Phonology Midterm

Most frequently occurring sounds

least frequently occurring sounds

what effects does phonological context have on a sound? [blank_start]production[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]each[blank_end] [blank_start]sound[blank_end] [blank_start]is[blank_end] [blank_start]influenced[blank_end] [blank_start]by[blank_end] [blank_start]the[blank_end] [blank_start]sounds[blank_end] [blank_start]around[blank_end] [blank_start]it[blank_end].

[blank_start]anticipatory[blank_end] [blank_start]coarticulation[blank_end] is getting ready for the upcoming sound.

[blank_start]retentive[blank_end] [blank_start]coarticulation[blank_end] is retained after the production of the sound sound.

Which sounds make up the "Late 8?"

Considerations to make when choosing target speech sound selections: [blank_start]stimulability[blank_end]; [blank_start]frequency of occurrence[blank_end]; [blank_start]developmental appropriateness[blank_end]; [blank_start]contextual analysis[blank_end]; [blank_start]personal variables[blank_end]

[blank_start]sound collapse[blank_end] is when one sound is used in place of many sounds.

Morphosyntactic: A child doesn't produce a sound because:

Gierut's theory of target behavior selection includes targeting easier sounds first vs. more difficult sounds.

Gierut's theory of target behavior selection includes targeting:

which is not an organic speech sound disorder

Cleft Lip results in [blank_start]structural repairs[blank_end]. It has [blank_start]little[blank_end] impact on speech. It may impact early [blank_start]feeding skills[blank_end].

Children with cleft palate undergo multiple [blank_start]surgeries[blank_end] as the skull grows. There may be residual [blank_start]voice[blank_end] and [blank_start]resonance[blank_end] issues if the child has VPI. There are greater issues in early [blank_start]feeding skills[blank_end]. [blank_start]Fistulae[blank_end] are holes or openings in the structure.

Velopharyngeal Incompetence: [blank_start]greatest[blank_end] impact on intelligibility. It is not improved by [blank_start]speech therapy[blank_end]. Characteristics: [blank_start]hypernasality[blank_end] of vowels, vocalic consonants, glides, liquids. [blank_start]Nasal emission[blank_end] on articulation. Unusual substitutions, or [blank_start]compensations[blank_end], such as glottal stops and pharyngeal fricatives. [blank_start]Structural[blank_end] VPI is seen in children with histories of cleft palate. [blank_start]Functional[blank_end] VPI is seen in individuals with dysarthria.

Which is not a genetic disorder?

SSD Characteristics of Down Syndrome include:

SSD Characteristics of Fragile X

Children with Galactosemia may present with [blank_start]Apraxia of Speech[blank_end]

Factors impacting speech perception and production in children with hearing loss:

Which of the following is NOT impacted due to hearing loss?

[blank_start]Childhood Apraxia of Speech[blank_end] is a neurological childhood SSD in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neurological deficits.

[blank_start]Occlusion[blank_end] is the alignment when the jaw is closed. [blank_start]Malocclusion[blank_end] is the irregular position of teeth when jaw is closed.

Characteristics of malocclusion

Some causes of malocclusion are:

Class [blank_start]1[blank_end] Malocclusion: upper teeth overlap lower teeth; normal bite; overlap slight; most common class of malocclusion.

Class [blank_start]2[blank_end] Malocclusion: severe overbite; AKA retrognathism

Class [blank_start]3[blank_end] Malocclusion: severe underbite; AKA prognathism

[blank_start]Malocclusion[blank_end] itself does not preclude normal speech production. It does not imply [blank_start]speech production[blank_end] errors. Most children utilize [blank_start]compensatory[blank_end] strategies.

Dialect, Bidirectional Influences, and Cross-linguistic effect are all multicultural considerations.

[blank_start]Dialect[blank_end] is mutually intelligible forms of a language associated with a particular region, social class, or ethnic group.

[blank_start]Bidirectional Influence[blank_end] is the influence of one language upon the other.

Cross-linguistic effect is the treatment approach for [blank_start]bilingual[blank_end] individuals, focusing on skills [blank_start]separately[blank_end] for each language.

[blank_start]Screenings[blank_end] are performed to determine those who need further evaluation versus those for whom assessment is not needed.

Informal screening measures are typically [blank_start]clinician designed[blank_end] and tailored to the [blank_start]population[blank_end] being screened.

Formal screening measures are [blank_start]commercially[blank_end] published and contain normative data & cut-off scores. May be part of a more comprehensive measure of [blank_start]speech sound inventory[blank_end] or part of a comprehensive [blank_start]language[blank_end] evaluation tool.

Stimulability is done in isolation for syllables and words to test if the child is stimulable for specific sounds.

[blank_start]Conversational connected speech samples[blank_end] show a child's natural productions of sounds in connected speech and overall intelligibility.

___ are performed to rule out any type of hearing loss that could be affecting speech intelligibility.

A Severe PCC Score is [blank_start]50[blank_end] percent or below.

Normally developing three yaer old children are about [blank_start]75[blank_end] percent intelligible.

The best way to word a target selection is to state the desire to decrease a negative behavior.

Back vowels...

Central Vowels...

Front vowels