7350172
Descripción
Test por Rachel Smith, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Rachel Smith
hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Explaining animal behaviour in terms of human motives is ___________________________.
Respuesta
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problem solving
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functional equivalence
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an anthropomorphism
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Novel behaviours can arise from trial-and-error, stimulus generalisation, and _______________________.
Respuesta
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imitation
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response generalisation
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problem solving
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A dog looking 'guilty' could be negatively reinforced because __________________________.
Respuesta
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it results in being petted
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it results in the scolding stopping
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it results in being forgiven
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
When Epstein's pigeons were placed in the problem solving situation there was _________________________.
Respuesta
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imitation of previous responses
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shaping of behaviour
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an initial conflict between responses
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Keeping the Russian anti-tank dogs hungry created _______________________.
Respuesta
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stimulus control
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a motivating operation
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generalisation
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Performing novel behavioursin a situation that you've never been in before to produce certain consequences is _________________________.
Respuesta
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trial and error
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problem solving
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anthropomorphising
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The purpose of conducting a preference assessment for dogs such as in Vicars et al. (2014) is to identify stimuli that might serve as _________________________.
Respuesta
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reinforcers
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motivating operations
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punishers
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Vicars et al. (2014) used a paired stimulus preference assessment for dogs. This involved presenting pairs of stimuli from which the dogs could choose, an approach based on ______________________.
Respuesta
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superstitious behaviour
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stimulus control
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the matching law
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Martin et al. (2011) conducted a functional analysis on a chimpanzee's faeces throwing behaviour. They found that the chimpanzee was engaging in this behaviour ______________________________________.
Respuesta
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Because it was angry
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Because it was being punished
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Because it received reinforcers for doing so
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Improving the quality of life of animals in captivity would NOT include __________________________ to manage difficult behaviour.
Respuesta
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Environmental enrichment
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Implementing function-based interventions
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Forcing compliance
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following does not produce novel behaviours?
Respuesta
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Imitation
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Variability in baseline behaviour
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Conditional discrimination
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Stimulus generalisation
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Select the correct answer. Problem solving…
Respuesta
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Only occurs in humans and not animals
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Occurs in humans and animals
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Only occurs in animals with intelligence
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Is not studied in behaviour analysis
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
In Epstein’s (1985) study the pigeons…
Respuesta
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Were not taught how to move the box to the green spot; they had to figure it out themselves
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Were taught the prerequisite skills but not how to chain them together
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Were directly taught how to move the box and then stand on it to peck the banana
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Were punished if they did not problem-solve in time
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
I come home to find that my dog has destroyed my favourite shoes. The dog’s ears are flat and he avoids eye contact with me. The most likely explanation of this is:
Respuesta
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This behaviour has avoided punishment in the past
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The dog is feeling guilty
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This behaviour has been positively reinforced in the past
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The dog has seen the chewed shoes and displays this behaviour in response to that stimulus
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Find the correct answer. In the original Epstein (1984) paper…
Respuesta
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Other pigeons trained only in one of the prerequisite skills could not solve the problem
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Jumping to peck at the banana was extinguished
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The box being under the banana was an SD for standing on it to peck
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A & C
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All of the above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A chimp is taught some sign language but often mixes up the word order e.g. “water want” rather than “want water”. What is the most likely explanation?
Respuesta
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Non-humans have not got the capabilities to understand grammar
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Animals do not enjoy language so are less motivated to get it right.
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The chimp means something else but cannot express it correctly
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Both phrases have resulted in the keeper getting the chimp water
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Select the correct answer. In the study by Gardner (1969), Washoe the chimp was taught…
Respuesta
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To use PECS (picture exchange communication system)
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Simple vocal sounds to communicate
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To use ASL (American Sign Language)
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To use a keyboard to type requests
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What function did the first words that Washoe developed have?
Respuesta
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Positive social
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Negative social
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Automatic
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A & C
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
‘The dog bit me because it was angry’ is an anthropomorphism because:
Respuesta
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It explains animal behaviour in terms of human motives
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It describes the emotion of the animal
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It describes the function of the behaviour
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It shows that animals can solve problems
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What is problem solving from a behaviour analytic perspective?
Respuesta
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Engaging in intelligent behaviours
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Engaging in anthropomorphic behaviours
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Engaging in behaviours you have never performed before that are aimed to produce certain consequences
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Engaging in behaviours you have performed before that are aimed to produce certain consequences
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Criminal profiling is a process by which evidence (particularly that found at a crime scene) is analysed to determine ________________ offender characteristics.
Respuesta
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probable
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personality
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with certainty
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Kocsis, Hayes, and Irwin (2002) found the ___________________ was not a factor in the accuracy of profiling.
Respuesta
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gender
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age
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experience
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
________________ assumes that offenders engaging in similar behaviours will display similar characteristics.
Respuesta
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Homology
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Behaviourism
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Empiricism
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Ferguson (2013) suggested that there are only five relevant offender characteristics in a profile - motive, special skills or knowledge of methods and materials, relationship to the victim, ________________________, and criminal skill or forensic awareness.
Respuesta
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personality
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knowledge of the crime scene or location
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history of abuse
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
One of the challenges is behaviour analysis of criminal behaviour is that often, the behaviours are _____________.
Respuesta
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not measurable
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internal
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covert
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A challenge in teaching incarcerated offenders new behaviours whilst they are in prison is __________________________________.
Respuesta
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generalisation to outside settings
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They don’t want to change
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there is no evidence that it works
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Being sent to prison after committing a crime could be a _______________________________.
Respuesta
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Delayed punisher
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Punisher with good temporal contiguity
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Discriminative stimulus for crime
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Committing crimes can be on _______________ schedule of reinforcement – sometimes you don’t get caught.
Respuesta
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a continuous
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an intermittent
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no
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Schnelle et al. (1978) found that adding a helicopter decreased burglaries and the cash benefits outweighed the cost of the helicopter. The helicopter was most likely a _________________________.
Respuesta
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discriminative stimulus for a punisher (being caught)
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punisher
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motivating operation
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Bassett and Blanchard (1977) found that the number of behaviours punished and the frequency of punishment increased when a prison token economy was unsupervised. This could have been because implementing punishment was a ____________________ for the behaviour of the guards running the token economy.
Respuesta
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punisher
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motivating operation
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reinforcer
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