9314483
Descripción
Test por Audrey Anderson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Audrey Anderson
hace alrededor de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The "aha!" experience is known as ________.
Respuesta
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latent learning
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insight learning
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cognitive restructuting
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S-O-R learning
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding conditioned taste aversions is true?
Respuesta
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The delay between the CS and UCS in a conditioned tasted aversion can be as long as six or even eight hours.
-
Conditioned taste aversions tend to be remarkably general, where an entire type of food will be found distasteful even after only one specific food causes an illness.
-
Conditioned taste aversions can be induced in human beings, but not in lower animals.
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Repeated pairings between the CS and UCS are needed in order to establish a conditioned taste aversion.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The research into the usefulness of considering an individual's learning style has found which of the following?
Respuesta
-
The visual learning style is most predictive of academic success.
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People who have kinesthetic learning styles are less likely to do well in a classroom than people with visual or auditory learning styles.
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Certain teaching approaches tend to be the most effective irrespective of individual learning styles.
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People who have a read/write learning style tend to have higher "analytic intelligence", which in turn predicts more academic success at the college level.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Studies of latent learning emphasise the importance of ________ on learning.
Respuesta
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experience
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reinforcement
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punishment
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cognitive processes
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
You wake up at 3.00 am craving a glass of water. You get out of bed and walk to the kitchen but you do not turn on the light. Your ability to successfully navigate the house in the dark is due to the presence of ________.
Respuesta
-
insight learning
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vicarious learning
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a cognitive map
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sleep learning
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which type of neuron becomes active when we engage in observational learning?
Respuesta
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mirror neuron
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receiving neuron
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motor neuron
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sensory neuron
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?
Respuesta
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Seligman
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Bandura
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Tolman
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Kohler
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refers to the fact that animals and human beings may be evolutionarily predisposed to fear certain stimuli that threaten their survival?
Respuesta
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preparedness
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construct survival
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emotional aversions
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instinctive drift
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What does SALTT stand for?
Respuesta
-
Symbiotic Approach to Learning Tactile Techniques
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Suggestive Accelerative Learning and Teaching Techniques
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Supplemental Administrative Learning and Teaching Tools
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Shared Authority for Learning Times Tables
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Sarah has recently learned that the sun does not go up and down each day, but that it is the Earth that moves. The fact that Sarah visualises the Earth moving up and down next to the sun each day (rather than orbiting the sun on its axis) demonstrates which Piagetian developmental task?
Respuesta
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conservation
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accomodation
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assimilation
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equilibriation
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Julie is expected to cut the lawn weekly. Her parents only give her money once in a while after she cuts the lawn. Julie is being conditioned using a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
Respuesta
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partial
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variable ratio
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fixed ratio
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continuous
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
In S-O-R learning, what does the "O" stand for?
Respuesta
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observation
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organism
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obfuscation
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operant
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
________ was the first person to describe learning as acquired through classical conditioning while studying the digestive process of dogs.
Respuesta
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John Watson
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Albert Bandura
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Ivan Pavlov
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B. F. Skinner
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS—UCS linkage was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of ________.
Respuesta
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generalisation
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operant conditioning
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higher-order conditioning
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neoclassical conditioning
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behaviour, while a punisher is a consequence that ________ a behaviour.
Respuesta
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strengthens; weakens
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inhibits; motivates
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weakens; strengthens
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motivates; stimulates
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
An animal trainer is trying to teach a lion to perform tricks for circus. First the lion is given food if he sits quietly on a chair. Next the lion is given food if he raises one paw. Finally the lion is given even more food if he gives the trainer a "high-five". In this example, the lion is being trained by ________.
Respuesta
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negative reinforcement
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shaping
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punishment
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generalisation
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is called ________.
Respuesta
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discovery learning
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effective based learning
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operant conditioning
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classical conditioning
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats, but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence, Albert may learn to fear the rats. In this example, white rats would be the
Respuesta
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CR
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UCR
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UCS
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CS
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following is true concerning intermittent schedules of reinforcement?
Respuesta
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All combinations of intermittent schedules yield similar rates of responding.
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Interval schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to ratio schedules.
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Ratio schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to interval schedules.
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Fixed schedules yield higher rates of responding as compared to variable schedules.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following statements pertaining to the conditioned response is accurate?
Respuesta
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The conditioned response is a reflex.
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The conditioned response is an instinctual behaviour.
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The conditioned response is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
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The conditioned response is elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What method of personality assessment is considered the most controversial in psychology today?
Respuesta
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Structured personality tests
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Projective tests
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Polygraph tests
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Graphology
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
One concern with the use of structured personality tests, like the MMPI, is that certain questions do not appear to be relevant to the psychological dimensions they supposedly measure. A psychologist would say such questions have a low degree of ________.
Respuesta
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face validity
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internal consistency reliability
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content validity
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inter-rater reliability
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
According to your textbook, criminal profilers are
Respuesta
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no more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.
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more accurate and insightful than college students, but not any more accurate than clinical psychologists in their judgements.
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much more accurate and insightful than college students with no training in criminology.
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less accurate and insightful than both college students and clinical psychologists in their judgements.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The Luscher Colour Test, a popular projective test, is
Respuesta
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not useful at all for assessing personalities.
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actually harmful to those who take it.
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useful for predicting future behaviours.
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useful for predicting personality traits.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Tests consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret are called ________.
Respuesta
-
structured personality tests
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face validity
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projective tests
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Rorschach tests
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The ________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.
Respuesta
-
TAT
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NEO
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Rorschach
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MMPI
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Many people believe in the validity of activities like palmistry, tarot card reading, and astrology. The evidence to support the usefulness of these activities as anything other than entertainment is virtually non-existent. This reminds you to consider which principle of critical thinking the next time you are at a carnival with a mind reader or a fortune teller?
Respuesta
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replicability
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extraordinary claims
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falsifiability
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ruling out rival hypotheses
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
When Kate read her horoscope for the day, she was amazed to find that it described her very well. She is probably a victim of
Respuesta
-
self-actualisation.
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social desirability bias.
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mental set bias.
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the P.T. Barnum effect.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Quentin is suffering from a disorder that causes him to have problems recognising everyday objects. The other day he was looking at a wine glass and couldn't come up with its name. He said to his wife, "I want one of those things that you hold the wine in", but try as he did, he could not find the word "glass". This demonstrates a form of visual ________.
Respuesta
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aphasia
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ataxia
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apraxia
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agnosia
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
According to the opponent process theory of colour vision, the correct pairings of opposite colours are ________.
Respuesta
-
black versus white, red versus green, and blue versus yellow
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greyscales, blue versus red, and green versus yellow
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black versus gray and white versus coloured
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blue versus green and red versus yellow
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is
Respuesta
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hue
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pitch
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loudness
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timbre
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The bony, spiral-shaped sense organ used for hearing is the
Respuesta
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pinna
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basilar membrane
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timbre
-
cochlea
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The part of the ear we see is called the
Respuesta
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pinna
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ossicle
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tympanic membrane
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cochlea
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
One theory of pitch perception is the ________ theory, which suggests that the rate at which neurons in the ear fire produces different pitches. This theory is particularly effective at explaining humans' perception of lower pitches.
Respuesta
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place
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opponent-process
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frequency
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volley
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A whistle that gives a sound so high that it can only be heard by dogs, but not humans, exploits which aspect of the auditory system?
Respuesta
-
decibels
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timbre
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pitch
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loudness
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years. He would often turn the volume on his guitar up loud and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows. His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of
Respuesta
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noise-induced hearing loss
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nerve deafness
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tinnitus
-
conductive deafness
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The complexity or quality of sound that makes instruments, voices, and other sources of sound unique is called
Respuesta
-
acuity
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audition
-
wavelength
-
timbre
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Research exploring infantile temperament has found that there are generally three different temperaments. They are
Respuesta
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secure, insecure, and disorganised.
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anxious, responsive, and relaxed.
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easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up.
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sensorimotor, preoperational, and operational.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
According to Kohlberg, behaviour motivated by the avoidance of punishment and the gaining of rewards represents ________ morality.
Respuesta
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formal conventional
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conventional
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preconventional
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postconventional
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Young Jamal is asked whether it is right for a police officer to give a speeding ticket to a man who is driving his daughter to the hospital after a serious injury that left her with several broken bones. Which of the following answers would demonstrate the postconventional level of moral reasoning in Jamal?
Respuesta
-
"Speeding is breaking the rules, and when you break the rules, you deserve to be punished."
-
"Everyone speeds and he has a good reason, so he shouldn't get a ticket."
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"He broke the rules. He should get a ticket, but should have to pay less than someone who was speeding for no good reason."
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"The man was trying to get his daughter to help, and he wasn't hurting anyone. As long as he doesn't normally speed, he should be let off with a warning."
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Sixteen-year old Brenda's parents are political conservatives, while she identifies more with liberal political views. When asked her political orientation, Brenda seems uncertain and does not respond. Brenda is dealing with the ________ crisis.
Respuesta
-
industry versus inferiority
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identity versus role confusion
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ego integrity versus despair
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autonomy versus shame and doubt
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Bertram is a surly child who can't bear to be alone, yet he has few friends because he has little self-control. Even the children he prefers to be with, who are much younger than he is, get frustrated with his impulsiveness. His parents are probably of the ________ type.
Respuesta
-
authoritarian
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permissive
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authoritative
-
uninvolved
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
An individual's ability to handle their given roles in society is called their ________ age, and it may be a better indicator of that person's readiness to retire from work then chronological age.
Respuesta
-
social
-
biological
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functional
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psychological
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which one of the following children would most likely be described as "independent"?
Respuesta
-
Jeremiah, who has a disorganised attachment to his mother
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James, who has an insecure-avoidant attachment to his mother
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Jerome, who has a secure attachment to his mother
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Jesse, who has an insecure-anxious attachment to his mother
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which of the following is not one of the dimensions of the Big Five?
Respuesta
-
extraversion
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sociability
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openness to experience
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conscientiousness
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Jayne is a 26-month-old toddler. She is most likely in the ________ stage.
Respuesta
-
anal
-
genital
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oral
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phallic
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Most of the neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's ideas on
Respuesta
-
the unconscious influences on behaviour.
-
our inborn, basic destructive impulses.
-
the important roles of sexuality and aggression in personality development.
-
the importance of later adult experiences influencing personality development.
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
According to the humanists, a core motive in human personality development was
Respuesta
-
resolving internal motivational conflict.
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self-actualisation
-
conditional acceptance.
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achieving desired behavioural contingencies.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Justin is working on his psychology assignment for class when he gets a phone call inviting him to a party. His decision to finish the assignment before going to the party reflects the functioning of the ________.
Respuesta
-
conscious
-
id
-
superego
-
ego
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The role of reciprocal determinism was highlighted by the ________.
Respuesta
-
social learning theorists
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trait theorists
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behaviourists
-
humanists
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
A ________ is a specialised cell responsible for converting external stimuli into neural activity for a specific sensory system.
Respuesta
-
selective attention
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sense receptor
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cell sensor
-
sensory adaptation
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Jordan and her friends are in the front row for a rock concert. During the concert, the lead singer moves all around the stage but Jordan continues to perceive him as the same height even though the image received in her eye and brain constantly changes. This illustrates which type of perceptual constancy?
Respuesta
-
Location constancy
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Size constancy
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Shape constancy
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Colour constancy
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which of the following is the best example of the signal-to-noise ratio?
Respuesta
-
Bobby is shouting at the neighbour's dog that is digging up his yard.
-
Robyn has to shout over the boisterous crowd at the football game to be heard
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While listening to the television, Kate is also reading her textbook.
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Lisa has to listen very carefully to hear her friend talking in the car.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Jan can see objects well up close, but they appear blurry from afar. She is probably
Respuesta
-
farsighted
-
developing a cataract
-
colour blind
-
nearsighted
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
A blind spot is a part of the visual field we can't see, where the ________ connects to the ________.
Respuesta
-
optic nerve; sclera
-
cornea; iris
-
optic nerve; retina
-
retina; pupil
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
When Bill looks at his lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye, the image seems to jump from one position to another. This phenomenon illustrates ________.
Respuesta
-
divergence
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interposition
-
convergence
-
binocular disparity
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
As the number of people talking in a room increases, the stimulus intensity needed to detect a change in the number of people talking becomes
Respuesta
-
same
-
finer
-
greater
-
smaller
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
The white part of the eye is the
Respuesta
-
sclera
-
retina
-
fovea
-
pupil
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Stanton is taking chemistry with Ms Neville and has heard many negative stories about her class from his friends. The fact that his beliefs about Ms Neville affect his interpretation of his interactions with her during the school year is an example of
Respuesta
-
top-down processing
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subliminal processing.
-
parallel processing.
-
bottom-up processing.
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Functionalism seeks to explain
Respuesta
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The building blocks of psychological experience
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What people are thinking as they complete various tasks
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The evolutionary advantages certain behaviours can provide
-
How physical advantages further evolution
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