7478399
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the minimum number of people required to constitute organized crime, according to the Criminal Code definition?
Respuesta
-
Two or more Canada residents.
-
Three or more Canadian residents.
-
Three or more persons in or outside Canada.
-
Two or more persons.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Table 16.1 identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime, all of which are collectively grouped into four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?
Respuesta
-
Institutional.
-
Rational.
-
Commercial.
-
Structural/organizational.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City, Ianni (1974) identified two basic forms of relationships among individuals involved in organized crime. Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by business relationships among members?
Respuesta
-
Entrepreneurial.
-
Syndicated.
-
Hierarchical.
-
Associational.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following distinguishes organized crime from terrorism?
Respuesta
-
The existence of an organizational structure.
-
The use of violence.
-
International operations.
-
The pursuit of financial or material benefits as its main motivation.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of these criminal activities can be considered both a predatory and a consensual crime?
Respuesta
-
The counterfeiting and sale of digital entertainment products.
-
Stock market manipulation.
-
Fraud.
-
Kidnapping for ransom.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following is not generally considered a consensual organized criminal activity?
Respuesta
-
Extortion.
-
Prostitution.
-
Drug trafficking.
-
Gambling.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following is not one of the dominant organized crime genres in Canada identified in the textbook?
Respuesta
-
Nigerian.
-
Aboriginal.
-
Russian.
-
Italian.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The term La Cosa Nostra refers to which of the following?
Respuesta
-
The Sicilian Mafia in Italy.
-
Turkish–American organized crime.
-
Italian–American organized crime.
-
The Columbian Mafia in the US.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The term “vory v zakone” is a part of what organized crime genre?
Respuesta
-
Russian organized crime.
-
Vietnamese organized crime.
-
Outlaw motorcycle gangs.
-
Italian organized crime.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What country has the highest number of Hells Angels members per capita, according to the textbook?
Respuesta
-
Mexico.
-
United States.
-
Canada.
-
England.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is the dominant illegal activity carried out by Aboriginal organized crime in central Canada?
Respuesta
-
Smuggling.
-
Prostitution.
-
Gambling.
-
Fraud.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What theory concerning the origin and structure of organized crime in North America was forcefully promoted by the US Senate Committee headed by Senator Kefauver?
Respuesta
-
Patron–client theory.
-
Alien conspiracy theory.
-
Group conflict theory.
-
Ethnic succession theory.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Jewish gangsters were overrepresented among drug traffickers in Quebec during the 1920s. At the same time, it is largely acknowledged that anti–Semitism was widespread in that province. Based on these facts, which of the following theories best explains the rise of the Jewish gangster in Quebec?
Respuesta
-
Alien conspiracy theory.
-
Routine activities theory.
-
Ethnic succession theory.
-
Interactionist theory.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
What is the term used by the textbook to describe how organized crime arises from the criminalization of a good or vice by the state?
Respuesta
-
Ethnic succession theory.
-
Neo–classical theory.
-
Strain theory.
-
Public policy impetus.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following is not one of the models proposed to describe the structure of an organized crime group?
Respuesta
-
The syndicate model.
-
The interactionist model.
-
The kinship model.
-
The bureaucratic/hierarchical model.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a fluid and loosely knit network of like– minded criminal entrepreneurs, none of whom has any long–term authority over the others?
Respuesta
-
Kinship model.
-
Network model.
-
Bureaucratic/hierarchical model.
-
Patron–client model.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following best describes the costs of white–collar crime to society, compared to street crime?
Respuesta
-
It is a little more costly in dollar terms.
-
It is less costly in dollar terms.
-
It is much more costly in dollar terms.
-
It is about the same in terms of societal costs.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What is the distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime?
Respuesta
-
Occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class.
-
Occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime.
-
Occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class.
-
People commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’ accounts. What is this an example of?
Respuesta
-
Occupational crime.
-
Corporate crime.
-
Executive disengagement.
-
Organizational crime.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What are crimes committed on behalf of corporations called?
Respuesta
-
Occupational crimes.
-
Professional crimes.
-
White–collar crimes.
-
Organizational crimes.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Why is white–collar crime related to class position?
Respuesta
-
Unlike street crimes, white–collar crime is committed exclusively by those in the middle class.
-
White–collar positions carry a level of power that provides employees with freedom from control, which may be criminogenic.
-
The lower someone ranks in their graduating class from business school, the higher the chance they will commit a white–collar crime.
-
Individuals who lack business school education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white–collar crimes.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What does the legal concept of a “juristic person” refer to?
Respuesta
-
The concept of intention or mens rea.
-
The legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals.
-
Equality before the law.
-
Judges and other members of the court.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refers to the custom by which lower–level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions and actions of employees?
Respuesta
-
Executive disengagement.
-
Insider trading.
-
Management liability.
-
Juristic person.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What term does the textbook use when referring to a legitimate economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?
Respuesta
-
Corporate anomie.
-
Juristic disengagement.
-
Underground economy.
-
Criminogenic market structure.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Earl Jones and Bernie Madoff where both responsible for orchestrating series investment frauds. According to the textbook both individuals were involved in:
Respuesta
-
Accounting fraud.
-
Insider auditor fraud.
-
Bookkeeping fraud.
-
Ponzi fraud.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
According to a survey of judges by Mann et al. (1980), why do corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences?
Respuesta
-
They have very good lawyers.
-
Judges and corporate executives come from the same upper–class background.
-
They have done little harm.
-
Judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following is not an example of an Occupational Crime?
Respuesta
-
A doctor who overbills an insurance provider
-
A company that knowingly misreports quarterly profits.
-
A pharmacist who sells counterfeit medicine
-
A cashier who discounts items for his/her friends
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following terms is used to refer to criminal and unethical behaviour by professional practitioners, such as doctors?
Respuesta
-
Ponzi schemes.
-
Occupational criminal practising.
-
Price–fixing.
-
Unprofessional conduct and malpractice.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
All of the following are common forms of investment and securities fraud, except one. Which is the exception?
Respuesta
-
Pump and dump.
-
Ponzi scheme.
-
Extortion.
-
Insider trading.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
People who work in the justice system sometimes break the rules or exhibit incompetence. A good example of this incompetency is the case of David Milgaard. According to the textbook, the Milgaard case is an example of:
Respuesta
-
Racial Profiling
-
White Collar Crime
-
Wrongful Convictions
-
Political Corruption
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
After visiting over 150 Canadian Auto Repair shops Robert Sikorsky (1990) concluded that a significant portion of these businesses overcharged and provided unnecessary repairs. According to the textbook, this is an example of:
Respuesta
-
Political Corruption
-
Criminogenic disregard.
-
White–Collar Crime
-
Blue–Collar Crime
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following can best be described as phishing?
Respuesta
-
Using an Internet connection to access social media, chat rooms, or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes.
-
The attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
-
When a fraudster sends an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
-
The use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of illegal resale or redistribution.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refer to the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution?
Respuesta
-
Ripping.
-
Skimming.
-
Spamming.
-
Phishing.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refer to attempts to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website?
Respuesta
-
Spamming.
-
Phishing.
-
Skimming.
-
Hacking.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of the following can best be described as skimming?
Respuesta
-
Sending an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
-
Attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
-
Sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e–mail messages to other users.
-
Using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e–transmissions, which will enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following best represents the term cybercrime?
Respuesta
-
Crimes that differentiate online institutional targets from human ones.
-
Crimes committed by cyborgs.
-
Online crimes that are largely analogous to offline crimes of violence and sexual offending.
-
Any criminal, deviant, or terrorist act that takes place over the Internet.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refers to the use a computer to orchestrate large–scale “attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security?
Respuesta
-
Cyberterrorism.
-
Cybertrafficking.
-
Cyberdeviance.
-
Cybercrime.
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Computer–based criminal offences committed against financial institutions or government agencies tend to fall under blanket terms such as cyberespionage or cyberterrorism. Which of the following is not common to each of these?
Respuesta
-
Hacking is often central to these cyberattacks.
-
They both attack human targets.
-
They both require the use of technology, such as a computer and Internet access.
-
They both attack institutional targets, not human targets.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is it called when a number of disparate users within a virtual space follow the lead of a cyberbully and publicly gang up on a single victim by sending harassing and humiliating communications?
Respuesta
-
Cyberbullying.
-
Cybermassacre.
-
Flashmobbing.
-
Cybermobbing.
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Secretly watching others (offline) without their consent to foster a sense of arousal (also called voyeurism) is analogous to what in the digital (online) world?
Respuesta
-
The use of a smartphone for the purposes of sexting.
-
The use of a smartphone to make obscene phone calls.
-
The use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people.
-
Trolling the Internet to download digital pictures of people.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The subcultural networks of people who seek to circumvent the customary user experiences of websites are best described as:
Respuesta
-
Deviant cybercommunties
-
Internet pirates
-
Cyberbullies
-
Scatologia
¿Quieres crear tus propios Tests gratis con GoConqr? Más información.