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Memory

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Psychology
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Test por baach, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Who invented the multi-store model?
Respuesta
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Milgram
  • Shea

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What does the multi-store model suggest?
Respuesta
  • memory consists of a central executive which controls and coordinates the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketch pad.
  • Memory is made up of a series of stores

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the...
Respuesta
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long-term memory

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, after information enters the sensory memory; if attended to this information enters the...
Respuesta
  • short term memory
  • long-term memory
  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad
  • phonological loop

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, if information from the STM is is rehearsed it's transferred to the...
Respuesta
  • sensory memory
  • long-term memory
  • articulatory control process

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, If rehearsal does not occur, then information is...
Respuesta
  • Remembered in STM
  • Forgotten
  • Remembered in LTM

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, what is the duration of sensory memory?
Respuesta
  • 1/4 to 1/2 second
  • 1/5 to 1 second

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
In the multi-store model what is the duration of Short Term Memory?
Respuesta
  • 0-10 seconds
  • 0-18 seconds
  • 5 minutes

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the Short Term Memory?
Respuesta
  • 7 +/- 2 items
  • 10+/-3 items
  • 2+/-3 items

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, how is information encoded in the STM?
Respuesta
  • mainly auditory
  • mainly semantic

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the LTM?
Respuesta
  • Unlimited
  • 100 items
  • 200 items

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, what is the duration of the LTM?
Respuesta
  • 30 minutes
  • Unlimited
  • 4 hours
  • 20 hours

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
In the multi-store model, how is information ended in the LTM?
Respuesta
  • mainly auditory
  • mainly semantic (but can be visual and auditory)

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
What are strengths of the multi-store model?
Respuesta
  • The model can account for primacy & recency effects.
  • Applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The model is influential as it has generated a lot of research into memory.
  • The model makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The model is supported by studies of amnesiacs: For example the HM case study.
  • Supported by dual task studies.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What are weaknesses of the multi-store model?
Respuesta
  • The model is oversimplified, both short-term and long-term memory are more complicated that previously thought.
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does. The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • The model suggests rehearsal helps to transfer information into LTM but this is not essential.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.
  • The models main emphasis was on structure and tends to neglect the process elements of memory (e.g. it only focuses on attention and rehearsal).

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Who invented the working memory model?
Respuesta
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Milgram

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What does the working memory model say?
Respuesta
  • Instead of all information going into one single store, there are different systems for different types of information.
  • Memory is made up of a series of stores.

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What is the Central Executive?
Respuesta
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is the Central Executive?
Respuesta
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Respuesta
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form, used for navigation.
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts
  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What is the phonological loop?
Respuesta
  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number.
  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What was the aim of Baddeley and Hitch's study (1976)?
Respuesta
  • To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.
  • To investigate if people would obey authority and shock people to a harmful shock that would kill them.
  • To investigate if participants can use two parts of their brain at the same time.

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Participants were asked to perform two tasks at the same time (dual task technique) - a digit span task which required them to repeat a list of numbers, and a verbal reasoning task which required them to answer true or false to various questions (e.g. B is followed by A?). Who conducted this experiment?
Respuesta
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Harry Harlow

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
What is the episodic buffer?
Respuesta
  • Acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long term memory and the components of working memory.
  • Linked to speech perception Holds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds.
  • Linked to speech production. Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What are strengths of the working memory model?
Respuesta
  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The HM case study.
  • The KF Case Study.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
What are strengths of the working memory model?
Respuesta
  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.
  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)
  • The HM case study.
  • The KF Case Study.
  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
What are weaknesses of the working memory model?
Respuesta
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.
  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory
  • The model is oversimplified.
  • Neglects the process elements of memory.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
What are weaknesses of the working memory model?
Respuesta
  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.
  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.
  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory
  • The model is oversimplified.
  • Neglects the process elements of memory.
  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Who investigated the capacity of short term memory?
Respuesta
  • Baddeley and Hitch
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin
  • Miller
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