7239533
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
[blank_start]Diabetes Mellitus (DM)[blank_end] is actually a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia which results from defect in secretion of insulin, action of insulin, or both
Respuesta
-
Diabetes
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What counterregulatory hormones are responsible for the decrease in insulin release when blood glucose levels drop? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
Glucagon
-
growth hormone
-
glucocorticoids
-
epinephrine
-
thyroid hormone
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
[blank_start]DDP-IV[blank_end] enzymes are responsible for the break down of gut incretins GLP-1 and GIP.
Respuesta
-
DPP-IV
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Insulin is secreted from ___________.
Respuesta
-
alpha cells
-
beta cells
-
gamma cells
-
delta cells
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What would you check to see if a person is in fact making insulin?
Respuesta
-
preproinsulin
-
proinsulin
-
C peptide
Pregunta 6
Respuesta
-
GLUT
-
potassium
-
depolarization
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Meal ingestion causes the rapid release of insulin and [blank_start]amylin[blank_end] from the pancreas.
Respuesta
-
amylin
-
proinsulin
-
c peptide
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Type 1 DM is the abosulte deficiecny of amylin and insuilin.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an effect of amylin?
Respuesta
-
increases rate of gastric emptying
-
inhibits glucagon
-
reduces gastric emptying
-
induces post-prandial satiety
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In glucose homeostasis, 40% of gluconeogeneiss occurs in the [blank_start]kidneys[blank_end] and reabsoprtion of glucose occurs in the [blank_start]proximal tubule[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
kidneys
-
proximal tubule
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Fill in the blanks with appropriate values used to diagnose a patient with PRE-DIABETES according to ADA guidelines?
FPG/IFG: [blank_start]100-125mg/dL[blank_end]
2-hr OGTT/IGT: [blank_start]140-199mg/dL[blank_end]
A1c: [blank_start]5.7% - 6.4%[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
50-100mg/dL
-
100-125mg/dL
-
150-200mg/dL
-
200-225mg/dL
-
100-125mg/dL
-
140-199mg/dL
-
220=250mg/dL
-
5.7% - 6.4%
-
7% -7.5%
-
8% - 8.5%
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
β-cell destruction usually leading to absolute insulin and amylin deficiency.
Respuesta
-
Type 1 DM
-
Type 2 DM
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
“Progressive insulin secretory defect (β-cell dysfunction) on the background of insulin resistance.
Respuesta
-
Type 1 DM
-
Type 2 DM
-
Gestational DM
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that IS NOT clearly overt diabetes
Respuesta
-
Type 1 DM
-
Type 2 DM
-
Gestational Diabetes
Pregunta 15
Respuesta
-
< 30 years
-
> 30 years
-
abrupt
-
gradual
-
lean
-
obese or history of obesity
-
present
-
absent
-
rarely present
-
often present
-
often asymptomatic
-
symptomatic
-
absent
-
present
-
immediate
-
years after diagnosis
-
HHS
-
DKA
-
Yes
-
No
-
Rare
-
Common
-
< 30 years
-
> 30 years
-
abrupt
-
gradual
-
obese or history of obesity
-
lean
-
absent
-
present
-
often present
-
rarely present
-
symptomatic
-
often asymptomatic
-
present
-
absent
-
immediate
-
years after diagnosis
-
DKA
-
HHS
-
NO
-
Common
-
rare
-
common
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following below are symptoms of HYPERglycemia? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
polydipsia
-
polyuria
-
polyphagia
-
dry skin
-
blurry vision
-
drowsy
-
slow healing wounds
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
During pregnanacy, the placenta can produce hormones that contribute to insulin resistance.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes;
(1) A1C > [blank_start]6.5[blank_end]%
(2) FPG > [blank_start]126[blank_end] mg/dL
(3) 2-hr PG > [blank_start]200[blank_end] mg/dL after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Respuesta
-
126
-
200
-
6.5
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Acanthosis Nigricans is associated with ....
Respuesta
-
Type 1 DM
-
Type 2 DM
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Children with BMI precentile of [blank_start]85[blank_end] or greater should be considered for screening for T2DM
Respuesta
-
85
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
When should pregnant women without overt DM should be screeened for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Respuesta
-
15-20 weeeks
-
20-22 weeks
-
24-28 weeks
-
30-33 weeks
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Gestational diabetes mellitus should be tested for a second time 2-3 weeks post partum.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following are complications of DM in pregnancy (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
gestational HTN
-
Preecalmpsia
-
Gestational HYPOtension
-
infections
-
ketoacidosis
-
polyhrdramnios
-
preterm labor
-
seizures
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Fill in the appropriate values for the ACOG: Carpenter and Coustan 100mg OGTT 3hr (mg/dL) which is used in the diagnosis of GDM.
Fasting: [blank_start]95[blank_end]
1 hour: [blank_start]180[blank_end]
2 hours: [blank_start]155[blank_end]
3 hours: [blank_start]140[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
95
-
180
-
155
-
140
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What are the glycemic goal for patients with GDM and preexisting DM?
(1) Fasting less than or equal to [blank_start]95[blank_end] mg/dL
(2) 1-hr PP less than or equal to [blank_start]140[blank_end] mg/dL
(3) 2-hr PP less than or equal to [blank_start]120[blank_end] mg/dL
Respuesta
-
95
-
140
-
120
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
During pregnancy an A1C of [blank_start]6-6.5[blank_end] % is the reccomeneded target in the second and third trimester but < [blank_start]6[blank_end] % may be optimal.
Respuesta
-
6-6.5
-
6
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
During pregnancy insulin resistance decreases as pregnancy progresses
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Hypoglycemia is usually defined as < 70 mg/dl but in pregnancy BG is often allowed to be than [blank_start]60[blank_end] mg/dL
Respuesta
-
60
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Indicate which insulins and oral medications are utilized in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
Metformin
-
Lantus
-
Glargine
-
NPH
-
Regular insulin
-
Glyburide
-
Apidra
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
[blank_start]Insulin[blank_end] is the first-line agent recommended for treatment of GDM in the U.S
Respuesta
-
Insulin
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
[blank_start]Glyburide[blank_end] may be inferior to metformin and insulin due to increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and macrosomia
Respuesta
-
Glyburide
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
[blank_start]Aspart[blank_end] and [blank_start]Lispro[blank_end] are the only rapid-acting insulins approved during pregnancy
Respuesta
-
Aspart
-
Lispro
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
[blank_start]Detemir[blank_end] is the only long-acting basal insulin utilized to treat diabetes in pregnancy
Respuesta
-
Detemir
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What are the glucose levels for insulin initiation in GDM
Fasting PG less than or equal to [blank_start]105[blank_end] mg/dL
1-hours postprandial plasma glucose less than or equal to [blank_start]155[blank_end] mg/dL
2-hour postprandial plasma glucose less than or equal to [blank_start]130[blank_end] mg/dL
Respuesta
-
105
-
155
-
130
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
T1DM will require insulin during labor while most do not require insulin during labor and delivery with GDM
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What immunizations are reccomended for diabetic patients?
Respuesta
-
influnenza
-
pneumococal
-
hepatitis B
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Hypoglycemia is indicated with a BG of less than [blank_start]70[blank_end] mg/dL
Respuesta
-
70
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
1) If blood glucose (BG) is less than 70 mg/dL, you should give [blank_start]15[blank_end] grams of carbs and recheck the blood glucose after 15 minutes.
2) If blood glucose is less than 50 mg/dL , you should give [blank_start]30[blank_end] grams of carbs and recheck the blood glucose after 15 minutes
Respuesta
-
15
-
30
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
15g is equal to:
[blank_start]1[blank_end] tablespoon of sugar, [blank_start]3-4[blank_end] hard candies, [blank_start]4[blank_end] oz regular fruit juice, [blank_start]6[blank_end] oz regular soda, 3-4 glucose tablets, 6 lifesvavers save a life
Respuesta
-
1
-
3-4
-
4
-
6
-
3-4
-
1
-
4
-
6
-
4
-
1
-
3-4
-
6
-
6
-
4
-
1
-
3-4
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following should be part of the sick day management plan?
Respuesta
-
Check BG more frequently
-
Try to keep BG < 200 mg
-
Contiune basal insulin
-
Stay hydrated
-
use liquid carbohydrates to keep BG stable if unable to keep food down or having frequent or severe drops in BG
-
May need to hold prandial insulin or some oral medications if unable to keep down any carbohydrates.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What are the possible causes of DKA?
Respuesta
-
Exacerbated by an increase in counterregulatory hormones – hyperglycemic crisis
-
Insulin deficiency promotes lipolysis and metabolism of FFA to β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetic acid, and acetone in the liver
-
Excess glucagon enhance gluconeogenesis and impairs peripheral ketone utilization
-
Reduction in the effective circulating insulin with a concomitant elevation of counter-regulatory hormones
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What are the causes of HHS?
Respuesta
-
Excess glucagon enhance gluconeogenesis and impairs peripheral ketone utilization
-
Reduction in the effective circulating insulin with a concomitant elevation of counter-regulatory hormones
-
Consistently elevated blood glucose concentration (sometimes weeks) in the face of reduce fluid intake
-
Most commonly preceded by infection or other serious illness
Pregunta 43
Respuesta
-
0.9% NaCl
-
0.45% NaCl
-
0.9% NaCl
-
200
-
300
-
0.1
-
0.14
-
0.14
Pregunta 44
Respuesta
-
3.3
-
5.2
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
In hospital care, treat if the blood glucose is above [blank_start]180[blank_end] mg/dL with a goal between [blank_start]140-180[blank_end] mg/dL.
Respuesta
-
180
-
140-180
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
In what conditions should you consider lowering the dose of basal insulin by 20%?
Respuesta
-
renal insufficiency or failure exisit
-
Heart failure
-
tapering off coticosteriod medications
-
no history of diabetes
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Turn off insulin infusion [blank_start]2[blank_end] hours after administration of SubQ basal insulin
Respuesta
-
2
Pregunta 48
Respuesta
-
Type 1
-
Type 2
-
Hours to days
-
Days to weeks
-
> 250
-
>600
-
< 7.35
-
7.35-7.45
-
Present
-
Absent or very little
-
< 320
-
> 320
-
Type 2
-
Type 1
-
Hours to days
-
Days to weeks
-
> 250
-
> 600
-
< 7.35
-
7.35 - 7.45
-
Present
-
Absent or very little
-
< 320
-
> 320
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