Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The goal of Chapter 2 is to
Respuesta
-
Provide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design.
-
Contrast theoretical frameworks
-
Teaching researchers how to match research to social laws.
-
Create a basis for statistical data analysis.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Systems of logical statements that explain the relationship between two or more variables are
Respuesta
-
Theories
-
Propositions
-
Concepts
-
Hypotheses
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A nurse observes other nurses coming to work inebriated, and wonders what might be causing employees of this profession to be coming to work under the influence. The nurse searches online for terms including “drunk nurses” and “alcohol abuse among healthcare workers” to gain knowledge. She seeks to confirm her idea that stress leads nurses to drink by sifting through previous studies. What research model is this an example of?
Respuesta
-
Research-before-theory
-
Theory-before-research
-
Linear progression
-
None of the above
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A sampling technique that is not widely generalizable, but can provide rich descriptions of a target population, is
Respuesta
-
Purposive Sampling
-
Convenience Sampling
-
Snowball sampling
-
Quota Sampling
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
Respuesta
-
Modes
-
Labels
-
Lines
-
Descriptions
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Milo wants to survey college freshmen about their alcohol use. He stands outside of a fraternity house and surveys people entering the house. This situation is an example of
Respuesta
-
Accidental sampling
-
Purposive sampling
-
Snowball sampling
-
Quota sampling
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
When locating sources for a literature review, the researcher should be wary of which source?
Respuesta
-
Databases
-
Periodicals
-
Books
-
Internet references
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The research model that Lune/Berg advocate is the ________ approach.
Respuesta
-
Research-before-theory
-
Theory-before-research
-
Linear progression
-
Spiral model
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A pitfall of Internet based research is ________.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The phase in data analysis in which you make your work worthwhile and complete by adding it to the existing body of knowledge is data display.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A sampling technique that requires every element of the entire population studied to be enumerated is simple random sampling.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Social scientists have an ethical obligation to the population they study because _______.
Respuesta
-
they study human subjects
-
they use quantitative data collection methods
-
they have no influence on policy and law
-
they have no risk of inflicting physical or emotional harm to subjects
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Researchers may be led to breach the code of ethics when ________.
Respuesta
-
they have planned carefully during research design
-
their study does not break any laws
-
they have excess funding to use
-
they have thought deeply about risks to subjects
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The doctrine that established principles for ethical research, especially that subjects must voluntarily consent to participate, is the _______.
Respuesta
-
Nuremberg Code
-
National Research Act
-
Buckley Amendment
-
Privacy Acts of 1974
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The mandate that limited access to official records identifying an individual and prohibited release of personal information to anyone else without the written consent of the individual is the ___________.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom. The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted, with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study. The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form. This is an example of _____.
Respuesta
-
informed consent
-
active consent
-
passive consent
-
ethical violation
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
When a researcher secretly studies research subjects without informing them of the research it is called ______.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
An overt researcher role in which the researcher does not engage in activities of the group, but formally watches their behavior often over the course of s single visit, is called complete participant.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which is NOT a reason that plagiarism occurs?
Respuesta
-
The source said it better than I could have
-
Writing ideas created from reading a text
-
Running out of time
-
Writing from notes and unable to distinguish original thought from text
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which is NOT a purpose of section headings in a paper?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which heading level is used to designate a major section of the text, and signal to the reader that the text is about to shift gears or introduce a new topic?
Respuesta
-
A Head
-
B head
-
C head
-
D head
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which heading level is written flush to the left, has the first letter of each word capitalized, and categorizes or explains information relevant to a major topical area?
Respuesta
-
A head
-
B head
-
C head
-
D head
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which section of a research paper orients the reader to the study and the paper, and acquaints the reader with the basic research question or problem in clear and concise statement sentences?
Respuesta
-
Title
-
Abstract
-
Introduction
-
Literature review
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
Respuesta
-
Title
-
Abstract
-
Introduction
-
Literature Review
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
Respuesta
-
Title
-
Abstract
-
Introduction
-
Literature Review
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which section of a research paper presents what the data say, and offers interpretations of the meaning of and an analysis of the data?
Respuesta
-
Methodology
-
References, notes, and/or appendices
-
Discussion and/or conclusions
-
Findings or results
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which part of a methodology section explains the way information was collected (e.g., interviews, focus groups, etc.), and how it was collected so another researcher can potentially replicate the method?
Respuesta
-
Analysis techniques
-
Subjects
-
Data
-
Setting
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which writing pitfall obscures whom the subject and recipient of the action is in the sentence?
Respuesta
-
Date stamping
-
Passive voice
-
Vague referrals
-
Long run-on sentences
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What is another name for an interviewee, or the person being asked the questions in an interview?
Respuesta
-
Interrogatee
-
Informant
-
Candidate
-
Applicant
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the options below is not a typical interview structure?
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When an interviewer is fairly certain about the information he/she will uncover with the questions, a(n) _______ structure is useful.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
When a researcher plans certain topics, but leaves the flow of the conversation open to follow the responses of the interviewee, he/she is using a(n) ______________ structure.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
When a researcher assumes that the interview should have standard questions adapted to mirror the subjects' vocabularies and perspectives, and seeks to accommodate the varying interpretation of questions in the interview, this is a(n) _______ structure.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
A question that asks a person to respond simultaneously to two issues in a single question, creating a false dichotomy creating the idea that the response must be one of the other, not both, is a(n) _____.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
When a researcher uses visual cues to evaluate respondent reaction to questions and types data into a laptop, it is called Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A facilitator who works to draw out feelings and ideas of the member of the focus group is called a(n) _______.
Respuesta
-
interviewer
-
informant
-
moderator
-
interested listener
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
When several members of the group jump on board for a particular idea or series of comments about a given idea, attitude, or belief as a result of subgroup pressure, this is called __________.
Respuesta
-
peer pressure
-
moderation
-
synergistic group effect
-
group think
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Focus group data that reflect the collective notions shared and negotiated by a group are ______________.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Points of agreement within the group refers to ____________.
Respuesta
-
consensus
-
dissensus
-
resonance
-
group think
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The first person to write an article on the use of focus groups, or focused interview was
Respuesta
-
Y.R. Zarchin
-
Paul Lazarsfeld
-
C. L. Adler
-
Robert K. Merton
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which technique is most effective at revealing deep level biographical experiences of a person's group?
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the data collection instrument of a focus group called?
Respuesta
-
Question list
-
Survey
-
Moderator's guide
-
Group activity list
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Field research on the cultural dimensions of organizations is called ____________.
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
A field research study conducted by nurses is called _________________.
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The understanding of a social environment from an outsider position is called __________. This is the perspective created in the researcher's analysis, products of interpretations of meaning, theoretical and analytic explanations, and understandings of symbols as mediated through the researcher.
Respuesta
-
thick description
-
subjective soaking
-
emic view
-
etic view
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
A research endeavor that focuses on particular incisions at particular points in the larger setting, group, or institution that are thought to represent salient elements in the lives of participants and in turn, in the life of the larger group or institution is called ___________.
Respuesta
-
new ethnography
-
macroethnography
-
microethnography
-
ethnonursing research
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which is NOT a characteristic common to action research?
Respuesta
-
Collaboration
-
Independence
-
Reflection
-
Participation
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
The action research phase in which the researcher creates a plan to improve the lives of the participants is called ___________.
Respuesta
-
Planning
-
Looking
-
Thinking
-
Action
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The phase of action research in which the researcher assists the people in the research population with examining their situation and recognizing their problems is ____________.
Respuesta
-
Gathering the Information to Answer the Questions
-
Identifying the Research Question(s)
-
Analyzing and Interpreting the Information
-
Sharing the Results with the Participants
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The phase of action research in which the researcher examines the data in relation to potential resolutions to the questions or problems identified during the first stage of the research process is called _________________.
Respuesta
-
Gathering the Information to Answer the Questions
-
Identifying the Research Question(s)
-
Analyzing and Interpreting the Information
-
Sharing the Results with the Participants
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
In action research, the researcher seeks to produce change, which requires meetings with participants at all phases of the research process. One technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed is spontaneous meetings that form in response to particular circumstances or issues. These are called ___________.
Respuesta
-
focus groups
-
in-group forums
-
informal meetings
-
agency
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
During analysis of collected data, which question(s) will the researcher ask to focus in on specific actors, events, and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
Respuesta
-
What and how
-
Why
-
Who, where, when
-
Whether
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
A type of action research in which the researcher is apart from the group studied, identifies a problem after learning information from some practitioner involved with the population, and provides information to the practitioner to test a theoretical framework for intervention. The practitioner then communicates with the group studied. This is called the _________.
Respuesta
-
Technical/Scientific/Collaborative Mode
-
Practical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate Mode
-
Emancipating/Enhancing/Critical Mode
-
Utilization/Participation Mode
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The phase of photo research in which the researcher discusses the reasons why the participant took the photo, what the image means, and what the images are supposed to depict. This is the phase in which the photographer provides his or her voice to the researcher. This is called _______.
Respuesta
-
selecting photographs
-
contextualizing stories
-
codifying
-
capturing photographs
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What aspect of research do unobtrusive measures circumvent?
Respuesta
-
Unethical practices
-
Researcher bias
-
Researcher reactivity
-
Unsound methods
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Officers reading local newspapers from across the state, looking for articles about fraudulent bank checks, car thefts, certain con-games, and other patterns of criminal behaviors to create charts of cities and crimes is an example of _____________.
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Any type of written, drawn, or recorded (video or audio) materials produced for general or mass consumption is called _______. Examples include newspapers, books, magazines, television program transcripts, videotapes, comics, maps, and blogs.
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Records originally produced for a special limited audience that eventually find their way into public domain, and convey important and useful information are called________. Examples of this type of record include official court transcripts, police reports, census information, financial records, crime statistics, school records, and similar documents.
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A type of record that is most familiar to novice researchers. It includes the span of life of an individual from his or her earliest recall to the time of writing the work, and includes descriptions of life experiences, personal insights, and anecdotal reminiscences. This is called ________.
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
A type of record in which researchers serve as editors and commentators to eliminate any repetition
in descriptions, and shorten lengthy discourses. Researchers highlight selected segments and delete
other segments. This type of record is called ________.
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
An underutilized type of private archival material used in research is the ___________.
Respuesta
-
Letter
-
Diary
-
Autobiography
-
Blog
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
The private archival material that can be criticized for removing evidence of the text's author through writing and other practices, but contains information on the social contours of a given time, ideological orientations of a group, or self-reflections about one's activities is the ___________.
Respuesta
-
Letter
-
Diary
-
Autobiography
-
Blog
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The private archival material that is geared for a dual audience, and must involve a consideration of the social roles and personal relationships of both the writer and the reader, is the___________.
Respuesta
-
Letter
-
Diary
-
Autobiography
-
Blog
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
The physical items left behind humans are called traces. The category of traces that are indicators that build up or accumulate over time are measures of __________.
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which term is synonymous with the word past, and refers conceptually to facts and events of long ago?
Respuesta
-
Nostalgia
-
Historical research
-
Historiography
-
History
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Which term attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people, meanings, events, and ideas of the past that have shaped the present?
Respuesta
-
Nostalgia
-
Historical research
-
Historiography
-
History
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
When researchers are using primary source materials, they first must determine if the document or artifact is authentic and valid. What is this process called?
Respuesta
-
External criticism
-
Internal criticism
-
Analysis
-
Identification
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Propaganda that is intentionally biased to create hate toward one group would be filtered out as a genuine, but invalid source during which process?
Respuesta
-
External criticism
-
Internal criticism
-
Plagiarism
-
Investigator detection
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Which type of source is a book of facts and knowledge trivia an example of?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which type of source is a girl's description in her diary of her birthday party?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Which kind of source is a journal article, or textbook?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Which type of source is a drawing of a disaster site created by an artist watching the event?
Respuesta
-
Primary
-
Secondary
-
Tertiary
-
Quaternary
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
A technique that allows the researcher to gain access to the day-to-day accounts of real people without a filter from the "official" perspective and without limits to the class in power is called __________.
Respuesta
-
External criticism
-
Internal criticism
-
Oral history
-
Identification
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
A Web site run by a nonprofit company that seeks to identify and archive billions of Web pages to help researchers seek historical information on a variety of topics and areas is called ____.
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
When do case studies take place?
Respuesta
-
Prior to a staged event to observe planning dynamics
-
During a naturally occurring social event
-
During a staged event planned by researchers
-
After the event occurs
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
A case study requires a deep and full examination of the case through ___________.
Respuesta
-
only primary sources
-
multiple methods and/or sources
-
deep detailed interviewing
-
only secondary and tertiary sources
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
The process by which people understand the stimuli with which they are confronted, how they frame what they see and hear, and how they interpret their own actions and go about solving problems is called _________.
Respuesta
-
case study
-
sensemaking
-
embedded case study
-
ethnobiography
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Which researcher quality can be tested by a researcher's openness to findings that contradict the original research hypothesis?
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Which researcher quality indicates that the researcher is willing to ask questions before, during, and after data collection to determine the true reasons the event is happening?
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Which researcher quality allows the researcher to record data while interpreting and reacting to the data collected?
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Which type of personal document can provide insight into the writer's deepest thoughts such as why a battle is fought, or why serial killers kill through reflecting the inner world of the writer communicated to another?
Respuesta
-
Diary
-
Letter
-
Memo
-
Photo and video
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Which type of personal document requires analysis to determine why it is recorded, and then can provide a window into personal life and relationships?
Respuesta
-
Diary
-
Letter
-
Memo
-
Photo and video
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Which type of case study involves extensive research of several instrumental cases intended to allow better understanding, insight, or improved ability to theorize about a broader context?
Respuesta
-
Embedded case study
-
Intrinsic case study
-
Instrumental case study
-
Collective case study
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
A researcher undertakes a case study because something important has happened, and he/she wants to understand the particular problem because it is unique and interesting. The researcher is not trying to develop new grounded theory or to test abstract theory. Which type of case study is this example of?
Respuesta
-
Embedded case study
-
Intrinsic case study
-
Instrumental case study
-
Collective case study
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Which research design may be seen as a prelude to a large social scientific study, which may or may not involve case studies?
Respuesta
-
Exploratory case study
-
Explanatory case study
-
Descriptive case study
-
Embedded case study
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Which research design uses pattern-matching techniques to examine a plurality of influences in a case study with the goal of analyzing the many factors that build a causal explanation for the case?
Respuesta
-
Exploratory case study
-
Explanatory case study
-
Descriptive case study
-
Embedded case study
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Which type of case study is a set of multiple case studies of the same entity using a multi-design approach to provide a holistic view of the dynamics of the research subject?
Respuesta
-
Snapshot case study
-
Longitudinal case study
-
Pre–post case study
-
Patchwork case study
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Which type of case study investigates one research entity at multiple points in time?
Respuesta
-
Snapshot case study
-
Longitudinal case study
-
Pre–post case study
-
Comparative case study
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
What is a careful, detailed, systematic examination and interpretation of a particular body of material in an effort to identify patterns, themes, biases, and meanings?
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which involves a researcher working with subjects within the established research setting to accomplish a change or action?
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which content analysis technique involves coding categories derived from the raw data itself, in order to generate theories, or theoretically connected explanations the document under analysis?
Respuesta
-
Directed content analysis
-
Summative content analysis
-
Conventional content analysis
-
Narrative content analysis
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Which content analysis technique involves beginning with existing words and phrases from the raw data, and then extending the exploration to understand latent meanings and themes apparent in the data?
Respuesta
-
Directed content analysis
-
Summative content analysis
-
Conventional content analysis
-
Narrative content analysis
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Which is the term for elements that describe the physically present and countable elements of data content?
Respuesta
-
Manifest content
-
Evident content
-
Latent content
-
Concealed content
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Manifest content is comparable to the ________ present in the message.
Respuesta
-
surface structure
-
hidden structure
-
deep structural meaning
-
thick description
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Which piece of communication should be analyzed in terms of explicit themes, relative emphasis on various topics, and the amount of space or time devoted to certain topics?
Respuesta
-
Audience
-
Announcement
-
Sender
-
Message
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Which term describes the categories revealed during coding of the text that look beyond the conscious perspective of the speaker to pull in a broader understanding of the social scientific knowledge base?
Respuesta
-
Ideological stances
-
Sociological constructs
-
In vivo codes
-
Communication themes
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Which unit of analysis counts the number of times a specific person is mentioned in the data?
Respuesta
-
Semantics
-
Characters
-
Concepts
-
Items
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Which unit of analysis measures clusters of words around a certain idea, that is typically a variable in the research hypothesis?
Respuesta
-
Semantics
-
Characters
-
Concepts
-
Items
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Which term describes labels used by members of certain areas to distinguish among things, persons, and events using jargonized terms that may reflect out-group versus in-group classifications?
Respuesta
-
Theoretical classes
-
Concept classes
-
Special classes
-
Common classes
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
12. Which type of coding is designed to inquire widely to include many coding categories carefully and minutely to ensure theoretical grounding later on during the research analysis?
Respuesta
-
Open coding
-
Coding by topic
-
Descriptive coding
-
Analytic coding
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Which type of coding is the second type according to Morse and Richards, and involves gathering material by topic group?
Respuesta
-
Open coding
-
Coding by topic
-
Descriptive coding
-
Analytic coding