7119106
Descripción
Test por Jack Fawsitt, actualizado hace más de 1 año
|
|
Creado por Jack Fawsitt
hace alrededor de 8 años
|
|
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Motion of condylar joint and example
Respuesta
-
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
-
uniaxial and elbow joint
-
biaxial and elbow joint
-
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
-
multiaxial and stifle joint
Pregunta 2
Respuesta
-
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity
-
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. meniscus 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. fibrous layer 7. joint cavity
-
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. joint cavity 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. Synovial membrane
-
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. meniscus 6. articular cartilage 7. joint cavity
-
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. plasma membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The mature neutrophil in mammalian blood smear can be distinguished from other cells by the presence of at least one very distinctive feature unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits that description?
Respuesta
-
Its relatively small cell size
-
The presence of most lobulated nucleus
-
The presence of granules in its cytoplasm.
-
The absence of granules in its cytoplasm.
-
The eccentric location of the nucleus within the cell.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The mature erythrocyte in a mammalian blood smear can be easily distinguished from all other cells by the presence of one of the most distinctive features unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits this description?
Respuesta
-
The absence of a nucleus.
-
The presence of a lobulated nucleus
-
Basophilic staining
-
The presence of granules.
-
By very small numbers of this cell type in the blood smear
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which one of the following five histological features best characterizes the loose connective tissue?
Respuesta
-
Lack of much ground substance
-
Abundance of collagen fibres
-
Abundance of ground substance
-
Abundance of elastic fibres
-
Abundance of reticular fibres
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which one of the following five features best characterizes the stratified squamous epithelium?
Respuesta
-
Cells in all layers are squamous in shape and size.
-
Only cells in deeper layers are squamous in shape and size.
-
Cells in basal layers are cuboidal.
-
Only cells in superficial layers are squamous in shape and size.
-
Cells in basal layers are columnar.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Some animals in a herd of cattle may suffer from myophosphorylase deficiency. Which of the following five laboratory tests would best confirm your diagnosis?
Respuesta
-
histochemical test myophosphorylase activity
-
Haematoxylin & Eosin stain
-
Electron microscopic analysis
-
in situ hybridisation for myophosphorylase enzyme
-
immunohistochemical test for myophosphorylase protein
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following correctly explains the mechanism by which a change in intracellular calcium concentration enables muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?
Respuesta
-
Calcium enters the fibre via T tubules and binds to troponin C
-
Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induces a conformational change in the tropomyosin-troponin complex
-
Calcium activates the ATPase enzyme on the myosin head
-
Calcium is taken up into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by an ATPase pump and then binds to the ryanodine receptor which activates actin
-
Cell membrane depolarisation activates a sodium –calcium exchanger which induces the power stroke by enhancing metabolism of ADP
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following is a correct definition of a motor unit?
Respuesta
-
A motor neurone and the muscle fibres it innervates
-
All muscle fibres of the same fibre type
-
Muscle fibres within a single fascicle
-
A sarcomere
-
A single muscle fibre
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following statements below concerning these two muscles is correct, assuming they are both of equal volume ?
Respuesta
-
Muscle A contracts at a slower rate than muscle B
-
Muscle B can generate a higher amount of force than muscle A.
-
Muscle A can generate a higher amount of force than muscle B.
-
Muscles such as A tend to be associated with long elastic energy storing tendons
-
Muscle B is more powerful than muscle A
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Complete the following sentence with the best match from below. “The mechanism by which horses protract their limbs…..”
Respuesta
-
Involves the brachiocephalicus muscle
-
Involves muscles that can contract to produce high amounts of muscle power
-
Uses elastic energy storage during stance in order to increase the shortening rate of the muscle- tendon unit during swing
-
Uses elastic energy storage to ensure limb protraction does not require large amounts of energy
-
Differs from that of other fast cursors
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The fascicles that form the hierarchical structure of tendon and ligaments are composed mainly of
Respuesta
-
Endotenon
-
Proteoglycans
-
Collagen type I
-
Crimp pattern
-
Collagen type III
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The graph below shows a typical stress-strain relationship for a tendon loaded to failure. The area under the curve (shown by vertical lines) represents
Respuesta
-
Heat loss with loading
-
Heat gain with loading
-
Stiffness of the tissue
-
Energy to failure of the tissue
-
Energy produced in total
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
In which layer of the epidermis are melanocyte cell bodies usually present in pigmented skin?
Respuesta
-
S. corneum
-
s. basale
-
S. lucidum
-
s. granulosum
-
s. spinosum
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which statement best describes the sebaceous gland?
Respuesta
-
Cells exhibit holocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
-
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
-
Cells exhibit apocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
-
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
-
Cells exhibit holocrine excretion and gland opens on to skin surface
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following best describes changes in chondrocyte behaviour during the endochondral ossification process?
Respuesta
-
Resting, maturation, proliferation, hypertrophy and death
-
Resting, proliferation, maturation, hypertrophy and death
-
Resting, hypertrophy, proliferation, maturation and death
-
Resting, proliferation, hypertrophy, maturation and death
-
Resting, maturation, hypertrophy, proliferation and death
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following best describes the relative abundance of these components in fresh articular cartilage?
Respuesta
-
Water > type II collagen > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
-
Water > proteoglycan > type II collagen > hyaluronan
-
Type II collagen > water > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
-
Proteoglycan > water > type II collagen > hyaluronan
-
Hyaluronan > water > proteoglycan > type II collagen
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The predominant collagen fibre type in hyaline cartilage and bone are, respectively:
Respuesta
-
III and II
-
II and III
-
I and II
-
II and I
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water?
Water
Collagens
Proteoglycans
Chondrocytes
Other proteins
Respuesta
-
Collagen
-
Chondrocytes
-
Proteoglycan
-
Other
-
None of the above
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
A neurone:
Respuesta
-
has the capacity of self – replication by mitotic cell division
-
has Nissl substance distributed uniformly throughout the cell body
-
always presents multiple dendrites, which are of a branched pattern
-
always presents one single axone, which is branched in tree-like fashion termination
-
has a single axone process which may measure up to a metre or more in length
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following are not correctly paired in terms of structure and function?
Respuesta
-
Neurilemmal cell/myelination of axone processes in peripheral nervous system
-
Astrocyte/blood-brain barrier
-
Satellite cell/lining of cavities (ventricles) of brain
-
Oligodendrocyte/myelination of axone processes in central nervous system
-
Microglia/phagocytosis
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A synapse:
Respuesta
-
occurs between one neurone and another neurone or multiple neurones and always results in excitation of these
-
involves a synaptic delay of approximately 0.5 – 1.0 milliseconds
-
occurs between one neurone and muscle tissue and can only result in excitation of the muscle tissue
-
is always mediated by acetylcholine
-
involves a partial fusion of cell membranes
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
A ganglion:
Respuesta
-
can occur in CNS or PNS
-
is always a collection of cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurones
-
is always a collection of cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurones
-
is always a site of synapse
-
may be large enough to see at naked-eye level
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The navicular bone:
Respuesta
-
is otherwise termed the proximal sesamoid bone
-
lies within the deep digital flexor tendon
-
articulates with both the middle and distal phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joint
-
is palpable at the bulbs of the heel
-
is attached proximally to the distal divisions of the suspensory ligament
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A ”low palmar digital nerve block” in the forelimb:
Respuesta
-
blocks nerve fibres derived from only the median nerve.
-
desensitises ALL structures within the hoof
-
is performed midway between the fetlock joint and the coronary band
-
involves blocking the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves
-
is a “4 point” block
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Coactivation is the stimulation of lower motoneurons by the upper motor neurons resulting into.
Respuesta
-
Activation of gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres
-
Activation of alpha motoneurons to intrafusal fibres
-
Activation of both alpha and gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres and intrafusal fibres respectively.
-
Activation on gamma motoneurons causing the muscle spindles to relax.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
In crossed-extensor reflex sensory inputs are relayed to the spinal cord and to the interneurons. The interneurons respond by sending inhibitory and facilitatory motor response:
Respuesta
-
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side relax.
-
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side relax and flexor muscles contract.
-
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side to contract.
-
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side contract and flexor muscles to relax.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Motion of hinge joint and example
Respuesta
-
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
-
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
-
multtaxial and shoulder joint
-
uniaxial and elbow joint
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Motion of ball and socket joint and example
Respuesta
-
uniaxial and elbow joint
-
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
-
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
-
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Motion of plane joint and example
Respuesta
-
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
-
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
-
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
-
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Motion of elipsoidal joint and example
Respuesta
-
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
-
biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
-
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
-
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Motion of pivot joint and example
Respuesta
-
biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
-
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
-
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
-
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Motion of saddle joint and example
Respuesta
-
biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
-
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
-
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
-
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Define the joint cavity structure
Respuesta
-
A plate of fibrocartilage
-
space unique to synovial joint
-
inner lining of fibrous layer
-
A structure found in only elastic cartilage
-
A structure found in only friborus cartilage
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The synovial membrane is highly vascularised
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What is the meniscus
Respuesta
-
plate of elastic cartilage
-
sesamoid bone
-
plate of fibrocartilage
-
phagocytic cells found in bone
-
a ligament
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What does the meniscus partially or fully divide
Respuesta
-
a joint cavity
-
a tendon at its insertion site
-
blood vessels and bone
-
articular cartiulage
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is the fibrous layer in joints
Respuesta
-
a layer of bone
-
white/yellow elastic fibrous part of joint capsule which attaches to the periosteum
-
a layer of cartilage
-
substance made up of type 3 collagen
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is the periosteum structurally?
Respuesta
-
form of hyaline cartilage
-
a segment of primary osteon
-
the extracellular matrix of bone
-
fibrous covering around bone
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What best describes the function of the periosteum?
Respuesta
-
Articulation surface between joints
-
Bone growth, repair, nutrition, ligament/tendon attachment
-
a structure to allow endochondral ossification
-
a reservoir for osteoblast cells
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is the major constituent of tendon?
Respuesta
-
water
-
type 2 collagen
-
type 1 collagen
-
proteoglycans
-
hyaluronic acid
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The types of cartilaginous joints
Respuesta
-
synchondrosis and symphysis
-
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
-
sutures, syndesmoses, symphysis and gomphosis
-
symphysis and syndesmoses
-
synchondrosis and gomphosis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which one of these is not typically present in synovial fluid?
Respuesta
-
water
-
hyaluronic acid
-
glycoproteins
-
surface active phospholids
-
Type A mononuclear leukocytes
-
Glucose and electrolytes
-
Platelets
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The types of dense fibrous joints
Respuesta
-
synchondrosis and symphysis
-
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
-
sutures and synchondrosis
-
Gomphosis, synchondrosis and symphysis
-
Gomphosis, synchondrosis , syndesmoses and symphysis
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What cells produce synovial fluid
Respuesta
-
type A fibroblasts
-
chondrocytes
-
type B fibroblasts
-
osteoblasts
-
erythrocytes
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
How many chondrocytes are found in lacunae
Respuesta
-
1
-
5
-
2-4 (usually in pairs)
-
6
-
none
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Define Wolff's law
Respuesta
-
bone will arrange randomly
-
bone only arranges in places it is needed
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Describe remodelling
Respuesta
-
bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoblasts
-
only osteoblast depositon
-
only osteoclast resorption
-
bone resorption by osteoblasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoclasts
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Describe modelling
Respuesta
-
the degradation of bone
-
a process to arrange collagen firbres
-
the growth of bone and change in bone shape due to bone deposition and or resporption
-
osteoblast and osteoclast activity to repair fatigue damage but no change in bone shape
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What does intramembranous ossification form
Respuesta
-
flat bones and skulls
-
bones with articulations
-
cartilage
-
mesenchyme
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
what best describes the process of intramembranous ossification
Respuesta
-
direct replacement of mesenchyme with bone
-
the formation of new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
-
the generation of bone by osteoblast cells
-
only occurs to repair fatigue damage
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What do primary and secondary osteons form
Respuesta
-
new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
-
bone
-
cartilage
-
blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
-
articulations
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
what cells are involved in primary osteons
Respuesta
-
osteoblasts
-
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
-
osteoclasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes
-
osteoclasts
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
where does primary osteons form
Respuesta
-
surface of bone generating smooth channels
-
fibrocartilage
-
pre-existing bone from inside
-
surface of hyaline cartilage
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
What cells are involved in secondary osteons
Respuesta
-
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
-
osteoblasts
-
osteoclasts
-
chondrocytes
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
where does secondary osteons take place
Respuesta
-
pre-existing bone from inside
-
surface of bone and smooth
-
cartilage
-
blood vessels
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
What shape are osteoblasts and where are they present
Respuesta
-
simple cells with bone extracellular matrix
-
multinuclear cells on surface of bone
-
squamous cells on surface of bone
-
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Function of osteoblasts
Respuesta
-
secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
-
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
-
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Shape of osteoclasts and where they are present
Respuesta
-
multinuclear cells on surface of bone
-
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone
-
simple cells within bone extracellular matrix
-
squamous cells on surface of bone
-
multinuclear cells bone extracellular matrix
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Function of osteoclasts
Respuesta
-
secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
-
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
-
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Function of osteocytes
Respuesta
-
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts
-
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
-
secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
What best describe tendons functional organisation of collagen
Respuesta
-
crimp structure
-
chain structure
-
elongated fibers running parrallel
-
random arrangement
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Where are tenocytes located?
Respuesta
-
blood plasma
-
elongated in chains between collage fibres
-
adipose tissue
-
CNS
-
PNS
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Collagen synthesis involves?
Respuesta
-
triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
-
double helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
-
triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as collagen
-
procollagen and glycosylated into collagen
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Work=?
Respuesta
-
force x time
-
force x distance and power x time
-
distance/ force
-
power x distance
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Power=?
Respuesta
-
work / time
-
force x distance
-
time x force
-
distance x work
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
What do short fibers at an angle increase
Respuesta
-
physiological cross sectional area
-
tension
-
strength
-
power
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Best description for large moment arms
Respuesta
-
low force to lift larger loads with small motion and lower velocity
-
large force required to lift larger loads with large motion with high velocity
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Best description for small moment arms
Respuesta
-
large force required to lift larger loads with large motion and high velocity
-
lower force required to lift larger loads with small motion and low velocity
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The name for muscle cells
Respuesta
-
muscle fibre
-
myofibrils
-
myofilaments
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What process involves the formation of syncitical structure formed by union of several embyonic myoblast cells which fuse to form a multinuclear cells
Respuesta
-
Myogenesis
-
Muscle cell atrophy
-
Sarcomere increase
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The properties of a cardiac cell
Respuesta
-
Uninucleated
-
Branched
-
Central nuclei
-
All of the answers
-
Striated
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which one of these properties would not be attributed to smooth muscle cells
Respuesta
-
Branched
-
Central nuclei
-
Uninucleated
-
Unicellular
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Which one of these properties are not attributed to skeletal muscle cells
Respuesta
-
Striated
-
Multicellular
-
Nuclei at periphery
-
Central nuceli
-
Multinuclear
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
What is the excitatory neurotransmitter of skeletal muscle
Respuesta
-
acetylcholine
-
somatostatin
-
GABA
-
histamine
-
tryptamine
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
The muscle cells which are slow oxidative with low myosin ATPase activity, fatigue resistant, high oxidative ability and stain light
Respuesta
-
Type 1 muscle fibres
-
Type 2a muscle fibres
-
Type 2b muscle fibres
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
The muscle cells which have high myosin ATPase activity, high oxidative and glycolytic capacity
Respuesta
-
Type 2a muscle fibres
-
Type 1 muscle fibres
-
Type 2b muscle fibres
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
The muscle cells with high myosin ATPase activity, high glycolytic ability, fatigue easily and stain dark
Respuesta
-
Type 2b muscle fibres
-
Type 2a muscle fibres
-
Type 1 muscle fibres
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Alpha dystroglycan and integrins are molecules involved with
Respuesta
-
endomysium to muscle fibre cytoskeleton
-
epimysium to perimysium
-
endomysium to perimyium
-
epimysium to fascia
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
The innervation ratio of muscles is best described as?
Respuesta
-
the number of muscle fibres innervated by a single motor unit
-
the contractile force generated from a singular molar of neurotransmitter
-
the concentration of neurotransmitter required for contraction
-
the total number of depolarization of a motor neuron to induce contraction of muscle fibres
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
In the sarcomere structure where are thick filaments PRIMARILY myosin found
Respuesta
-
A band
-
I band
-
H band
-
Z line
-
M line
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
In the sarcomere structure where are thin filaments primarily actin located
Respuesta
-
I band
-
A band
-
H band
-
Z line
-
M line
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
In the sarcomere structure where is ONLY myosin located
Respuesta
-
H band
-
A band
-
I band
-
Z line
-
M line
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Where in the sarcomere is the end region containing alpha actinin
Respuesta
-
Z line
-
A band
-
H band
-
I band
-
M line
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
In the sacromere where are the protein filaments which anchor thick filaments during contraction?
Respuesta
-
M line
-
Z line
-
H band
-
I band
-
A band
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Titin is the largest protein in the body.
What is its function in muscle contraction?
Respuesta
-
A molecular spring responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle
-
Responsible for anchoring thick filaments during muscle contraction
-
A catabolic enzyme responsible for muscle atrophy
-
A anabolic enzyme responsible for muscle hypertrophy
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Which description best describes the sliding filament theory
Respuesta
-
shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
-
lengthening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
-
shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thick filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
What description best describes the cross bridge cycle?
Respuesta
-
without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur
-
with ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP disscoiates from myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP binds causing power stroke to occur
-
without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, Calcium binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
What is the Ca2+ concentration required for muscle contraction?
Respuesta
-
10-6 M
-
10-9 M
-
10-7 M
-
10-6 mM
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Where is Ca2+ stored for muscle contraction
Respuesta
-
sarcoplasmic reticulum
-
sarcoplasma
-
T tubules
-
mitochondria
-
lysosomes
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
DHP receptors changing leading to opening of Ryanodine receptors is due to what?
Respuesta
-
T tubules conducting an action potential affects what receptors
-
Calcium entering cytoplasm from sarcoplasmic reticulum
-
Movement of the tropomyosin complex
-
Osteoblast activity
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Ca2+ released into sarcoplasm occurs by...? (pick the most direct cause)
Respuesta
-
The opening of Ryanodine receptors causes what
-
T tubules conducting action potentials
-
tropomyosin complex movement
-
Satellite cells fusing into muscle fibers
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
What is the effect of Ca2+ in muscle?
Respuesta
-
binding to troponin C causing tropomyosin complex to move and expose binding sites on actin
-
T tubules conducting action potentials
-
muscle relaxation
-
DHP receptors change which opens Ryanodine receptors
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
What is osteoporosis?
Respuesta
-
Bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
-
bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
-
Monotonic failure of bone
-
process of fatigue repair in bone
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Genetic mutation in CA2 gene can cause
Respuesta
-
osteopetrosis
-
osteoporosis
-
muscle atrophy
-
muscle dysplasia
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Describe osteopetrosis
Respuesta
-
bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
-
bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
-
Montonic failure of bone
-
Muscle dysplasia
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Which muscle fibers will undergo hypertrophy twice as fast
Respuesta
-
Type 2
-
Type 1
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Muscle size increase by increase of what?
Respuesta
-
the number of sarcomeres
-
the number of muscle fibers
-
the number of satellite cells
-
increase in the rate of myogenesis
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
From left to right label the neuron cell type
Respuesta
-
multipolar, bipolar, pseudo unipolar
-
bipolar, multipolar, pseudo unipolar
-
pseudo unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
-
multipolar, pseudo unipolar, bipolar
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
The Na/K pump pumps how many Na+ out and K+in
Respuesta
-
3 Na+ out 2 K+ in
-
2 Na+ out 3 K+ in
-
3 Na+ out 3 K+ in
-
3 Na+ out 1 K+ in
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
The resting membrane potential value
Respuesta
-
-70mV
-
-55mV
-
+30mV
-
-75mV
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Threshold of depolarisation for Na+ channels to open
Respuesta
-
-55mV
-
-70mV
-
+30mV
-
-75mV
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Value of depolarisation for K+ channels to open and cause repolarisation
Respuesta
-
+30mV
-
-70mV
-
-75mV
-
-55mV
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
How is hyperpolarisaion of -75mV commonly known as the refractory period restored the the resting membrane potential
Respuesta
-
action of Na/K pump
-
passive diffusion of Na and K
-
naturally overtime
-
the intake of Calcium ions
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
The cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system
Respuesta
-
Schwann cells
-
Oligodendrocytes
-
Satellite cells
-
Neuroglia
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
The cells responsible for myelination in the central nervous system
Respuesta
-
Oligodendrocytes
-
Schwann cells
-
Neuroglial cells
-
Satellite cells
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
Action potentials only occurring at the nodes of ranvier is known as?
Respuesta
-
Saltatory conduction
-
Saltatory convection
-
Salivatory conduction
-
Neurogenic conduction
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
Which one of these is NOT involved with neurotransmitter release?
Respuesta
-
action potentials reaches axon terminal, voltage gated Ca2+ channels open
-
Ca2+ binds to sensor proteins in cytoplasm,
-
Ca2+ protein complex stimulates docking, fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitter
-
Lysomome degradation of neurotransmitter granules
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
The effects of excitatory neurotransmitters
Respuesta
-
Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
-
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
-
Activation of Na/K pump
-
Hyperpolarisation
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
The effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters
Respuesta
-
Activation of Na/K pump
-
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
-
Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
-
Depolarization of cell membrane
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
Alpha motor neurons stimulate what
Respuesta
-
extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
-
intrafusal fibres the muscle spindles
-
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
-
xtrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
Gamma motor neurons stimulate what
Respuesta
-
intrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
-
extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
-
extrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
-
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
What do muscle spindles consist of
Respuesta
-
intrafusal fibres
-
nuclear bag
-
nuclear chain
-
All of the answers
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
Primary annulospiral and secondary flower spray sensory neurons serve what?
Respuesta
-
the intrafusal fibers
-
the extrfusal fibers
-
interneurons
-
Bipolar neurons
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
What do primary annulospiral sensory neurons respond to and where are they located
Respuesta
-
respond to onset of strecth and are located centrally
-
respond to onset of strecth and are located peripherally
-
respond to onset of flexion and are located centrally
-
respond to onset of pain and are located centrally
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
What do secondary flower spray sensory neurons respond to and where are they located
Respuesta
-
respond to tonic stretch and are located at the poles
-
respond to tonic stretch and are located at centrally
-
respond to tonic stretch and are located at the peripherally
-
respond to pain and are located at the poles
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
Which one of these describes the golgi tendon reflex?
Respuesta
-
disynaptic reflex which inhibits alpha motor neurons
-
monosynaptic reflex which stimulates alpha motor neurons
-
monosynaptic reflex which stimulates gamma motor neurons
-
disynaptic reflex which inhibits gamma motor neurons
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
Which one of these describes the muscle spindle reflex?
Respuesta
-
monosynaptic reflex which stimulates alpha motor neurons
-
disynaptic reflex which inhibits alpha motor neurons
-
disynaptic reflex which inhibits gamma motor neurons
-
monosynaptic reflex which stimulates gamma motor neurons
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
Which structure is NOT part of the Triosseal canal?
Respuesta
-
scapula
-
coracoid
-
clavicle
-
humerus
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
Hollow bones are known as what
Respuesta
-
Trabecular bone
-
pneumatised bone
-
osteoporotic bone
-
osteopetrotic bone
¿Quieres crear tus propios Tests gratis con GoConqr? Más información.