Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which is true of anxiety and fear?
Respuesta
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FEAR is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
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ANXIETY is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
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FEAR prepares us for action
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ANXIETY increases respiration, perspiration, muscle tension, and others
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Most individuals with one anxiety disorder also suffer from a second one
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Check all that are DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Anxiety also plays a major role in which different groups of problems?
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which is FALSE of generalized anxiety disorders?
Respuesta
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Common in Western society
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About one-fourth in treatment
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Men diagnosed more often than women (2:1)
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Usually first appears in childhood or adolescence
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which perspective theorized excessive childhood neurotic or moral anxiety sets stage for GAD
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which perspective used general techniques like free association, transference, resistance, and dreams
to treat all psychological problems?
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which perspective used object-relations therapists to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems to treat GAD
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which perspective says GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which perspective uses client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard to treat GAD.
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humantisic
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Behavioral
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which perspective says psychological problems are often caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking – including excessive worry and maladaptive assumptions.
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Behavioral
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which new wave cognitive theory states certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small; they worry in an effort to find “correct” solutions
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which new wave cognitive theory suggests that the most problematic assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about worrying (METAWORRY)
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which new wave cognitive theory holds that worrying serves a “positive” function for those with GAD by reducing unusually high levels of bodily arousal
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which perspective treats GAD by breaking down worrying by helping them to recognize their inclination to worry
and helping clients to become aware of streams of thoughts, including worries, and to accept these as mind events (Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Therapy)
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which perspective believe that GAD is caused primarily by biological factors like competing explanation of shared environment involving GABA inactivity
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the
Respuesta
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amygdala
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prefrontal cortex
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anterior cingulate
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hippocampus
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cerebellum
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hypothalamus
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which perspective treats GAD with anti anxiety drug therapy and relaxation techniques
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Cognitive
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Humanistic
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Biological
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Phobias are persistent and unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities, or situations and often involve avoidance of the object or thoughts about it
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Most people seek treatment for phobias
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which is true of agoraphobia
Respuesta
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People with agoraphobia are afraid of being in situations where escape might be difficult, should they experience panic or become incapacitated.
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Many people with agoraphobia avoid crowded places, driving, and public transportation
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In any given year, 2.2 percent of adults experience this problem, women twice as frequently as men.
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The disorder also is twice as common among wealthy people vs. poor ones.
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three-fifths of people agoraphobia are in treatment.
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Many also are prone to experience extreme and sudden explosions of fear – called “PANIC ATTACKS” – and may receive a second diagnosis of panic disorder
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.
Respuesta
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Classical conditioning
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Modeling
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Stimulus generalization
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.
Respuesta
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Classical conditioning
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Modeling
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Stimulus generalization
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which phobia develops through a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.
Respuesta
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Classical conditioning
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Modeling
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Stimulus generalization
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What perspective is also called “PREPAREDNESS” because human beings are theoretically more “prepared” to acquire some phobias than others
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which treatment of phobias teaches relaxation skills, create fear hierarchy, and pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which treatment of phobias involves forced nongradual exposure
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which treatment of phobias involves the therapist confronting the feared object while the fearful person observes
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What is the most common and effective treatment for agoraphobia
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following about agoraphobia treatments is FALSE
Respuesta
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Therapists help clients venture farther and farther from their homes to confront the outside world.
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Therapists use techniques similar to those used for treating a specific phobia but, in addition, use support groups and home-based self-help programs.
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Between 60-80 percent of clients with agoraphobia who receive treatment find it easier to enter public places, and the improvement lasts for years.
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Improvements are often complete, and relapses are uncommon.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Select all that can help treat social anxiety
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which statement is FALSE
Respuesta
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Unlike specific phobias, social fears are often reduced through MEDICATION (particularly antidepressants).
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Several types of PSYCHOTHERAPY have proved at least as effective as medication.
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People treated with psychotherapy are more likely to relapse than people treated with drugs alone.
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All are true
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Panic attacks are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and gradually pass
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about panic disorders are FALSE
Respuesta
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Has different prevalence across various cultures and racial groups
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Tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood
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Is twice as likely to occur in women than men
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Is 50 percent more likely to appear in poor people than wealthier people
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Is often accompanied by agoraphobia
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which perspective uses drug therapies to treat panic disorders?
Respuesta
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Cognitive
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Biological
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Humanistic
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Behavioral
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which perspective describes panic disorders as the tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
Respuesta
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Cognitive
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Biological
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Behavioral
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Humanistic
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What panic disorder treatment is used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in presence of researcher or therapist such as jumping up and down, running up a flight of steps, and practicing coping strategies and making more accurate interpretations.
Respuesta
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Biological Challenge Procedures
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Behavioral Challenge Procedures
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Cognitive Challenge Procedures
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Humanistic Challenge Procedures
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Mark all that is true of OCD
Respuesta
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Person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a drive to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
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It is estimated that more than 40% of those with OCD seek treatment
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It is more common in women than men
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Between 1 and 2 percent of U.S. population suffer from OCD in a given year; as many as 3 percent over a lifetime
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Occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
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Minimal distress or impairment
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The obsessions or compulsions take up considerable time
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
OBSESSIONS are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which is true of OBSESSIONS?
Respuesta
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Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
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Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
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Have common themes
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Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
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Behaviors reduce anxiety
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Behaviors often develop into rituals
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which is true of COMPULSIONS
Respuesta
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Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
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Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
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Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
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Have common forms/themes
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Behaviors often develop into rituals
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Behaviors reduce anxiety- but only for a short time
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Believe that something terrible will occur if they do not perform the acts
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Most recognize that their behaviors are unreasonable
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Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessive thoughts.
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which perspective states that OCD is played out in overt thoughts and actions
Id impulses = obsessive thoughts
Ego defenses = counter-thoughts or compulsive actions
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which perspective concentrates on explaining and treating compulsions rather than obsessions and proposes that people happen upon their compulsions quite randomly
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which perspective treats OCD by exposing a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then preventing the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Therapists often model the behavior while the client.
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which perspective indicates that everyone has repetitive, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts
and suggests that people with OCD blame themselves for normal (although repetitive and intrusive) thoughts and expect that terrible things will happen as a result
.
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which perspective believes people attempt to “NEUTRALIZE” their thoughts with actions (or other thoughts)
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which perspective treats OCD through psychoeducation and guiding the client to identify, challenge, and change distorted cognitions
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which perspective describes OCD as abnormal SEROTONIN activity and abnormal brain structure and functioning
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Brain structures that have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder include the
Respuesta
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orbitofrontal cortex
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caudate nucleus
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thalamus
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amygdala
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cingulate cortex
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hypothalamus
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hippocampus
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prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Which perspective treats OCD with serotonin-based antidepressants
Respuesta
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Psychodynamic
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Behavioral
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Cognitive
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Biological
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In recent years, a growing number of clinical researchers have linked some excessive behavior patterns (e.g., hoarding, hair pulling, shopping, sex) to ANXIETY