7347321
Descripción
Test por Rachel Smith, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Rachel Smith
hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A cumulative record shows the pattern of responding __________ sessions.
Respuesta
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across
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within
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outside
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Under a fixed-time schedule, reinforcers are delivered _________________ behaviour..
Respuesta
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Irrespective of
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Contingent on
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After a
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
____________ schedule is an example of a complex schedule of reinforcement.
Respuesta
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Tandem
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Feedback
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Variable interval
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The pattern of responding under a fixed-ratio schedule involves a post-reinforcement pause and a series of reinforcers; a pattern which is called ______________.
Respuesta
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pause-and-respond
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scallop
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break-and-run
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A ratio schedule requires a specified number of ____________ since the last reinforcer for the next reinforcer to be obtained.
Respuesta
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stimuli
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seconds
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responses
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Schedule thinning often involves moving from a continuous schedule of reinforcement to an ______________ schedule of reinforcement.
Respuesta
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intermittent
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independent
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indirect
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Sometimes, humans are less sensitive to schedules than animals because of instructional control. Instructional control describes how _____________ interferes with the schedule.
Respuesta
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Stimulus control
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Verbal behaviour
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Motivating operations
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
One of the limitations of the research on schedules is that a large proportion of it has been conducted using _______________________.
Respuesta
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positive reinforcement
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punishment
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negative reinforcement
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Grow et al. (2010) interspersed periods of staff availability with unavailability to put excessive social behaviours of a man with intellectual disabilities under stimulus control. The two schedules (availability and unavailability) were a multiple schedule because they ____________________________________________.
Respuesta
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were simultaneous and had discriminative stimuli
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were successive and had discriminative stimuli
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were simultaneous and had no discriminative stimuli
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Saunders et al. (2005) showed that showing their participants how pieces of paper they had to shred to earn reinforcers under a fixed ratio schedule made the schedule more effective. This is an example of a ______________________.
Respuesta
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post-reinforcement pause
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fixed time schedule
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discriminative stimulus
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A schedule is defined as:
Respuesta
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A rule that describes a contingency.
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A type of reinforcer specific to that individual.
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A visual system used to help children with autism manage transitions.
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Reinforcing every instance of behaviour.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Describe what is happening to behaviour on the following cumulative record.
Respuesta
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No responses over time.
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The learner is responding more frequently over time.
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The learner is responding at the same frequency over time.
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The learner has responded once and then has not responded since.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following schedules are intermittent?
Respuesta
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variable interval and fixed interval
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CRF
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variable ratio and fixed ratio
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A and C
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
This graph is an example of responding under which schedule of reinforcement?
Respuesta
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variable interval
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fixed ratio
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CRF
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fixed interval
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A loyalty card at the military surplus store gives you free night vision goggles after you’ve bought 10 items. This is an example of:
Respuesta
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a fixed interval schedule
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a variable interval schedule
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a fixed ratio schedule
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a variable ratio schedule
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
You go door-to-door in an abandoned town looking for survivors and find one every few doors but not regularly. This is an example of:
Respuesta
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a fixed interval schedule
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a variable interval schedule
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a fixed ratio schedule
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a variable ratio schedule
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A multiple schedule is when two or more simple schedules:
Respuesta
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operate in succession with discriminative stimuli
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operate at the same time with discriminative stimuli
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operate in succession without discriminative stimuli
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operate at the same time without discriminative stimuli
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Every week at the same time, the military drop a package of supplies at the base, irrespective of the operations on the base. This is an example of:
Respuesta
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a fixed interval schedule
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a fixed time schedule
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a variable time schedule
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a variable interval schedule
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of these is not a reason to measure simple schedules in our attempts to rehabilitate the infected?
Respuesta
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To choose a maintainable schedule of reinforcement for alternative behaviours we’re going to teach.
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A measure antecedents to behaviour we will decrease.
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To choose a schedule of reinforcement that will be powerful for alternative behaviours we’re going to teach.
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For baseline (pre-rehabilitation) measures of behaviour and what is currently reinforcing behaviour.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
We keep the radio on and listen for updates from other bases. Occasionally we hear a transmission and receive information. This is:
Respuesta
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a fixed interval schedule
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a fixed ratio schedule
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a variable ratio schedule
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a variable interval schedule
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Reinforcement available for responding outside of schedules in the matching law (Re) is called _______________________.
Respuesta
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Externalising reinforcement
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Extraneous reinforcement
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Experimental reinforcement
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
In a concurrent schedule, two or more schedules are available at the same time, and they are _________________.
Respuesta
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dependent
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interdependent
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independent
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Matching law analyses usually use ______ schedules as they produce a high, stable rate of responding.
Respuesta
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VR
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FI
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VI
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
_____________ response effort on an alternative will result in an increase in responding on that alternative.
Respuesta
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Decreasing
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Increasing
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Not changing
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
In Herrnstein's (1971) matching law equation, B and R represent _________________________________________ respectively.
Respuesta
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behaviour emitted and reinforcers available
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behaviour emitted and reinforcers obtained
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behaviour obtained and reinforcers available
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The allocation of responses to alternatives in a matching analysis is the _____________ response ratio.
Respuesta
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independent
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absolute
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relative
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Applied situations can often be analysed as ____________________________.
Respuesta
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concurrent reinforcement schedules
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nonconcurrent reinforcement schedules
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mixed reinforcement schedule
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The opportunity to choose is effective for increasing appropriate behaviour, however it is difficult to tell whether this is because of the reinforcing effects of making a choice, or that making a choice provided access to more reinforcing outcomes. This is called the ________________________.
Respuesta
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choosing effect
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reinforcing effect
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differential outcomes effect
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Borrero et al. (2007) showed that social interactions were aimed at people in a conversation based on how much reinforcement they provided for interactions (i.e., matching). This finding could be used in a classroom by providing a _____________________ for children who call out too often and the opposite for children who do not participate enough.
Respuesta
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denser schedule
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leaner schedule
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concurrent schedule
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The opportunity to choose tasks, rather than being assigned tasks, might alter the value of escape (i.e., could be a / an __________________________ for escape as a reinforcer).
Respuesta
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establishing operation
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abolishing operation
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concurrent schedule
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
How do behaviour analysts measure choice?
Respuesta
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Using Maslow’s theory of motivation
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Using concurrent schedules of reinforcement
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Using consecutive schedules of reinforcement
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None of the above, behaviour analysts do not believe choice exists
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Using the matching law, describe how an Infected’s behaviour would be distributed over the following two buttons: red button with a VI30s or blue button with a VI20s.
Respuesta
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Their responding would be distributed equally between the two buttons.
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They would press the red button more than the blue button.
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They would press the blue button more than the red button.
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They would only press the red button.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of responding under the matching law?
Respuesta
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During screening, you follow every order from the lieutenants to avoid being punished.
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An Infected spends more time searching for food inside a shopping centre where there are humans hiding than in the car park where there are fewer humans.
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A civilian refuses vaccination against the virus.
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Every time you hear the air siren, you hide and stay still, but when you hear the fire alarm, you walk out of the building.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following ALL affect matching?
Respuesta
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Magnitude, delay, punishment, quality, and response effort
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Force, punishment, reinforcement, stimulus control, and motivation.
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Response effort, delay, time of day, individual differences, and inter-response time.
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Cumulative responses, aversive control, timing, quantity, and qualitative choice.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Choice...
Respuesta
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is only determined by an individual’s genetic history
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can be used as a antecedent manipulation
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can be used as a consequence
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is only measured but we are never able to influence someone’s choice
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B and C
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Scouts on the Combat Team can search to the east or west of Pontio Base Five. Which would NOT increase the likelihood they will search to the east?
Respuesta
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The east is easier to reach by foot
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There are fewer Infected to the east
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There are more resources to the west
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There are more infected to the west
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The Healers want to ensure that more civilians read the infection prevention pamphlets they have made. What would make it less likely that people will read them?
Respuesta
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The language is easy to read
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They are printed in bold
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The response effort is decreased
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The response effort is increased
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
In the matching law, what does Re represent?
Respuesta
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Extraneous reinforcement: that occurs outside of what we are measuring
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External reinforcement: outside the person
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External responses: what we can measure
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Extraneous reinforcement: that occurs within complex schedules
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Choice responding to an alternative can be measured by:
Respuesta
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The number of responses only
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The discriminative stimulus
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The number of responses or time allocated
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The value of the schedule
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the ‘take home message’ of the matching law in regards to explaining choice?
Respuesta
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Discriminative stimuli shape choices
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Responses match reinforcers
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Choice cannot be measured
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Preference is more important than choice
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