7414593
Descripción
Test por Zachariah Atteberry, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Zachariah Atteberry
hace más de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Psychology is defined as the scientific study of
Respuesta
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Behavior and mental processes
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Diagnosing and treating behavioral disorders
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Conscious and unconscious mental processes
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The mind
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes describe?
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Behavorism
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Psychoanalysis
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Psychology
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Clinical psychology
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
As a science, psychology has four goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?
Respuesta
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Eliminate behavior
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Explain behavior
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Predict behavior
-
Control behavior
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A ____ proposes a relationship among observed events
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Science
-
Theory
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Prediction
-
School of psychology
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Theories allow psychologists to make ___ such as a client's chance of recovery
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Descriptions
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Explanations
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Predictions
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Beliefs
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which is not true of psychological theories?
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Theories that make assumptions about behavior
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Theories explain behavior and mental processes
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Theories are used to make predictions
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Theories are always discarded as new observations are made
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The results of ________ research in the study of perceptual development in lower animals are often useful in formulating the treatment of visual disorders in humans.
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Pure
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Basic
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Controlled
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Action
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Applied research is research undertaken
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With humans
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With lower animals
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For its own sake
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To find solutions to specific problems
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The difference between pure and applied research is the difference between
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Prediction and control
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Practice and theory
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Research for its own sake and research to solve specific problems
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Applications and adaptation
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of these is NOT one of the three main things psychologists engage in?
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Analyzing
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Practice
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Research
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Teaching
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
__________ psychologists study the relationship between genetic and environmental factors on growth of the individual through the life span.
Respuesta
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Health
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Personality
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Developmental
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Social
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
__________ psychologists are concerned with racism, sexism, and ageism.
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Environmental
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Forensic
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Personality
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Social
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Each of these ancient Greek philosophers contributed to the field of psychology EXCEPT
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Aristotle
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Democritus
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Pythagoras
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Socrates
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The first person to show how scientific methods could be used to investigate psychological phenomena was
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Willhelm Wundt
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William James
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Charles Darwin
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Gustav Fechner
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Yolanda gives a careful description of all of her thoughts, experiences, and emotions after she underwent a “near-death” experience in which she felt herself leaving her body. The method Yolanda and the researcher are using is called
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Insight
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Self-revelation
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Recovered memory
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Introspection
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What distinguished Wilhelm Wundt’s contribution from other contributions to psychology?
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he wrote the first textbook of psychology
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He defined psychology as the science of behavior
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He established psychology as a laboratory science
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He studied insight in lower animals
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Wilhelm Wundt founded the school of psychology called?
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Functionalism
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Psychoanalysis
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Behavorism
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Structuralism
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Under the school of structuralism, Wundt used a method called ____________ to look into one’s own objective sensations and subjective feelings.
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Conditioning
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Psychoanalysis
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Introspection
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Insight
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Wilhelm Wundt felt that the object of psychology was the study of the mind as a natural event and that the best way to approach the study of psychology was to
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Break down conscious experience into basic elements
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Focus on the continuity between conscious experience and behavior
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Analyze the relationship between sensory stimuli and behavior
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Determine the functions of conscious experience
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Structuralism defined experience in terms of?
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Behavioral tendencies and habits
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Continuity of consciousness and unconscious processes
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Functions of consciousness
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Sensations, feelings, mental images
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Functionalism was established by
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G. Stanely Hall
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Wilhelm Wundt
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John Watson
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William Jones
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is most likely to have been made by a functionalist psychologist?
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The mind is composed of discrete elements.
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Perception is greater than the sum of its parts.
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The only object of psychology is the study of behavior.
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Adaptation to the environment is the purpose of mental processes and behavior.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The school of psychology that emphasizes the purposes of mind and behavior and views consciousness as a continuous, not discrete, process is called
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Functionalism
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Behavorism
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Structuralism
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Psychoanalysis
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
A functionalist would disagree with which of the following statements?
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Consciousness can be broken down into elemental parts.
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Consciousness is a continuous process.
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Behavior and mental processes are adaptive.
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All of the above
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution predicted that organisms that survived and reproduced were __________ than those less fit.
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More intelligent
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Better adapted to the environment
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More conscious
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Better at problem solving
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The functionalists expanded the study of psychology to include behavior as well as consciousness and asked how mental processes and behavior
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were broken down into sensations, feelings, and thoughts.
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were part of the unconscious.
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led the individual to self-knowledge.
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assisted the organism to adapt to the environment.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
John B. Watson argued for a psychology based on the study of
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stream of consciousness.
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unconscious mental processes.
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measurable behavior.
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sensation, feelings, and mental images.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
John B. Watson established __________ as a school of psychology.
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behaviorism
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functionalism
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structuralism
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psychoanalysis
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
John Watson proposed a definition of psychology that omitted all of the following EXCEPT
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mental processes.
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behavior.
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consciousness.
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feelings and thoughts.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
B. F. Skinner made major contributions to
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structuralism.
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functionalism.
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behaviorism.
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Gestalt psychology.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Ted taught his cat to turn in a circle every time he waved his hand in a circular motion. After the response Ted would pet the cat and give it a treat. From Skinner’s perspective the treat would be considered a
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Bribe
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Stimulus
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Reinforcer
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Control
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Watson and Skinner had one objective in common, which was the
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Treatment of disorders
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Explanation of behavior through conditioning/reinforcement
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Use of mental imagery
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Discovery of unconscious conflicts
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The school of psychology that emphasized the organization of perceptual experience into wholes and the integration of separate stimuli into meaningful patterns is termed
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Psychoanalysis
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Functionalism
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Structuralism
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Gestalt psychology
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Behaviorism is to learning theory as Gestalt psychology is to
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Psychotherapy
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Adaptation to the enviornment
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Perception
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Habit
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Gestalt psychologists believed that problem solving is not always accomplished by mechanical repetition but rather is accomplished by sudden ___________ in which a solution
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Insight
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Reinforcement
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Introspection
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Evolution
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
For the Gestalt psychologists, learning was largely a matter of
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Trial and error
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Insight and understanding
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Rote practice and repetition
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habit and environmental adaptation.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
In his research on problem solving in chimpanzees, Kohler concluded that the chimp suddenly solved a problem and reached the banana because of
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Intelligence
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Reinforcement
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Environment clues
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Insight
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of these sayings would a Gestalt psychologist most likely agree with?
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If you can conceive it and believe it, you can achieve it
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Monkey see, monkey do
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The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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What you see is what you get
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious processes while behaviorism emphasizes
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Perception
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Observation
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Sensation
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Introspection
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The school of psychology that places unconscious impulses and desires at the center of human behavior is
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Psychoanalysis
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Structuralism
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Functionalism
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Gestalt psychology
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The psychodynamic theory of human motivation centers on
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Insight
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Unconscious
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Reinforcement
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Introspection
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Psychoanalysis differs from structuralism, functionalism and behaviorism in that it is also a method of
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Scientific inquiry
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Introspection
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Self-knowledge
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Psychotherapy
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Freud’s technique of psychotherapy is called
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Reality therapy
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Insight therapy
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Psychoanalysis
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Behavior therapy
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which of the following statements distinguishes psychoanalysis from other schools of psychology
Respuesta
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Unconscious processes have the greatest impact on behavior
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Learning is the basis of behavior
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Humans are potentially good
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The sum of the parts is more important than the separate parts
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The issues of ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status are the concerns of the __________ perspective.
Respuesta
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Sociocultural
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Humanistic-existential
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Psychoanalytic
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Social-cognitive
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Dr. Maloff is studying the effects of ethnic bias on the school performance of immigrant children. Most likely, Dr. Maloff is a __________ psychologist.
Respuesta
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Psychoanalytic
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Behavioral
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Sociocultural
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School
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT likely the concern of sociocultural psychologists?
Respuesta
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Alcohol abuse among ethnic minority groups
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Color perception
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Gender roles
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Racial bias
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Dr. Rabin is studying whether Asian men are more or less likely to seek treatment for clinical depression as part of a larger study of Asian men’s attitudes toward health issues. Dr. Rabin is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.
Respuesta
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Humanistic-existential
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Sociocultural
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Industrial
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Personality
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Dr. Jacobi is studying the effects of bilingualism on the intellectual development of children. She wants to know whether learning both English and Spanish has an impact on intelligence scores in both languages. Most likely, Dr. Jacobi follows a __________ perspective.
Respuesta
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Psychoanalytic
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Humanistic-exitstential
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Learning
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Sociocultural
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The sociocultural perspective is concerned with the
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Behavior of society
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Influence of a group on the behavior of the individual
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Issues of gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status
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Makeup of social and cultural organizations
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Critical thinking is associated with
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Skepticism
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Respect
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Disbelief
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Opposition
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
A(n) __________ is a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research.
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Observation
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Scientific method
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Theory
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Hypothesis
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The scientific method allows us to
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Support popular opinion
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Maintain traditions
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Justify our values
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Test ideas and refine knowledge
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which of the following is a valid hypothesis?
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Viewing TV violence increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior in children.
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Viewing TV violence may influence children’s behavior.
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Viewing TV violence is unlikely to change children’s behavior.
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None of these.
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
A hypothesis is an assumption or a best guess that
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becomes a selection factor in research
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can be tested by gathering evidence
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is accepted if it is popular
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provides an operational definition
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
If participants are able to choose treatment in a scientific study, this is called a ____________ that is a source of bias that could influence the results.
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Correlation
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Selection factor
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Hypothesis
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Placebo
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
As a scientist, you try not to speculate or draw conclusions when you do not have evidence. This approach is consistent with your use of
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Common sense
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Personal experience
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Good economic decisions
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The scientific method
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
In selecting research participants, the results can be generalized if the sample represents the
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Ideas of the researcher
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Common sense views of the times
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Target population
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Theory in question
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
A _______ is a segment of a population that is targeted for study.
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Sample
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Group
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Team
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All of these
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Dr. Davis wants to study the TV viewing habits of elementary school children. He selects 50 children from local schools to participate in his research. These groups of students would be considered the
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Population
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Sample
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Representative group
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None of these
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
If you conclude that the participants in a study are a representative sample, then you can __________ from the research sample to the larger population.
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Replicate
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Speculate
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Generalize
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Conclude
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
n a __________, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate.
Respuesta
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Random sample
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Selection sample
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Stratified sample
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Free sample
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
If 12% of the American population is Hispanic, what percentage of a stratified sample would be Hispanic?
Respuesta
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6%
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24%
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12%
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88%
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Would a sample of children from an affluent suburban school district be considered a representative sample of American children?
Respuesta
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No, because affluent suburban schools tend to be less racially, ethnically, and economically diverse than the nation as a whole.
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No, because they are nothing like the average American child.
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Yes, because public education is available to all children.
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Yes, because they have all the advantages and none of the disadvantages.
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
A ________ is a method of collecting information about individuals or small groups.
Respuesta
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Correlation
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Journal
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Survery
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Case Study
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Case study methods are often used to study __________ cases.
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Controversial
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Rare
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Stratified
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Random
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The ___________ method(s) of observation may produce inaccurate results because of inaccuracies in people’s memory.
Respuesta
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Case study
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Naturalistic observation
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Survery
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Case study and survery
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
The __________ method uses interviews and questionnaires to collect information from large numbers of people.
Respuesta
-
Case study
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Scientific
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Experimental
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Survery
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
An advantage of survey research is that
Respuesta
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it allows you to get in-depth information.
-
it allows you to have a large sample size.
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it allows you to work in a lab.
-
it is less subject to volunteer bias.
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Working for a consumer research organization, a woman needs to learn about behavior that she can neither observe in its natural setting nor study experimentally. She probably will use the __________ method.
Respuesta
-
observational
-
case study
-
experimental
-
survey
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
By using the __________ method, researchers investigate whether observed behavior or a measured trait is related to another behavior or trait.
Respuesta
-
correlational
-
statistical
-
experimental
-
survey
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
A correlation coefficient is a number
Respuesta
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indicating the percentile of a score.
-
representing a location on the normal curve.
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that expresses the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
-
that presents the average relationship.
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
You design a test of intelligence. Based on the idea that intelligence is related to academic performance, you use __________ to test the relationship between performance on your new test and grades in school.
Respuesta
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an experimental method
-
a test-retest method
-
the correlational method
-
naturalistic observation
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Which represents the strongest correlation?
Respuesta
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+.97
-
+.90
-
+.09
-
-.99
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Which of the following is most likely a correlation coefficient for a relationship between stress and health?
Respuesta
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-0.78
-
+1
-
0
-
+0.98
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Which of the following is likely to be reported as a positive correlation?
Respuesta
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salary and years of education
-
age and incidence of illness
-
studying and GPA
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all of these
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
In correlational research, when one variable increases as the other variable decreases, it is a __________ correlation.
Respuesta
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positive
-
dubious
-
invalid
-
negative
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
There is a good chance that we will find a __________ correlation between time spent watching TV and grades in school.
Respuesta
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Perfect
-
negative
-
positive
-
weak
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
The best research method to investigate cause and effect relationships between variables is
Respuesta
-
observation.
-
correlation.
-
an experiment.
-
a case study
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
In an experiment, a group of participants that receives a dose of caffeine or a change in room temperature has received a __________.
Respuesta
-
dependent variable
-
treatment
-
random effect
-
consequence
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
If you wanted to study the effects of caffeine on sleep, you could vary the consumption levels of caffeine. The administration of caffeine is
Respuesta
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the treatment.
-
the control
-
unethical
-
the dependent variable
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
In an experiment, the presence of a(n) __________ is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be determined.
Respuesta
-
dependent variable
-
independent variable
-
placebo
-
observer
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
If you were to conduct an experiment on the effects of temperature on aggressive behavior, temperature would be the __________ variable.
Respuesta
-
dependent
-
Independent
-
hypothetical
-
correlated
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
The experimental group participants in an experiment receive
Respuesta
-
no treatment.
-
the dependent variable
-
the independent variable
-
the same treatment as the control group participants
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
The measured outcomes or results in an experiment are called
Respuesta
-
the independent variable
-
treatments
-
dependent variables
-
controls
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
In an experiment to determine the effects of alcohol consumption on aggression, aggressive behavior would be the
Respuesta
-
treatment
-
independent variable
-
control variable.
-
dependent variable
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
An experiment in which the independent variable is noise level and the dependent variable is resistance to distraction, the goal is to observe whether distractibility is a(n) __________ noise
Respuesta
-
cause of
-
correlate of
-
treatment for
-
effect of
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
In an experimental design, participants in an experimental group receive ___________.
Respuesta
-
no treatment
-
conditions
-
Treatment
-
the answers
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Participants who go through an experiment but who do not receive any treatment or manipulation are called the __________ group.
Respuesta
-
self-selected
-
random
-
control
-
experimental
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Examples of a __________ would be the use of a “sugar pill” instead of real medication or tonic water instead of an alcoholic beverage. However, the individual must believe that he or she is experiencing the real thing.
Respuesta
-
Confederate
-
Placebo
-
Treatment
-
Bias
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Well-designed experiments control for the effects of expectations by creating conditions under which participants are unaware of, or __________, the treatment.
Respuesta
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Blind to
-
Indifferent to
-
Unconscious of
-
Singled out for
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Experimenters may believe that a certain kind of treatment is effective. Consequently, experimenter expectations can bias research outcomes. One way to control for experimenter and participant bias is to
Respuesta
-
be sure they understand ethics
-
debrief them
-
remind them of the importance of the research
-
Use the double-blind technique
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
In a __________ study, neither the experimenter nor the participants know who has obtained
Respuesta
-
Single blind
-
Double blind
-
Confounded
-
Debriefed
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Ethical standards in human research allow researchers to balance interests in acquiring new information with concern about
Respuesta
-
Ethical review
-
Debriefing
-
Informed consent
-
Confidentiality
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
____________ is a process of explaining the purposes and methods of the research after a study has been completed.
Respuesta
-
Debriefing
-
Controlling
-
Reviewing
-
Consenting
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
When research cannot be carried out with human participants, researchers
Respuesta
-
Must abandon the issues
-
Often rely on volunteers
-
Rely on theoretical models
-
Often use animals
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
The benefits of animal research
Respuesta
-
Are obvious to everyone
-
Can never justify the loss of the animal's right to freedom
-
Cannot be demonstrated
-
Must justify the harm that might be done to an animal
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
As an animal lover, you find it difficult to participate in the destruction of animals for research purposes. As a scientist, you
Respuesta
-
Fight the use of animal models by your colleagues
-
Know that these models are unjustified
-
Realize that ethical animal models are never uncomfortable for the animals
-
Understand the value of animal research and promote ethical standards.
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Brain lesioning studies in rats have provided insights regarding
Respuesta
-
Abuses of animals in laboratories
-
Attachment in monkeys
-
Regulation of eating and eating disorders
-
Social evolution
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Cognitive psychologists are specifically interested in studying what?
Respuesta
-
Animal learning and motivation
-
Human thinking and memory
-
Genetic and hormonal effects on behavior
-
Introspection and behavioral disorders(
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
The humanistic-existential perspective unities ____ and ____ as central principles to this approach
Respuesta
-
Brain; behavior
-
Self-fulfillment; free choic
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Mental processes; consciousness
-
Culture; values
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Cathy was a successful real estate agent. At age 36, she decided to to donate her wealth to charity and become a missionary in Haiti, where she has been living in relative contentment for the past two years. Which perspective would best explain Cathy's behavior?
Respuesta
-
Psychodynamic
-
Social-cognitive
-
Humanistic-existential
-
Developmental
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Five-year old Todd watched his father at his workbench, hammering together a bird house. Soon Todd was next to his father, hammer in tapping the workbench. Todd's behavior is best described as?
Respuesta
-
Social-cognitive
-
Behavioral
-
ociocultural
-
Neoanalytic
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
In ____ researchers study behavior when it actually happens or in the field.
Respuesta
-
Experiments
-
Correlational research
-
Naturalistic observations
-
Case studies
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Unobtrusive measures strive to minimize ____ during naturalistic observation
Respuesta
-
Experimenter's expectations
-
Time involved
-
Inaccurate reporting
-
Interference with behaviors being observed
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