7197213
Descripción
Test por Jack Fawsitt, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Jack Fawsitt
hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Cortisol inhibition of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion is an example of?
Respuesta
-
paracine action
-
endocrine action
-
autocrine action
-
neurocrine action
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The anterior pituitary receives hypothalamic input via:
Respuesta
-
the hypothalamo-physio-portal blood system
-
nervous innervation
-
paracrine inhibition by the pars nervosa
-
neurocrine stimulation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) occurs within:
Respuesta
-
thyrotroph cells
-
C cells
-
thyroglobulin
-
mitochondria
-
thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following symptoms might be observed in a patient with an activating mutation in the adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) receptor?:
Respuesta
-
decreased prolactin secretion
-
elevated cortisol production
-
absent Synacthen response
-
Bothelevated cortisol production and absent Synacthen response
-
Both decreased prolactin secretion and absent Synacthen response
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Gonadectomy (removal of either testes or ovaries) would result in:
Respuesta
-
elevated gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) production
-
elevated luteinising hormone production (LH)
-
gonadotroph hyperplasia
-
All of the possible answers
-
None of these answers
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Prostaglandins normally exert their biological effects via:
Respuesta
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nuclear hormone receptors
-
tyrosine kinase receptors
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immunoglobulin receptors
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ion channels
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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Mutations in the Pit-1 gene could cause disruption in the development of:
Respuesta
-
somatotroph and thyrotroph cells
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pancreatic b cells
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gonadotroph and thyrotroph cells
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somatostatin neurons
-
pancreatic a cells
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The processing of which two peptide hormones requires the proconvertase enzymes, PC1 and PC2?:
Respuesta
-
insulin and adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)
-
insulin and prolactin
-
prolactin and somatostatin
-
ACTH and prolactin
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prolactin and growth hormone (GH)
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What binds to unoccupied glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) to prevent their translocation to the nucleus?:
Respuesta
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heat shock proteins
-
lipid molecules
-
mineralocorticoids
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other unoccupied GRs
-
unoccupied mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs)
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What confounding issue renders the measurement of circulating cortisol inconclusive?:
Respuesta
-
cortisol is secreted at different levels throughout the day
-
the presence of binding proteins
-
thyroxine cross-reacts in the cortisol radioimmunoassay
-
insufficient concentrations of cortisol are secreted for accurate measurement
-
the absence of binding proteins
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The major physiological regulator of aldosterone synthesis and secretion is:
Respuesta
-
the renin-angiotensin system
-
catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla
-
oestradiol
-
cortisol
-
calcium excretion
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Mutations in the orphan nuclear receptor Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene can cause:
Respuesta
-
absent renal development
-
absent pancreatic development
-
elevated luteinising hormone (LH) secretion
-
decreased PRL secretion
-
absent adrenal development
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which two of the following peptide hormones are composed of less than 15 amino acids in their mature form?
Respuesta
-
insulin and growth hormone (GH)
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GnRH and TRH
-
thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and GH
-
GH and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
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GnRH and insulin
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
A receptor that couples to a Gas G-protein will directly activate:
Respuesta
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tyrosine kinase activity
-
protein kinase G
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adenylyl cyclase activity
-
protein kinase C
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none of the above
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene encodes which of the following peptide hormones?:
Respuesta
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adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)
-
melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
-
aMSH
-
all of the answers
-
b-Endorphin
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The range of temperatures in a species preferred optimum temperature zone (POTZ) is essential in the captive environment because:
Respuesta
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reptiles are homeothermic
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not all systems function optimally at the same temperature
-
reptiles are endothermic
-
males need a lower temperature for spermatogenesis
-
higher temperatures are necessary for hormone production
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Amphibians are considered to be ‘cold-blooded’ because the major influence on their body temperate is external. However this term is inappropriate and amphibians should be defined as:
Respuesta
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Poikilothermic
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Endothermic
-
Homeothermic
-
Warm-blooded
-
Homothermic
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What makes up the posterior pituitary?
Respuesta
-
Pars nervosa known as the neurohypophysis
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Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the adenohypophysis
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Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the neurphypophysis
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Pars nervosa known as the adenohypophysis
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What makes up the anterior pituitary?
Respuesta
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Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the adenohypophysis
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Pars nervosa known as the neurohypophysis
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Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the neurohypophysis
-
Pars nervosa known as the adenohypophysis
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
From what germ cell layers does the pars distalis and pars nervosa develop from respectively?
Respuesta
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Ectoderm and neuro-ectoderm
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Neuro-ectoderm and ectoderm
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Mesoderm only
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Endoderm only
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The adrenal gland releases aldosterone from which zona?
Respuesta
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Zona glomerulosa
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Zona fasciculata
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Zona reticularis
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Adrena medulla
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The adrenal gland secretes cortisol primarily from which zone?
Respuesta
-
Zona fasciiculata
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Zona glomerulosa
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Zone reticularis
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Adrenal medulla
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The adrenal gland secretes the adrenal androgens from which zone?
Respuesta
-
Zona reticularis
-
Zona glomerulosa
-
Zona fasciculata
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Adrenal medulla
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine from which zone?
Respuesta
-
Adrenal medulla
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Zona glomerulosa
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Zona fasciculata
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Zona reticularis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which chain in the glycoprotein peptide hormones are identical?
Respuesta
-
Alpha subunits
-
Beta subunits
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which class of steroids is cortisol and aldosterone?
Respuesta
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Corticosteroids (C21)
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Progestagens (C21)
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Androgens (C19)
-
Oestrogens (C18)
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The cholesterol enter mitochondria during steroid biosynthetic pathway from action of...?
Respuesta
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StAR (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)
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Steroidogenic Factor 1
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Heat shock proteins
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cAMP
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which hormones are derived from tyrosine?
Respuesta
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Adrenaline and noradrenaline
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Dopamine
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T3/T4
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All of the above
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which lipid soluble hormone(s) exert their effects on plasma membrane receptor?
Respuesta
-
Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes (the Eicosanoids)
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T3/T4
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Cortisol
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Aldosterone
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) and Cortisol (Glucocorticoids) are structurally similar and so can bind to each other's receptors.
How is this overcome?
Respuesta
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11 beta hydroxyl steroid D enzyme converts cortisol to inactive cortisone which won't activate the aldosterone receptor
-
11 beta hydroxyl steroid D enzyme converts aldosterone to inactive aldostisone which won't activate the cortisol receptor
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The anabolic actions of cortisol involves what and occurs where?
Respuesta
-
Glycogenesis, gluconeogeneis and protein synthesis in the liver
-
Glycogenesis, gluconeogeneis and protein synthesis in muscle and fat cells
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The catabolic actions of cortisol involve what and occur where?
Respuesta
-
Protein breakdown and lipolyis in muscle and fat cells
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Protein breakdown and lipolyis in brain
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Dexamethazone is used to test?
Inhibits ACTH from anterior pituitary and CRH from hypothalamus.
Respuesta
-
Primary hyperadrenocorticism
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Primary Hyperaldosteronism
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Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
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Corticotrophenioma tumour
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Where are these hormones secreted from?
Oxytocin and ADH
Respuesta
-
Posterior pituitary
-
Anterior pituitary
-
Hypothalamus
-
Adrenal gland
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Thyroid
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Where are these hormones secreted from?
LH & FSH, GH, TSH, Prolactin and ACTH
Respuesta
-
Anterior pituitary hormone
-
Posterior pituitary hormone
-
Hypothalamus
-
Thyroid
-
Adrenal gland
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Out of all the hypothalmus hormone secretions which one is the only one classed as catecholamine hormone whilst all the others are peptide?
Respuesta
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Dopamine
-
GnRH
-
GHRH
-
SST
-
TRH
-
CRH
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The hormones of hypothalamus all act on GPCR.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The posterior pituitary has no neural connections with hypothalamus and so hormones from the hypothalamus are transported via the hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which hormone below is NOT released from the thyroid gland?
Respuesta
-
Calcitonin
-
Tri-iodothryonine
-
Thyroxine
-
PTH
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which one of these transcription factors is involved with thyroid development?
Respuesta
-
Pax8
-
Foxe1
-
All the answers
-
Hhex
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The thyroid hormones are regulated to increase their activity by?
Respuesta
-
Phosphorylation
-
Sumoylation- binding sumoproteins to to the nuclear thyroid receptors
-
Increased secretion
-
Increased binding to thyroid binding proteins
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The thyroid hormones are regulated to decrease their activity by?
Respuesta
-
Phosphorylation
-
Sumoylation- binding sumoproeins to nuclear thyroid hormones
-
Decreased secretion
-
Increased binding to thyroid binding proteins
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
IgG binding to or near TSH receptors causing an increase in cAMP activating TSH signalling leading to hyperthyroidism is known as what?
Respuesta
-
Graves' disease
-
Hashimoto's disease
-
Addison's disease
-
Cushing's syndrome
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Thyroid hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration leading to loss of thyroid function leading to Hypothyroidism is known as what?
Respuesta
-
Grave's disease
-
Hashimoto's disease
-
Cushing's syndrome
-
Addison's disease
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Heat produced from metabolism:
Respuesta
-
Endothermy
-
Homeothermy
-
Tachmetabolism
-
Ectothermy
-
Heterothermy/ poikilothermy
-
Bradymetabolism
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Constant body temperature:
Respuesta
-
Homeothermy
-
Endothermy
-
Tachmetabolism
-
Ectothermy
-
Heterothermy/poikilothermy
-
Bradymetabolism
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
High metabolism:
Respuesta
-
Tachmetabolism
-
Endothermy
-
Homeothermy
-
Ectothermy
-
Heterothermy/poikilothermy
-
Bradymetabolism
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Heat from exogenous sources:
Respuesta
-
Ectothermy
-
Endothermy
-
Homeothermy
-
Tachmetabolism
-
Heterothermy/poikilothermy
-
Bradymetabolism
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Body temperature fluctuates:
Respuesta
-
Heterothermy/poikilothermy
-
Endothermy
-
Homeothermy
-
Tachmetabolism
-
Ectothermy
-
Bradymetabolism
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Low metabolism:
Respuesta
-
Bradymetabolism
-
Ectothermy
-
Heterothermy/poikilothermy
-
Endothermy
-
Homeothermy
-
Tachmetabolism
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Whats the one main advantage Heterothermy/poikilothermys have over homeothermias?
Respuesta
-
Need to eat less often
-
Longer duration of activity
-
Can perform actions throughout different times of day
-
Protection against infection as it is too hot for many pathogens such as fungi
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Stress leukogram blood test for someone with high cortisol will show what?
Respuesta
-
High neutrophils, low esoinophils, low lymphocytes and High platelets
-
Low neutrophils, low esoinophils, low lymphocytes and low platelets
-
High neutrophils, high esoinophils, low lymphocytes and low platelets
-
High neutrophils, low esoinophils, high lymphocytes and low platelets
-
High neutrophils, high esoinophils, high lymphocytes and high platelets
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