7241824
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are the only medications approved for the use in the treatment of Type 1 DM?
Respuesta
-
Pramlintide (Symlin)
-
Miglitol (Gylset)
-
Insulin
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Increntin hormones like GLP-1 and GIP stimulate insulin secretion in response to meals
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Specify how each of the following specified areas contribute to the pathophysiology of Type 2 DM
Respuesta
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased insulin secretion (beta cells)
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased glucagon secretion
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increase production of glucose
-
increase glucose reabsorption
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased glucose reabsorption
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increase glucagon secretion
-
neurotransmitter dysfunction
-
increased lipolysis
-
decrease glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha cell
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased glucose reabsorption
-
increased lipolysis
-
decreased glucose uptake
-
increased production of glucose
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha)
-
decreased insulin secretion (beta cells)
-
increased glucagon secretion (alpha cell
-
decreased incretin effect
-
increased lipolysis
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Pramlintide (Symlin) belongs to what drug class?
Respuesta
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
amylinomimetics
-
Megltinides
-
Sulfonylureas
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What type of efficacy does the following anti-diabetic drugs have?
Metformin, Sulfonyureas, TZDs, GLP-1
Respuesta
-
Low efficacy (< 0.5 decrease in A1C)
-
Intermediate efficacy (~0.5-1 % decrease in A1C)
-
High efficacy ( ~1-2% decrease in A1C)
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What type of efficacy do the following drugs have?
SGLT2, DPP-IV, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Respuesta
-
High efficacy (~1-2% decrease in A1C)
-
Intermediate efficacy (~0.5-1% decrease in A1C)
-
Low efficacy (< 0.5% decrease in A1C)
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Of the following anti-diabetic drugs, which have the lowest efficacy in regards to the lowering of the A1C?
Respuesta
-
Colesvelam
-
Metformin
-
Insulins
-
Bromocriptine
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
[blank_start]Pramlintide (Symlin)[blank_end] has a BBW for severe HYPOglycemia
Respuesta
-
Pramlintide
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following are contraindications for Pramlintide (Symlin)?
Respuesta
-
gastroparesis
-
HYPOglycemic unawareness
-
poor compliance with drug insulin regimens
-
pediatric patients
-
inflammatory bowel disease
-
colonic ulceration
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
If taking anti-diabetic drug [blank_start]Pramlintide (Symlin)[blank_end], the meal time insulin must reduced by 50%.
Respuesta
-
Pramlintide
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Pramlintide (Symlin) must be injected immediately prior to each major meal.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Miglitol (Glyset) and Acarbose (Precose) belong to what anti-diabetic drug class?
Respuesta
-
Amylinomimetics
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
Biguanides
-
TZD's
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is the MOA for the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Respuesta
-
activation of amylin
-
activates the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-gamma
-
inhibits intestinal alpha glucosidase
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The [blank_start]alpha-glucosidase[blank_end] drug class slows intestinal carbohydrate digestion/absorption.
Respuesta
-
alpha-glucosidase
-
secretagogues
-
TZDs
-
Biguanides
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Alpha-glucosidase drugs must be taken with the 1st bite of each meal
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following are adverse drug reactions for alpha-glucosidase class?
Respuesta
-
GI disturbances
-
flatulence
-
headache
-
elevation in hepatic enzymes
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Contrainidcations for the [blank_start]alpha-glucosidase inhibitors[blank_end] include inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulceration, intestinal obstruction, malabsorption, and CrCL < 25 mL/min
Respuesta
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
amylinomimetics
-
DPP-IV
-
Meglitinides
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Hypoglycemia must be treated with what when taking an alpha glucosidase inhibitor.
Respuesta
-
complex carbs
-
insulins
-
simple carbohydrates
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following are the mechanisms of action for the biguanides class?
Respuesta
-
decrease glucose production from the liver
-
closes a K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes
-
increases insulin sensitivity in muscle
-
decrease carbohydrate uptake in gut
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following are the mechanisms of action for the biguanides class?
Respuesta
-
closes K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes
-
decreases glucose production form liver
-
increases insulin sensitivity in muscle
-
decreases uptake in gut
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is the physiological action of the Biguanides class?
Respuesta
-
increases insulin secretions
-
decreases hepatic glucose production
-
increases incretin levels
-
decreases glucagon secretion
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The maximum effective does for Metformin (Glucophage) is [blank_start]2000[blank_end] mg/day
Respuesta
-
2000
-
1500
-
1000
-
2250
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Metformin (Glucophage) has a BBW for lactic acidosis
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Iodinated contrast media, unstable HF, eGFR < 30 mL/min, hepatic dysfunction, dehydration, pre-renal azotemia, hypoxic states, CKD, and acidosis are all contraindications for [blank_start]Metformin (Glucophage)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Metformin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
[blank_start]Metformin (Glucophage)[blank_end] is the first line therapy for T2DM.
Respuesta
-
Metformin
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Starting metformin in patients with an eGFR between 45-50 mL/min/1.73m is not recommended.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The following drugs belong to what class?
Glyburide (Micronase)
Glyburide (Micronized) - (Glynase)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Respuesta
-
Biguanides
-
DDP-IV
-
TZD's
-
Sulfonylureas
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Closure of the K(ATP) channels on beta-cell plasma membranes is the MOA for what class(es) of drugs?
Respuesta
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
-
Bile Acid sequestrants
-
Meglitinides
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following are ADR's for the sulfonylurea class?
Respuesta
-
HYPOglycemia
-
SIADH
-
photosensitivity
-
GI disturbances
-
B12 deficiency
-
induced ovulation in PCOS
-
sulfa-allergy
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
[blank_start]Sulfonrylureas[blank_end] should NOT be used in elderly patients or patients with hepatic impairment
Respuesta
-
Sulfonylureas
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the sulfonylureas can be used during pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
Glyburide (Micronase)
-
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
-
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
For the sulfonylurea class, 1/2 of the max dose is equal to 80% drug effectiveness
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Sulfonylureas can be used in combination with insulin
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Glynase can be interchanged with the drug Mirconase.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Of the sulfonylureas, [blank_start]Glipizide (Glucotrol)[blank_end] should be utilized in patients with renal impariement.
Respuesta
-
Glipizide
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are Meglitinides?
Respuesta
-
Nateglinide (Starlix)
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Repaglinide (Prandin)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following are ADR's for the Meglitinides?
Respuesta
-
increased fluid retention
-
bladder cancer
-
HYPOglycemia
-
dizziness
-
GI disturbances
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
[blank_start]Meglitinides[blank_end] can be antidiabetic drug that can be reccommended for patients who are meal skippers.
Respuesta
-
Meglitinides
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Repaglinide (Prandin) is contraindicated with Gemfibrozil
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which drugs listed below belong the Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) class?
Respuesta
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is the MOA for the Thiazolidinediones class?
Respuesta
-
closure of the K(ATP) channels on the beta-cell membranes
-
activates dopaminergic receptors
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
-
activates the nuclear transcription factor PPAR-gamma
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the physiological action for the TZD class?
Respuesta
-
increases insulin secretion
-
increases insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, adipocytes, and liver
-
decreases hepatic glucose production
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
[blank_start]TZDs[blank_end] have a BBW warning for heart failure
Respuesta
-
TZDs
-
Meglitinides
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
-
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Select the ADRs of the TZD class
Respuesta
-
increase in fluid retention
-
dizziness
-
peripheral edema
-
hepatotoxicity
-
bladder cancer
-
fractures
-
macular edema
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which patient should not take TZDs for their diabetes?
Respuesta
-
Patients with Class III or IV heart failure
-
Patient with Type 1 DM
-
Patients with the risk of bone fracture
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Of the TZD drugs, which has an improved lipid profile?
Respuesta
-
Pioglitazone (Actos)
-
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
TZDs can be used in combination with Metformin
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
[blank_start]Colesevelam (Welchol)[blank_end] is a bile acid sequestrant
Respuesta
-
Colesevelam
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Binds bile acids in intestinal tract, increasing hepatic bile acid production and activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the liver is the MOA for what drug class?
Respuesta
-
Dopamine agonist
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
-
Biguanides
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Indicate the physiological actions of the bile acid sequestrant class?
Respuesta
-
Decreases hepatic glucose production
-
increases incretin levels
-
increases insulin sensitivity
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which of the following are ADR's for bile acid sequestrant?
Respuesta
-
constipation
-
increases in TG
-
pancreatitis
-
decreases absorption of other medications
-
GI upset
-
fatigue
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Bowel obstructions, TG > 500 mg/dL, and history of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis are contraindications for ....
Respuesta
-
Dopamine agonist
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT-2
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Colesevelam (Welchol) can be approved for monotherapy
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Bromocriptine (Cycloset) belongs to what anti-diabetic drug class?
Respuesta
-
Bile acid sequestrant
-
SGLT-2
-
Dopamine agonist
-
GLP-1
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
What is the MOA for Bromocriptine (Cycloset)?
Respuesta
-
inhibits DPP-IV activity
-
activates GLP-1 receptors
-
inhibits SGLT-2 in the proximal tubule
-
activates dopaminergic receptors
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What are the physiological actions for the Dopamine agonist class?
Respuesta
-
modulates HYPOthalamic regulation of metabolism
-
decrease hepatic glucose production
-
increased incretin levels
-
increased insulin sensitivity
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Postural hypotension, headache, fatigue, hallucinations, psychotic disorder, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis, and GI ulcers are the ADR's for what drug?
Respuesta
-
Colesevelam (Welchol)
-
Bromocriptine (Cycloset)
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following are contraindications for the Bromocriptine (Cycloset)?
Respuesta
-
Hypersensitivity to ergot derivation or dopamine
-
lactation
-
syncopal migraines
-
severe renal impairment
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Bromocriptine (Cycloset) is not approved for monotherapy.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What drug class do the following drugs belong to?
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin (Nesina)
Respuesta
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT2 inhibitors
-
Dopamine agonist
-
GLP-1 agonist
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Inhibits DPP-IV activity, increasing postprandial active incretin concentrations is the MOA for what drug class?
Respuesta
-
GLP-1
-
TZDs
-
Biguanides
-
DPP-IV inhibitors
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
What are the physiological actions for the DPP-IV inhibitors? (select all that apply)
Respuesta
-
increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
increase renal excretion of glucose
-
decrease glucagon secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
slows gastric emptying
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Of the DPP-IV inhibitors, which one does not need to be adjusted in renal and hepatic impairment?
Respuesta
-
Alogliptin (Nesina)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
ADR's for DPP-IV's include which of the following
Respuesta
-
upper respiratory infection
-
peripheral edema
-
decreased BP
-
pancreatitis
-
SJS
-
rhabdomyolysis
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
FDA warns that [blank_start]DPP-4 inhibitors[blank_end] may cause severe joint pain that can be severe or diabiling
Respuesta
-
DPP-4 inhibitors
-
SGLT-2
-
GLP-1 inhibitors
-
TZDs
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which of the DPP-IV inhibitors can cause heart failure?
Respuesta
-
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
-
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
-
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
-
Alogliptin (Nesina)
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The following drugs belong to what drug class?
Exenatide (Byetta)
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
Dulagultide (Trulicity)
Respuesta
-
GLP-1 agonist
-
TZDs
-
DPP-IV
-
SGLT-2
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Select the physiological actions of the GLP-1 class
Respuesta
-
increases insulin secretion (glucose-dependent)
-
decreases glucagon (glucose-dependent)
-
slows gastric emptying
-
increases satiety
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Of the GLP-1 agonist, which one can not be used if the CrCL is < 30 mL/min?
Respuesta
-
Exenatide (Byetta)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
-
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
-
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Of the GLP-1 inhibitors, which ones have a BBW warning for thyroid carcinoma?
Respuesta
-
Exenatide (Byetta)
-
Liraglutide (Victoza)
-
Abiglutide (Tanzeum)
-
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
History of pancreatitis, gastroparesis or GI disease, and caution in renal impairment are all contrainidcations for the [blank_start]GLP-1 agontist[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
GLP-1 agonist
-
DPP-IV
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The following drugs belong to what drug class?
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Respuesta
-
SGLT-2 inhibitors
-
DPP-IV
-
Biguanides
-
Meglitinides
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which of the following are ADR's for the SGLT-2 inhibitor drug class?
Respuesta
-
female & male genital mycotic infections
-
increased urination
-
increased BP
-
decreased BP
-
pancreatitis
-
hypovolemia
-
hyperkalemia
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Hypovolemia must be corrected prior to starting a SGLT-2 inhibitor
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Increased risk of bladder cancer and bone fracture with [blank_start]Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
[blank_start]Empagliflozin (Jardiance)[blank_end] is assocaited with an increase in CV events
Respuesta
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
[blank_start]Canagliflozin (Invokana)[blank_end] may be associated with an increase in lower extremity amputations
Respuesta
-
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
-
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
-
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Which drug classes target fasting BG only!
Respuesta
-
Biguanides
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2
-
Amylinomimetics
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Which drug classes targets post-prandial blood glucose only!
Respuesta
-
Biguanides
-
Sulfonylureas
-
Amylinomimetics
-
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
-
dopamine agonist
-
DPP-4 inhibitors
-
meglitinides
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
What drug classes target BOTH fasting and postprandial BG levels?
Respuesta
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
-
SGLT-2 inhibitors
-
Bile acid sequestrants
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
GLP-1 agonist, Metformin, SGLT-2, Amylinmimetics all cause [blank_start]weight loss[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
weight loss
-
weight gain
-
weight neutral
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-IV inhibitors all cause [blank_start]weight gain[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
weight gain
-
weight loss
-
weight neutral
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Suflonylureas, Meglitinides, insulins, and TZDs all cause [blank_start]weight loss[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
weight loss
-
weight gain
-
weight neutral
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Which drug classes are high cost agents?
Respuesta
-
GLP-1
-
SGLT-2
-
DPP-IV
-
Insulins
-
Metformin
-
Sulfonylureas
-
TZDs
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Which drugs classes are low cost agents?
Respuesta
-
Metformin
-
Sulfonylureas
-
DPP-IV
-
TZDs
-
GLP-1
-
SGLT-2
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