Gross Motor Development

Which of the following are correct rules-of-thumb regarding gross motor development?

Put the Four Stages of Control in proper order: 1.) [blank_start]Mobility[blank_end] 2.) [blank_start]Stability[blank_end] 3.) [blank_start]Controlled Mobility[blank_end] 4.) [blank_start]Skill[blank_end]

[blank_start]Structural[blank_end] Stability allows us to stay in a position due to muscle tissue tightness. [blank_start]Positional[blank_end] Stability occurs when we use parts of our body to create a large base of support (BOS). [blank_start]Internal[blank_end] Stability utilizes righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, and protective extension reactions to maintain position.

Once we have gained internal stability in a position, we can always choose to go back to using positional stability in that position.

The ability to weight shift within a posture while still maintaining the overall posture is called ____________.

From the quadruped position, if you shift your weight posteriorly, just behind your knees, what happens to the point of stability (POS)?

From the quadruped position, if you shift your weight posteriorly, just behind your knees, what happens to the Base of support (BOS)?

Of the following reaction types, which develop first?

Development of postural control in the three planes of space. This development occurs sequentially first in the [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] plane, followed by the [blank_start]frontal[blank_end] plane, and then in the [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] plane.

The most significant developmental postures (in order of development) are: [blank_start]Prone[blank_end] [blank_start]Supine[blank_end] [blank_start]Sidelying[blank_end] [blank_start]Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]Quadruped[blank_end] [blank_start]Kneeling[blank_end] [blank_start]Standing[blank_end]

The ATNR position typically first appears around _____.

During Pull-to-Sit, a 1-month old has greater head lag than a neonate.

When does the cervical lordosis begin to appear?

The infant’s primary movement at [blank_start]2[blank_end]-months of age is to lift the head off the support surface and rotate it slightly while in extension. This allows the infant to begin to visually explore its environment.

From supine, lateral vision becomes dominant and results in lots of uncontrolled swiping at toys along the babies side at which age?

The combination of scapular adduction and shoulder abduction and external rotation will increase extension in the thoracic region. This position, which begins at 2-months of age, is called _______.

The Prone on Elbows (POE) position begins around age ______.

At 3-months of age, accidental side-lying may result from weak shoulder stability and/or the PTNR.

Symmetrical Frog-Leg position begins in which month?

This baby is demonstrating which position?

The Prone-on-Hands (POH) position develops at what month?

Children begin sucking on their toes at what age?

Children who do not suck on their toes are likely to develop tactile sensitivity issues with their feet, which can impede the development of a proper gait pattern.

Volitional rolling from supine into side lying begins at what age?

Head Lag during Pull-to-Sit disappears at which age?

Prop-Sitting is common at which age?

The Full-Pivot-Prone position demonstrated in this image is developed at which age?

The ability to independently lift the head off the supporting surface from the supine position occurs at which age?

Volitional rolling from supine to prone occurs at which age?

Pivot in Prone begins at which age?

Crawling begins at which age?

Supine equilibrium reactions are possible at what age?

Independent Pull-to-Sit is possible beginning at what age?

Rocking in Quadruped helps the baby develop which of the following?

Bear-Stance begins in which month?

Starting in the 8th-month, the baby will spend less time in supine, prone, and side-lying.

If you observe a baby sitting with one leg in long-sitting and the other in ring-sitting, you can be relatively certain they are at least what age?

By 7 months of age the infant will have equilibrium reactions in sitting and good lateral protective extension reactions so that if a weight shift is too great and the infant starts to fall toward the side, it will be able to bring the arm out on that side to stop the fall.

The [blank_start]8[blank_end] month old will be able to creep in quadruped and this becomes the infant’s main form of mobility. The infant will begin creeping using lateral trunk flexion which results in a homolateral pattern moving the arm and leg forward on one side of the body. This will progress to reciprocal creeping where one arm and the opposite leg are moved forward, by the [blank_start]8th[blank_end] month.

Generally, babies learn to move into Bear-Stance and to Bear-Walk in the 7th month.

Which sitting postures are developed in the 9th month?

As you sit in your chairs adjust your posture so that you are sitting up tall with your weight equally distributed on your ischial tuberosities. Now, shift your weight to your right so that more weight is on your right ischial tuberosity. With this weight shift you should note that the right side of your trunk is elongated and the left side is shortened. What sort of weight-shift is this?

As you are sitting in your chair with your trunk upright and your weight equally distributed between your two ischial tuberosities, you realize that you have dropped something on the floor just to the right of your right foot. As you reach down with your right hand to pick up this item you will be shifting your weight to your right but the right side of your trunk will be shortening instead of elongating. Which sort of weight-shift is this?

W-Sitting is bad for proper development of the lower extremities and we should immediately correct this behavior.

Tailor-sitting begins in which month?

The 10 month old will use [blank_start]creeping[blank_end] as its primary form of mobility.

The [blank_start]2[blank_end] month old will be characterized by astasia-abasia. The infant will have less control than before and the primary standing and automatic walking disappear. The lack of [blank_start]supporting part of the body weight[blank_end] in standing is called astasia and the lack of [blank_start]automatic walking[blank_end] is called abasia. This is thought to be due to a period of rapid growth and re-organization which the infant is undergoing.

For how many months does astasia-abasia typically last?

The only difference between walking and running is speed.

A full-term newborn's hips are:

During the first 3-4 months the newborn's hips start to AD-Duct, but they are still Flexed.

***Motor development in Prone:  Which list of milestones correctly represents the age and the order the milestone is typically achieved?***

Put these into the Proper Order for the Development of Postural Control in Sitting [blank_start]Head sags, back rounded[blank_end] [blank_start]Rounded spine, neck extension[blank_end] [blank_start]Propped-Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]Sitting w/ erect spine[blank_end] [blank_start]Ring-Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]Half-Ring-Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]W-Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]Side-Sitting[blank_end] [blank_start]Long-Sitting[blank_end]

Put these into the Proper Order for the Locomotor Skill Progression [blank_start]Rocks in creeping position[blank_end] [blank_start]Pulls-to-Stand with symmetrical LE ext.[blank_end] [blank_start]Bounces in stand[blank_end] [blank_start]Pulls to stand through ½ kneel[blank_end] [blank_start]Cruise/walking with 2 hands held[blank_end] [blank_start]Cruising semi-turned along furniture[blank_end] [blank_start]Lowers self from supported stand[blank_end] [blank_start]Walks with 2 hands held[blank_end] [blank_start]Stands alone for short periods of time[blank_end] [blank_start]Stands alone[blank_end] [blank_start]Walks w/ one hand held[blank_end] [blank_start]Walks alone[blank_end]

***Think about the development of postural control from sit to cruising.  Of the following milestones, which set best describes a typical sequence?***