HIV and AIDS

HIV and AIDS has a natural reservoir in monkeys. This virus most likely made the jump from monkeys to humans when:

Dr. Gottlieb is:

In 1981, with the emergence of HIV and AIDS, many young, homosexual males started coming down with Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is:

In 1981, these two diseases were the most common indicators of people who had come down with HIV.

Which of the following are ways HIV and AIDS can be transferred? Check ALL that apply.

Gaëtan Dugas was written about in the book 'And The Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic'. He was an important figure in AIDS research because:

In response to HIV, the immune system is attacked, and antibodies cannot be generated quickly. This is why from 3 weeks to 6 months an antibody test on an infected person might mistakenly turn up a:

The first symptoms of HIV within the first two weeks commonly appears to be:

If you want the most accurate results for if you have HIV, you should get an antibody test.

The most common way for HIV to be transferred between mother and child is:

Giving an HIV-positive mother a dose of HIV drugs before birth and a dose to the child up to 72 hours after birth can greatly reduce likelihood of permanent HIV infection in the child.

Approximately what percent of all people living with AIDS live in Sub-Saharan Africa?

In HIV, the genome is contained in:

In order to make DNA out of their RNA, retroviruses like HIV use an enzyme called:

In viral cell attachment, there are multiple steps. First, [blank_start]GP120[blank_end] must bind to two receptors to get into the host cell. Once in the cell, the virus' [blank_start]reverse transcriptase[blank_end] turns RNA into DNA. The enzyme [blank_start]integrase[blank_end] enables integration of viral DNA into cellular DNA. After this, the enzyme [blank_start]protease[blank_end] cleaves polypeptides into functional [blank_start]HIV-1 proteins[blank_end]. Lastly, the virus [blank_start]buds[blank_end] from the cell wall and leaves to infect other cells.

For HIV Chemotherapy, one of the treatments is HAART. HAART stands for:

Inhibitors of viral enzymes can be competitive or non-competitive. With competitive inhibitors, the inhibitor:

The HAART treatment commonly helps patients survive:

All cells will make viruses once they are infected with HIV.

AZT is a competitive inhibitor for HIV. It stops reverse transcriptase from making viral DNA by:

A similar competitive inhibitor to AZT, Lamivudine was initially used for HIV patients, but found to be more effective combating:

This drug is used for best prevention of mother to child HIV transmission, as it is very safe:

In America, these are the proportion of HIV infected individuals at each stage of care. Of all patients with HIV, 80% - [blank_start]Are diagnosed.[blank_end] 62% - [blank_start]Are linked to HIV care.[blank_end] 41% - [blank_start]Are retained in HIV care.[blank_end] 36% - [blank_start]Are on antiretroviral therapy.[blank_end] 28% - [blank_start]Have a suppressed viral load.[blank_end]

HAART requires 5 years of continuous viral treatment with full adherence to eliminate HIV in the body.

During HAART treatment, it's possible for patients to experience ARV (anti-retroviral) failure. This is most commonly caused by:

To enter the Helper T cell, the HIV receptor must bind to two receptors:

Timmothy Brown is a famous patient in HIV treatment because:

HIV most commonly attacks Helper T cells. This is is a problem because:

HIV can infect the brain if it's transported into it by this cell, which has clearance into the brain:

In HIV patients, the relationship between helper T cells and antibodies is commonly as follows: