences among countries by focusing on selected political institutions and processes.
Pregunta 38
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Although comparativists direct their attention to the roles of the legislature, executive, political parties and court systems, they avoid specialty areas, such as education or the environment.
Pregunta 39
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In comparative politics, the state refers to the key political institutions responsible for making, implementing, and adjudicating important policies in a country.
Pregunta 40
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In authoritarian states, political legitimacy is not greatly affected by the state’s inability to “deliver the goods” to its people through poor economic performance because coercion and threats of force compel the population to accept their condition, argues Kesselman, et. al.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Because countries are the basic building blocks in politics and because states are the most significant political organizations within countries, these are two critical units for comparative analysis.
Pregunta 42
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Kesselman, et. al., argue that states dwarf other influential actors, such as transnational corporations, in the exercise of power that matters.
Pregunta 43
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The authors believe that the wide array of international organizations and treaties do not challenge the sovereign control of national governments within their own territories.
Pregunta 44
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A country’s political borders can and do protect its citizens from global warming, environmental pollution, or infectious diseases that come from abroad.
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The fundamental purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to lower or remove barriers to free trade.
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Whenever the IMF provides financial or technical assistance to a country, it does so without any strings attached if it is identified as a Third World country.
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The success of states in maintaining sovereign authority and control over their people is greatly affected by their ability to ensure that enough goods are produced and services delivered to satisfy the needs and demands of their populations.
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
China’s stunning success in promoting economic development has not generated much support for the communist regime in that country.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Political scientist Adam Przeworski and colleagues have concluded, after an exhaustive comparison of the economic performance of democratic and authoritarian states, that democratic systems are better at achieving superior economic performance.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What distinguishes gross domestic product (GDP) from gross national product (GNP) is the latter (GNP) takes into considering GDP plus income earned abroad by the country’s residents.
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The GDP of a country is a useful measure because it takes into account the population and its quality of life.
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
The United States not only has by far the largest economy in the world and but also has the highest per capita income as well.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
India has a higher per capita income than China.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
A treaty among the United States, Mexico, and Canada implemented on January 1, 1994, that largely eliminates trade barriers among the three nations and establishes procedures to resolve trade disputes:
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
An example of a non-governmental organization (NGO) that plays a crucial role in the world of politics:
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What was an important reason for the rejection of communism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe in 1989?
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Refers to the interaction between politics and economics, that is, to how government actions affect economic performance and how economic performance in turn affects a country’s political processes:
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
These countries have been referred to as “economic miracles” by comparativists:
Respuesta
-
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan
-
Turkey, Greece, Estonia
-
Japan, Taiwan, South Korea
-
Poland, Romania, Hungary
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
A policy promotes ecologically sound ways to modernize the economy and raise the standard of living:
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
The total of all goods and services produced within a country that is used as a broad measure of the size of its economy:
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The following takes into account the real cost of living in a particular country by calculating how much it would cost in the local currency to buy the same “basket of goods” in different countries:
Respuesta
-
sustainable economic integration
-
purchasing power parity
-
per capita economic equality
-
economic equality proliferation
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Although China is ranked second in the world, in terms of Gross Domestic Product, it falls to 120th out of 227 economies because its GDP per capita is:
Respuesta
-
$3,200
-
$9,800
-
$12,300
-
$16,800
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
The level of economic development and citizens’ standard of living in different countries
Respuesta
-
gross demand product per capita
-
gross annual product per capita
-
gross productivity per person
-
gross domestic product per capita
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Institutional design refers to:
a) the relationships between [blank_start]__________[blank_end], [blank_start]____________[blank_end], and
judicial branches of government and
b) between the [blank_start]_________[blank_end] government and [blank_start]____________[blank_end] units
such as states in the United States.
Respuesta
-
executive
-
legislative
-
national
-
subnational
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
The International Monetary Fund (IMF):
a) is the global institution with a [blank_start]________[blank_end] to
b) foster global monetary [blank_start]____________[blank_end], secure financial stability,
facilitate international [blank_start]______[blank_end], promote high employment
and sustainable economic growth, and reduce [blank_start]________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
mandate
-
cooperation
-
trade
-
poverty
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The Social Progress Index (SPI) is derived from twelve measures such as
a) shelter, [blank_start]_______[blank_end] and wellness,
b) [blank_start]__________[blank_end] sustainability,
c) personal [blank_start]________[blank_end] and
d) choice, and [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and inclusion.
Respuesta
-
health
-
ecosystem
-
freedom
-
tolerance
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Why is it more beneficial to use exchange rates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) when comparing the standard of living in a particular country?
a) Because PPP takes into account the real [blank_start]_____[blank_end] [blank_start]___[blank_end] [blank_start]_______[blank_end] in a
particular country
b) by calculating how much it would cost in the local currency to
buy the [blank_start]_____[blank_end] basket of goods in [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
countries;
c) Many scholars think that PPP provides a relatively reliable
(and revealing) tool for comparing the [blank_start]_____[blank_end] of an
economy
among countries.
Respuesta
-
cost
-
of
-
living
-
same
-
different
-
size
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
In scarcely more than twenty years, we have
a) witnessed the collapse of the [blank_start]_______[blank_end] [blank_start]_____[blank_end] in 1989,
b) which ushered in the end of the [blank_start]_____[blank_end] [blank_start]____[blank_end] era;
c) the attack on the [blank_start]______[blank_end] [blank_start]______[blank_end] [blank_start]_______[blank_end] towers in 2001,
d) ushering in a new era of global insecurity in the face of
mounting [blank_start]__________[blank_end]; and
e) the [blank_start]______[blank_end] [blank_start]__________[blank_end] of 2008, which threw the global
economy into a tailspin, heightened political conflict, and
widespread anxiety about the future.
Respuesta
-
Berlin
-
Wall
-
Cold
-
War
-
World
-
Trade
-
Center
-
terrorism
-
Great
-
Recession
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
According to Kesselman, et. al., what were the five important critical junctures in recent history?
a) 1989, which symbolizes the end of the [blank_start]_____[blank_end] [blank_start]____[blank_end], and a wave
of capitalist democracies that replaced the
former East versus
West divisions
b) September 11, 2001, which reframes globalization, shifting
attention away from the development gap to
[blank_start]__________[blank_end],
security, and the use of force;
c) 2008, a year that ushered in intense [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and economic
crisis around the world;
d) 2011, when [blank_start]____[blank_end]-[blank_start]__________[blank_end] movements toppled repressive
regimes in North Africa and the Middle East, and Japan
was
rocked by a severe earthquake;
e) 2014, when a resurgent Russia, under the increasingly
authoritarian leadership of Vladimir [blank_start]______[blank_end], annexed the
Crimea and violated the sovereignty of [blank_start]________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Cold
-
War
-
terrorism
-
financial
-
pro
-
democracy
-
Putin
-
Ukraine
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
What are the four themes incorporated by Kesselman, Krieger and Joseph, in analyzing comparative politics?
a) The globalizing world of [blank_start]_______[blank_end],
b) Governing the [blank_start]________[blank_end],
c) The [blank_start]__________[blank_end] idea,
d) The politics of [blank_start]___________[blank_end] identities.
Respuesta
-
states
-
economy
-
democratic
-
collective
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What are the policies followed by the Keynesian approach to regulating the economy for achieving stable economic growth?
a) During a recession, state budget [blank_start]_________[blank_end] are used to expand
demand in an effort to boost both consumption
and
investment, and to create [blank_start]___________[blank_end].
b) During periods of high growth when [blank_start]__________[blank_end] threatens,
cuts in [blank_start]___________[blank_end] spending and
c) a tightening of [blank_start]_______[blank_end] are used to reduce demand.
Respuesta
-
deficits
-
employment
-
inflation
-
government
-
credit
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Countries are:
a) distinct, politically defined [blank_start]____________[blank_end]
b) that encompass [blank_start]____________[blank_end],
c) composed of political [blank_start]_____________[blank_end],
d) as well as cultures, economies, and [blank_start]___________[blank_end] identities.
Respuesta
-
territories
-
governments
-
institutions
-
collective
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
One widely-used approach in doing comparative analysis involves developing causal theories:
a) [blank_start]___________[blank_end] that can be expressed formally in a causal mode:
b) “If X happens, then Y will be the [blank_start]_______[blank_end].”
c) Such theories include factors (the [blank_start]____________[blank_end] variables,
symbolized by X)
d) that are believed to influence some outcome (the [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
variable, symbolized by Y) that the analyst wants
to explain.
Respuesta
-
___________
-
result
-
independent
-
dependent
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
In many long-established democracies, the importance of identities based on class membership has declined, although economically-based sources of collective identity do remain significant in influencing citizens’ party affiliation and preferences about economic policy
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Identity-based conflicts appears to have disappeared with the rise of the nation-state and modernity.
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Politics in democratic regimes involves a tug of war among groups over relative power and influence, both symbolic and substantive.
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
According to Alfred Stepan, there are many states in the entire world that are relatively homogeneous nation-states.
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Religion is the one area where the collective identity of a group tends to minimize conflicts.
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
The meaning of democracy has rarely, if ever, been a contentious issue because political scientists have formulated some very clear-cut and precise conditions for the lay person and social scientists to embrace.
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
The Chinese Communist Party monopolizes most decision making, and its leaders are chosen by self-selection rather than popular election.
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
In Iran, a theocratic authoritarian regime, there are no contested multiparty elections allowed by the Islamic clergy.
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Ever since democracy was restored in 1984, following a period of harsh military rule, Brazil has compiled a solid record of democratic practice.
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
For all of the problems that Putin has generated in Russia, there is one area where democracy holds true; that is, there are open and fair elections with multi-party competition.
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Solidarities based on the shared experience of work or, more broadly, economic position refers to:
Respuesta
-
religious affiliation
-
ethnic cohesion
-
social class
-
nationalism
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
We now know that the formation of group attachments and the interplay of politically relevant collective identities are:
Respuesta
-
far more complex and uncertain
-
more willing to peaceably and pragmatically pursue their interests
-
uniquely interspersed with other more reliable institutions
-
strictly tied to the formation of the state
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
The following country was carved out by colonial powers putting ethnic groups together with little regard to preexisting collective identities:
Respuesta
-
Japan
-
Nigeria
-
Turkey
-
Russia
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
One of the primary reasons for the attacks of 9/11 by Al Qaeda against the U.S. was:
Respuesta
-
the first war with Iraq
-
the support for a Lebanese outside military force headed by the Syrians
-
the daily propaganda by Al Jazeera and other Arab media that whipped up anti-American hostility
-
the stationing of Western military forces in what is regarded as sacred territory
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
The use of power, particularly by the state, to allocate some kind of valued resource among competing groups.
Respuesta
-
egalitarian politics
-
welfare state
-
distributional politics
-
affirmative action
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
He wrote that the ruling ideas of an age are the ideas of the ruling class—in other words that those with power and wealth shape the values in a society
Respuesta
-
John Stuart Mill
-
Karl Marx
-
Benjamin Franklin
-
Winston Churchill
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
A method of classifying by using criteria that divide a group of cases into smaller cases with common characteristics:
Respuesta
-
Hypothesis
-
Typology
-
Nomenclature
-
Model
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Approximately, how many countries are there in the world today?
Respuesta
-
about 100
-
less than 120
-
more than 200
-
more than 270
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Democratic political systems that have been solidly and stably established for an ample period of time and in which there is relatively consistent adherence to the core democratic principles:
Respuesta
-
Consolidated Democracy
-
Operatic Liberty
-
Systematic Confederation
-
Democratic Centralism
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Countries whose political systems exhibit some democratic and some authoritarian elements:
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
The richest 1 percent of Americans own how much of all U.S. wealth?
Respuesta
-
one-tenth
-
one-quarter
-
one-third
-
one-half
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
A system of rule in which power depends not on popular legitimacy but on the coercive force of the political authorities:
Respuesta
-
Unitary
-
Authoritarian
-
Federalism
-
Confederation
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
The authors consider the following country a consolidated democracy:
Respuesta
-
India
-
Brazil
-
Cuba
-
Vietnam
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
According to Kesselman, et. al., what are the conditions that define a democracy?
a) it requires the right of [blank_start]________[blank_end]
b) it requires an independent [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
c) it requires substantial [blank_start]_______[blank_end] equality
d) it requires some [blank_start]_________[blank_end] of the [blank_start]_________[blank_end] field
Respuesta
-
privacy
-
judiciary
-
gender
-
leveling
-
economic
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
The term authoritarianism refers to political systems in which
a) power (or authority) is highly concentrated in a single
[blank_start]___________[blank_end],
b) a small group of [blank_start]_______[blank_end], or
c) a single [blank_start]__________[blank_end] [blank_start]______[blank_end], ethnic group, region, or
d) [blank_start]____________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
individual
-
people
-
political
-
party
-
institution
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
A according to the Chinese Communist Party, the political system of the People’s Republic of China is:
a) based on “[blank_start]__________[blank_end] democracy,”
b) which it claims is superior to the “[blank_start]__________[blank_end] democracy” of
capitalist countries
c) that favors the interests of [blank_start]__________[blank_end] citizens.
Respuesta
-
socialist
-
bourgeois
-
wealthier
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Since Vladimir Putin’s reelection as president in 2012, the Russian government has engaged in numerous undemocratic practices including:
a) arbitrary [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and
b) rigged [blank_start]_______[blank_end] of opponents,
c) repeated violations of the [blank_start]_____________[blank_end], and
d) extensive political [blank_start]___________[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
detention
-
trials
-
constitution
-
corruption