7415002
Descripción
Test por Zachariah Atteberry, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Zachariah Atteberry
hace casi 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Piaget described human thought in terms of two basic concepts:
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Logic and reason
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Logic and emotion
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Adaptation and affordances
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Assimilation and accommodation
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A two-year-old child’s family has a pet dog. The child visits the neighbor’s house and sees their pet dog. Even though the neighbor’s dog is larger and a different color the child points to it and says “dog.” Which of Piaget’s processes does this demonstrate?
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Adaptation
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Accomodation
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Assimlation
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Acclamation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Piaget interpreted an infant’s tendency to explore new objects through sucking as an instance of
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Adaptation
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Assimilation
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Accomondation
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Oral exploration
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Toy manufacturers need to be careful that toys and parts of toys are too large for children to put into their mouths. Piaget would interpret this as
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An understanding of children's tendency to assimilate
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Unnecessary intrusion in developmental process
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Understanding of egocentricity of young children
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Understanding of a children's lack of object performance
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Piaget’s term for a pattern of action or a mental structure that is involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge is a(n)
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Invariance
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Heirarchy
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Schema
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Adaptation
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
After having several birthday parties at home, a six-year old develops a _____ for this type of an experience, so they will know what to expect if they go to someone else’s birthday party.
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Pattern
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Plan
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Habit
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Schema
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A two-year-old child’s family has a pet cat. When they visit the zoo, the child sees a lion and calls it a cat. To modify the child’s misunderstanding, what process must occur according to Piaget?
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Accomodation
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Acclamation
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Assimilation
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Adaptation
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Piaget’s term for the creation of new ways of responding to objects is
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Assimilation
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Schemata
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Accomodation
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Invariance
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
People expect whales to be fish because they live in the sea. The recognition that whales are mammals requires a(n) __________ of existing schemas.
Respuesta
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Assimilation
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Accomodation
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Learning
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Formalizing
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Jean Piaget hypothesized that cognitive development progressed
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As a slow lifetime process
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As a result of heredity
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As a quantitative change process
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As an orderly sequence
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are, in order of increasing age:
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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
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sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, preoperational.
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preoperational, operational, post operational, formal operational.
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assimilation, adaptation, accommodation.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
During the sensorimotor stage, behavior becomes increasingly
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Cognitive
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Automatic
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Disorganized
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Purposeful
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
How does Piaget interpret the four- to eight-month-old’s interest in kicking a hanging toy and causing it to bounce?
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Assimilation to sucking reflexes
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Association based on memory
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Function of visual perception
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Active exploration of cause-effect relationships
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
A four-month-old infant is playing with keys. You place a magazine on top of the keys. The infant does not search for them. What does this demonstrate a lack of?
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Object permanence
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Accomodation
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Egocentrism
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Conservation
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Prior to the age of six months, you could take a toy away from your infant and the baby would not protest. What Piagetian concept explains this observation?
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Object permanence
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Assimilation
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Concrete operations
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Accommodation
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
You find that your infant takes great pleasure in the game of peek-a-boo. What Piagetian concept explains this observation?
Respuesta
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Object permanence
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Deferred imitation
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Assimilation
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Preoperations
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The acquisition of the basics of language at about age two allows the child to use words and symbols to represent objects. This begins the
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Cognitive stage process
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Preoperational stage
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Language operational stage
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Concrete operational stage
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A three-year-old child who doesn’t understand that five single dollar bills are equal to a five-dollar bill is in Piaget’s _______ stage.
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Sensorimotor
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Preoperational
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Concrete operational
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Formal operational
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
A five-year-old is speaking on the telephone to his/her grandparent. The child holds up the picture they were describing and says to the grandparent “See.” According to Piaget, this demonstrates _____.
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Egocentrism
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Object performance
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Animism
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Artificialism
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
You are playing hide-and-seek with your preoperational child. You count to 10 while he/she hides. You find your child sitting in the middle of the room with his/her eyes closed. The child believes because he/she cannot see you, then you cannot see him/her. What does this demonstrate?
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intellectual impairment
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decentration
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object permanence
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egocentrism
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Preoperational children attribute life to physical objects like the sun and the moon. What does this demonstrate?
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Artificialism
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Animism
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Egocentrism
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Conservation
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Preoperational children attribute life to physical objects like the sun and the moon. What does this demonstrate?
Respuesta
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Animism
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Egocentrism
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Artificialism
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Conservation
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
You show a child two tall and thin glasses filled with equal amounts of water. You pour the water from one glass into a short, wide glass and tell the child to take the glass with the most water in it. You are observing the child’s capacity to
a. reason deductively. c. center on one aspect of the situation.
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Reason deudctively
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Conserve
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Center on one aspect of the situation
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Abstract
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The preoperational child judges only the consequences of an action and cannot center on both consequences and intention. Piaget describes this as
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Immoral
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Objective responbility
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Injustive
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Subjective moral judgement
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Concrete operational children are capable of __________; they can center on two dimensions of a problem at once.
Respuesta
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Formal opreations
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Visual motor integration
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Cause-effect reasoning
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Decentration
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Concrete operational children become __________ in their moral judgments. When assigning guilt, they center on the intentions of the wrongdoer
Respuesta
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Objective
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Rational
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Subjective
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Predictable
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
One child breaks 15 dishes accidentally, and another child breaks one dish while attempting to steal money from the family change jar. Using the moral judgment of a concrete operational child, whose deed is naughtier?
Respuesta
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Child who broke the most dishes
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Child who broke the dishes while stealing
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Child who broke dishes accidentally
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Child who broke dishes deliberately
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Concrete operational children understand the law of __________; that is, they understand that the basic properties of substances such as weight and volume stay the same when you change superficial properties such as their shape or arrangement.
Respuesta
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Conservation
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Effect
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Formal operations
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Symbolic reasoning
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Awareness of the concept of decentration supports conservation because it allows children to
Respuesta
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Consider intentions
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Center on two dimensions rather than one
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Figure out what they're supposed to do
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Change their minds
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Piaget’s concept for the concrete operational child’s capacity to understand that many processes can be undone, reversed, and restored to their previous condition is
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Intentionality
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Reversibility
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Decentration
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Induction
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When you arrange two rows of five pennies each and place them a half-inch apart in the first row while separating the other row of five pennies by three inches, the preoperational child will say that the second row has more pennies. However, the concrete operational child has the capacity to __________ numbers and will not make this same error.
Respuesta
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Add
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Subtract
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Symbolize
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Conserve
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Because concrete operational children are less egocentric, they can increasingly
Respuesta
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Take objective responsbility
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Take perspective of another
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Take conservative positions
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Reason artificially
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Conservation, decentration, reversibility, and subjective responsibility are generally achieved at about __________ years.
Respuesta
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1-2
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3-5
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7-10
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12-15
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget’s theory?
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Piaget underestimated the ages at which children developed cognitively.
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Egocentrism and conservation develop more continuously—they may not occur in stages.
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Piaget overestimated the cognitive abilities of infants.
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Both a and b
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Support for Piaget’s theory has been found in his view that
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preschoolers are egocentric and lack conservation.
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cognitive development progresses discontinuously.
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cognitive development occurs in a particular sequence.
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all of these.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is a(n) __________ theory.
Respuesta
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Information-processing
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Metamemory
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Stage
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Untested
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What method of study did Kohlberg use?
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Conventional
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Post conventional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A child who cleans up their room to avoid losing a privilege is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory.
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Conventional
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Post conventional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Children at the __________ level of moral reasoning base their judgments on the consequences of behavior.
Respuesta
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Preconventional
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Conventional
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Postconventional
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Metaconventional
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
An adult who chooses not to park in a handicap space because they want to avoid a ticket and fine, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory.
Respuesta
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Nonconventional
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Post convention
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Preconventional
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Conventional
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A third grader who decides not to cheat on a test because if caught their parents would be displeased with them, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory
Respuesta
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Postconvetional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
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Conventional
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
A third grader who decides not to cheat on a test because if caught their parents would be displeased with them, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory
Respuesta
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Metamoral
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Good-boy/good-girl
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Punishment
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Law and order
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
If a person reasIf a person reasons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstratesons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstrates
Respuesta
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Preconventional reasoning
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Postconventional reasoning
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Stage one reasoning
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Conventional reasoning
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
If a person reasons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstrates
Respuesta
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Moral reasoning follows a developmental sequence
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Most people reach the post conventional level
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There are no prerequisites for the post conventional level
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Some people may skip stages
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Research demonstrates that _______ is a prerequisite for postconventional reasoning
Respuesta
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Formal operational thinking
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Concrete operational thinking
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Preoperational thinking
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None of these
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Inconsistencies in Kohlberg’s theory have been found with the fact that
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Moral reasoning follows a developmental seqeuence
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Most people reach the post conventional level
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Piaget's formal operations are a prerequisite for post conventional reasoning
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Children who are exposed to examples of moral reasoning above their own stage will follow along
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
described the psychosocial stages of development.
Respuesta
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Jean piaget
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Erik erikson
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Sigmund freud
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Lawrence kohlberg
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
According to Erikson, the infant-parent relationship can affect issues associated with _____ during the first year of life.
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Guilt
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Trust
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Autonomy
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Identity
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Erik Erikson described an early stage of psychosocial development during which we depend on primary caretakers. This relationship determines the emergence of
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Attachment
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Autonomy
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Trust versus mistrust
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Attachment versus autonomy
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
According to Erikson, a toddler who is given opportunities to explore and manipulate things in their environment and who is encouraged to investigate will gain a sense of
Respuesta
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Trust
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Autonomy
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Superirity
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Inferiority
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The four childhood goals of social development, according to Erikson, are:
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Trust, identity, intimacy, industry
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Autonomy, initiative, integrity, trust
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Trust, autonomy, initiative, indsutry
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Trust, generativity, identity, industry
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Authoritative parents are both strict and
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Easygoing with children
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Rejecting
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Poor communicators
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Respectful toward children
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which parenting style is most likely to have strict guidelines about what is right and wrong and to expect the child to adhere to those guidelines without question?
Respuesta
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Authoritarian
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Permissive
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Restrictive
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Authoritative
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
What do authoritative and authoritarian parents have in common?
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Both have strict standards
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Both rely on force to gain compliance
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Predictable and don't rely on communication
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Can be cold and rejecting
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
A child’s father is not very affectionate and demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be consumed only on special occasions. This child’s father can be described as
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Permissive
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Authoritarian
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Authoritative
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Strict
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
A child’s mother seldom objects if her child interrupts, and she seldom requires that her child take responsibility for cleaning his/her room or completing homework. This mother’s parenting style would be considered
Respuesta
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Permissive
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Authoritarian
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Flexible
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Authoritative
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Permissive parents are poor at communicating but...
Respuesta
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Are warm and supportive
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Rely on force
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Willing to reason with their children
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Temper their strictness
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What do permissive and authoritarian parents have in common?
Respuesta
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Both indifferent
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Both poor communicators
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Both easygoing
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Both strict
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
_____________ parents show little encouragement or warmth toward their children and tend to leave them on their own.
Respuesta
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Uninvolved
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Authoritarian
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Authoritative
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Permissive
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
The most competent children tend to have
Respuesta
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Involved parents
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Authoritarian families
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Authoritative parents
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Permissive learning styles
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
116. During a parent-teacher conference, a father says, “My child will do what I say because I say so, no ifs, ands, or buts!” The child of this parent has academic and social problems. The parent’s statement demonstrates
Respuesta
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Permissive
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Authoritative
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Authoritarian
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Uninvolved
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Children of uninvolved parents tend to have _______________than children whose parents are more involved.
Respuesta
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Poorer academic achivement
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High rates of deliquency
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Greater social competence
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Poorer academic performance and higher delinquency rates
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Baumrind’s study of parenting styles connects
Respuesta
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authoritative parenting with mature and competent children.
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permissive parenting with indifferent parents.
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authoritarian parenting with instrumental competence.
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permissive parenting with creativity.
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
According to Piaget, cognitive maturity is
Respuesta
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Never achieved
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Represented by formal operations
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Taking objective responsbility
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conventional moral judgment.
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Children who recognize that all the ideals they have been taught are not always indicative of the way people act in reality, are experiencing Piaget’s _____ stage of cognitive development.
Respuesta
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Formal operational
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Preoperational
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Concrete operational
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Abstract reasoning
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Formal operational children derive rules for action based on
Respuesta
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General principles
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Physical properties of objects
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Concrete Observations
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Learning by doing
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning that may arise during adolescence is the
Respuesta
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Preconventional level
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Postconrete level
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Concrete level
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Postconventional
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