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DNA Mutations and Cancer

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A brief quiz on information from the lectures: Oct 25, Nov 1, Nov 3.
Brianna Murphy
Test por Brianna Murphy, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Brianna Murphy
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Polyribosomes are:
Respuesta
  • Multiple ribosomes along a string of mRNA simultaneously copying the message to create proteins.
  • Ribosomes that enter the nucleus to copy and transcribe DNA strands.
  • Multiple ribosomes that copy a mRNA strand one at a time - one ribosome must finish copying the strand before the next can start.
  • The organelles in the cell where ribosomes are manufactured and distributed from.

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The DNA from ONE cell in the human body, when stretched out, is the length of:
Respuesta
  • 2 metres.
  • 2 light years.
  • The approximate length of the cell.
  • 20 cm.

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Every genetic mutation results in a displaying phenotype.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
DNA replication is a perfect process - Each copy of the DNA is completely identical to the DNA it was created from.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Cancer, despite having been around for a long period of time, has been an extremely difficult disease to eradicate. This is because: (check all applicable answers)
Respuesta
  • Cancer is not caused by one specific mutation, but many, many small mutations.
  • While cancer is commonly weak to the human immune system, it can use other proteins to 'hide' itself, stopping the immune system from noticing and eliminating it.
  • Even if doctors remove the affected area, there is no guarantee metastatic cells haven't already left the area.
  • Cancer is always active throughout the entire body - there is no localization of it, so it cannot be removed.
  • Cancer has its own DNA repairers, and can easily repair any damage done to it by the immune system.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Even if DNA mutates, the cell has a natural process of searching for and fixing mutated strands called the:
Respuesta
  • DNA Repair.
  • Mutation Removal.
  • Mutational Cease and Desist.
  • DNA spliceation.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Mutation is:
Respuesta
  • Any spontaneous change in an organism's DNA sequence.
  • A negative affliction occuring to an organism on the cellular level.
  • A genetically undesirable, hereditary trait.
  • The dominant gene from each pair of chromosomes.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The polyribosomes move long the string of mRNA in the direction 3' to 5'.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
A mutation can become a heritable, genetic mutation when it occurs:
Respuesta
  • In any part of the body.
  • In the sperm or ovum.
  • On the surface of the skin.
  • As the sperm and ovum form the zygote.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Consider this image of a rainbow bead necklace. If we were comparing it to the protein production process, it would be most appropriate to say that:
Image:
dfd64fc2-d486-4548-becf-0ab96eab0f0c (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • The black cord represents the mRNA, and the beads represent the polyribosomes.
  • The beads represent the mRNA, and the black cord represents the polyribosomes.
  • The black cord represents the DNA, and the beads represent the mRNA.
  • The black cord represents the proteins, and the beads represent the DNA polymerase.

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
The most common type of mutation is:
Respuesta
  • Point mutation
  • Insertion mutation
  • Deletion mutation
  • Sharp mutation

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Consider the sentence: THE BAT HAD THE HAT. If this were to be a gene sequence, the sentence that would best represent a deletion mutation would be:
Respuesta
  • THE BAT HAD THE CAT.
  • THE CAT HAD THE HAT.
  • THE BAT ADT HEH AT.
  • THH EBA THA DTH EHA T.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Point mutations can be broken down into three different types. Silent mutations are mutations that [blank_start]do not change the amino acid sequence[blank_end] of the protein. Missense mutations are mutations that [blank_start]do cause changes in the amino acid[blank_end] sequence of the protein. Lastly, Nonsense mutations [blank_start]cause a stop in the amino acid sequence[blank_end] of the protein.
Respuesta
  • do not change the amino acid sequence
  • do cause change in the sequence
  • are not really mutations
  • cause changes in the amino acid
  • do not change the amino acid
  • create a stop in the amino acid
  • cause a stop in the amino acid sequence
  • do not change the amino acid sequence
  • change the amino acid sequence

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Insertion or deletion mutations result in a 'frameshift' mutation that affects all of the following amino acid sequences.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Commonly, patients with sickle cell anemia will not get malaria. This is because:
Respuesta
  • The sickle cells do not carry enough oxygen to be good hosts for the malaria parasite.
  • Malaria and sickle cell anemia affect different regions in the world.
  • Patients with sickle cell anemia do get malaria.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The protein formed from an amino base sequence is determined in sets of:
Respuesta
  • One base.
  • Two bases.
  • Three bases.
  • Four bases.

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The amount of cells produced in the human lifespan is equal to:
Respuesta
  • 10^16
  • 10^14
  • 12^14
  • 12^16

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Lung cancer became a much more prominent issue around the 1920s. This is because:
Respuesta
  • Humans as a species became more vulnerable to cancers of the lung around this time.
  • Cigarettes became more frequently consumed approximately 20 years previous.
  • Lung cancer did not become more prominent around the 1920s.
  • The trend of inhaling helium became more frequent around this time.

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Approximately this many people die from smoking habits in the US each year.
Respuesta
  • 480,000.
  • 120,000.
  • 20,000.
  • 250,000.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States?
Respuesta
  • Prostate cancer.
  • Colon cancer.
  • Breast cancer.
  • Lung cancer.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
In 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency classified tobacco smoke as the most dangerous cancer-causing agent in humans.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Smoking accounts for what percentage of lung cancer cases?
Respuesta
  • 80%.
  • 20%.
  • 50%.
  • 100%.

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
This percentage of all cancer death is due to smoking.
Respuesta
  • 30%.
  • 10%.
  • 80%.
  • 50%.

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Implicatory denial is:
Respuesta
  • Denying reality as a way to avoid uncomfortable questions.
  • Implicating that you're not denying a question when you are.
  • Denying a question by implicating another question.
  • Saying that nicotine is addictive.
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