8318670
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which factors contribute to sea level rise due to climate change?
Respuesta
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Increased numbers of floods
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Rapid melting of arctic ice
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Thermal expansion and melting of land-bound ice
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Slow sinking of the continents
-
Enhanced precipitation
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The green house gas effect can be explained by
Respuesta
-
Wavelength dependence of absorption of radiation by GHG
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Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
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The elliptic path of the earth around the sun
-
Enhanced reflection of long wave radiation by GHG
-
Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Because saturation vapour pressure depends on the surface on which it occurs
Respuesta
-
Lifting of air masses leads to condensation
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Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
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Small drops grow at the cost of large drops
-
Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
Respuesta
-
Infiltration and Submersion
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Ingestion and Inhalation
-
Ingestion and Submersion
-
Inhalation and Submersion
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Exposition and Ingestion
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Occult deposition is
Respuesta
-
An as yet undiscovered deposition
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Deposition that is not yet fully understood
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Deposition by fog, dew, etc.
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Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
Respuesta
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High CFC concentrations and lack of solar radiation
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High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
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High CFC concentration and climate change
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Temperatures below -80°C and little air mass exchange
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
the double strategy in Austrian air pollution policy consists of
Respuesta
-
Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
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Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to emission reductions
-
Increasing stack heights and emission standards
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Limiting emission according to state-of-the-art-technology and to stay within air quality
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
An end-of-pipe measure is e.g.:
Respuesta
-
Using more efficient technologies
-
Implementing an emission trading scheme
-
Filter flue gases
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Technological improvements in the process
-
Desulfurization of oil
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
Respuesta
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50 t per year
-
1 t per year
-
100 t per year
-
Not quantifiable
-
10 t per year
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Climate change does not involve
Respuesta
-
Changes in precipitation
-
Frequency of extreme events
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More intense earthquakes
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Melting of polare ice
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Temperature change
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which are not typical effects of mountain valleys or basins?
Respuesta
-
Inducing thermally driven circulations
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Strong dispersion of pollutants
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Development of cold air basins due to drainage flow
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Inversions
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Channelling flow
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Respuesta
-
Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
-
Is falling worldwide
-
Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
-
Is falling in midlatitudes in winter and strongly falling over Antarctica
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
In the climate debate tipping points are understood to describe
Respuesta
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Points ate which the planet becomes uninhabitable
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Points beyond which positive feedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by humans
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Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
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Geographical locations where decisive climate process
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone levels are especially high in Vienna
Respuesta
-
On weekdays
-
During traffic peaks
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On Sundays and holidays
-
On Mondays
-
On Saturdays
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In the early morning
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What is NOT true of radioactive decay
Respuesta
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Is the only way to deplete radio nuclei
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Disappears after 5 half-life times
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Depends only on the radio nuclide
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Is independent of external influences
-
Can vary over orders of magnitude
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale pollution problem
Respuesta
-
Fine particles (PM)
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Tropospheric zone
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Persistent organic compounds (POP)
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Green house gases
-
Radio active substances
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
Respuesta
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The impact of population, air pollution and technology on environmental degradation
-
The impact of green house gas emission on climate
-
The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
-
The impact of world population, affluence and technology on green house gas emission
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The impact of lifestyles on environmental quality and tipping points
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What was the original definition of smog
Respuesta
-
A combination of smoke and fog
-
High concentration of photo chemicals
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Cigarette smoke
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High ozone concentrations
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Dispersion models typically consists of 3 modules:
Respuesta
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Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
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Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
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Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
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Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Transport Module
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Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Trajectories are an important part of which kind of dispersion models?
Respuesta
-
Gaussian models
-
Diffusion models
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Langrangian models
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Richardson models
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Eulerian models
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Near the earths surface temperature increases with height
Respuesta
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When wind speed increase with height
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When wind speed is low and the radiation balances at the surface is negative
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Because the distance from sun decrease
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When atmospheric radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
-
When warm air rises from heated surfaces
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When an inversion break up
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Chronic damage caused by air pollution can be prevented
Respuesta
-
Standards expressed in high percentiles
-
Limiting maximum concentration
-
Short term standards, e.g.: hourly means
-
Long term standards, e.g.: yearly means
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
Respuesta
-
only valley wind
-
valley- and down slope wind
-
valley and up slope wind
-
only down slope wind
-
Mountain and down slope wind
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
In order for a cloud to rain, cloud droplets must grow
Respuesta
-
through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
-
through freezing and melting
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and rech a size 100 times that a small cloud droplet
-
through transpiration and evaporation
-
through compression and density increase
-
through condensation and diffusion
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Respuesta
-
Reflexion
-
Absorption
-
Refraction
-
Diffusion
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Concentrations caused at a specific point by a continuous point source vary strongly
Respuesta
-
in inversions
-
in unstable layers
-
in neutral layers
-
in stable layers under strong wind conditions
-
in isothermal layers near the ground
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The troposphere
Respuesta
-
is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
-
is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
-
is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterised by temperature increases with height
-
consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent surface layer
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Boundaries of the global ecological system seem to have been exceeded regarding
Respuesta
-
climate change, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
-
nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
-
ocean acidification, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
-
climate change, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
-
climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The following is NOT correct regarding albedo
Respuesta
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Average over the whole globe, albedo is about 5%
-
Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
-
Albedo is reflectivity averages over all wave lengths
-
Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
-
Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The atmosphere is characterised by
Respuesta
-
about 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen and 1% Argon content
-
about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
-
about 80% oxygen and 20% hydrogen content near the surface
-
rapid increase of CO2 and decreases of oxygen concentration
-
good mixing of gases up to 120km height
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average
Respuesta
-
Continents
-
Arctic
-
Alpine region
-
Oceans
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentration occur?
Respuesta
-
20°
-
60°
-
80°
-
45°
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
Respuesta
-
Enhanced the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
-
Make use of higher wind speed
-
Reduce maximum immissions on the ground
-
Delay deposition
-
Distribute pollutants over larger areas
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Global temperatures increases over the last 150 years is about
Respuesta
-
0,2°C
-
1,2°C
-
0,8°C
-
0,4°C
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What process is not part of dispersion of pollutants in air?
Respuesta
-
Interception
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Diffusion
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Decay
-
Deposition
-
Sedimentation
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Clinical studies to determine concentration limits for humans help to
Respuesta
-
Replace experiments using animals
-
Study exposures under normal conditions
-
Understand systematic dose-effect relationships
-
Study the effect of high exposures
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
Respuesta
-
The limited amount of input data and numerical capacity needed
-
A coordinate system that is fixed relative to the earth surface
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The good representation of point sources
-
A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
Respuesta
-
Enhanced chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
-
Enhanced chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
-
Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
-
Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Inversions can cause high immission concentrations near the ground
Respuesta
-
When pollutants are emitted below the inversion
-
Because heating is especially intense in these periods
-
When pollutants are emitted into the inversion through high stacks
-
Because pollutants are pressed downward
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
Respuesta
-
They are released in great heights
-
They are not easily washed-out
-
Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long
-
They are especially light compared to their size
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What data are not relevant for emission inventories?
Respuesta
-
Geographical position of sources
-
Flue gas temperature
-
Stack height
-
Wind speed
-
Emission rates of different pollutant groups
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What human impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
Respuesta
-
Climate change
-
Biodiversity loss
-
Acidification of the ocean
-
Nitrogen cycle
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Gaussian models for continuous point sources assume that
Respuesta
-
Emission occur at least 10 m above ground
-
life time of pollutants is limited
-
Wind speed exceeds 1 m/s
-
Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Respuesta
-
Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
-
Is falling worldwide
-
Is falling in midlatitudes and strongly over Antarctica
-
Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the cancer in human skin?
Respuesta
-
UVA
-
UVC
-
Roentgen waves
-
UVB
-
Infra-red
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
Respuesta
-
Assumptions on GHG emissions
-
An understanding of radiation
-
Assumptions on the development of the world population
-
Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
-
Statistical extrapolations of the climate change of the past
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Air flow is influences near buildings
Respuesta
-
But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
-
Up to about 150m behind the building
-
The stronger, the smaller the building is
-
In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which is no Green House Gas (GHG
Respuesta
-
Carbon monoxide
-
Carbon dioxide
-
Water vapour
-
Methane
-
Ozone
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
Respuesta
-
Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
-
Temperature decreases, more glaciers, higher Albedo
-
Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased cloud cover
-
Temperature increase, forest fires, increased Albedo
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Deposition reaches generally its highest values
Respuesta
-
Chemical transformation
-
Occult deposition
-
Sedimentation
-
Wet deposition
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
Respuesta
-
80% reduction in industrialised and unlimited emissions in other nations
-
50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialised nations
-
Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves
-
About 1t of CO2 per person and year till 2050 in industrialised nations
-
GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Which is a secondary pollutant?
Respuesta
-
Aerosols
-
Sulfur dioxide
-
Nitrogen oxide
-
Ozone
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Expected temperature increases in Austria in the next 20-50 years is about
Respuesta
-
2-4°
-
0,5-1°
-
4-6°
-
5-10°
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which is not a component of the radiation balance at the earth's surface
Respuesta
-
diffuse or sky radiation
-
atmospheric radiation
-
celestrial radiation
-
terrestrial radiation
-
direct solar radiation
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The effect source height
Respuesta
-
is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
-
depends on the emitted pollutants
-
is equal to stack height for hot effluents
-
is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
-
increases with air temperature
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Climate change is scientifically proven by...
increase of global mean temperature
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
A sink, but may become a source
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What is not part of geo-engineerying?
Substitution of fossil energy sources
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following pollutants are GHGs? All?
Ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Radiation balances is clearly negative...
night time, strong wind, fog
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Respuesta
-
Reflexion
-
Diffusion
-
Refraction
-
Absorption
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