NM1 Exam 2

What angle should the ankle be at in initial contact?

If an unexpected obstacle popped up out of the floor what type of postural control would a patient use?

Which strategy occurs in response to a small perturbation on a firm support surface?

Which order do the muscles fire in an ankle strategy?

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the ANKLE strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Which strategy occurs in response to larger or faster perturbations, or when the support surface is compliant (i.e. soft), or very narrow (i.e. a balance beam).

Which direction do the muscles fire in a hip strategy?

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a BACKWARD-induced sway (aka backward-sway, posterior-sway, made to move backward)?

Which of the following represents the proper order of activation for the HIP strategy used in response to a FORWARD-induced sway (aka forward-sway, anterior sway, made to move forward)?

Which postural strategy utilizes UE movements

If the necessary musculature for a given strategy is significantly weak (weak ankle or trunk musculature), a stepping strategy may be employed instead.

If someone were standing on a foam-pad and they were pushed forward what muscles would they recruit to prevent LOB? Which strategy is this?

If you were to nudge a patient on his sternum in a posterior direction on a firm surface what postural strategy do you think he might use? What muscles would be activated (in order of activation) to prevent a LOB?

If you were to ask a patient to stand on a piece of foam what sensory system(s) would be providing inaccurate information for postural control? What system(s) would be providing accurate information?

Which test(s) would you use to test somatosensation, vision, and the vestibular system?

Which system do young children typically rely upon for balance?

Which of the following conditions is most likely to have scaling difficulties with the postural synergies?

Which of the following conditions is most likely to demonstrate coactivation of the postural synergies?

Which of the following tests assess anticipatory postural control?

If an individual has an inferior shoulder subluxation, what is the position of the humerus, humeral head, and scapula?

Select the Intrinsic Causes of Shoulder Subluxation.

Which of the following are in agreement with Fitts' Law?

What are the 2 requirements for a successful grasp?

Moving the arm into shoulder flexion or abduction without proper scapulohumeral rhythm, may cause which of the following?

Without proper scapulohumeral rhythm, which of the following motions are likely to cause shoulder impingement?

[blank_start]Action Research Arm[blank_end] Test - Assesses upper limb functioning using observational methods [blank_start]Box and Block[blank_end] Test - Assesses unilateral gross manual dexterity [blank_start]Wolf Motor Function[blank_end] Test - Quantitative measure of upper extremity motor ability through timed and functional tasks.

What neurological diagnosis do you think is likely to have motor adaptation problems?

Hypermetric scaling is likely to result from which of the following?

What neurologic condition will result in delayed initiation of reaching tasks?

In a reach-and-grasp task, which of the following elements is most important for the accuracy of the movement?

Which of the following may cause shoulder pain?

[blank_start]Progression[blank_end]: Rhythmic patterns of muscle activation advance the body in the desired direction. Also includes the ability to initiate, terminate and guide movement in a desired direction. [blank_start]Stability[blank_end]: The ability to maintain upright posture against gravity and against perturbations (expected and unexpected) during gait. [blank_start]Adaptation[blank_end]: The ability to alter the gait pattern to meet the demands of the environment (negotiating obstacles, uneven terrain, and altering speed and direction).

[blank_start]Step Length[blank_end] - The distance from initial contact of one foot to initial contact of the other foot. [blank_start]Stride Length[blank_end] - The distance covered from initial contact of one foot to the following initial contact by the same foot. [blank_start]Step Width[blank_end] - Horizontal distance between the middle heel of one foot and the middle heel of the opposite foot [blank_start]Cadence[blank_end] - The number of steps per unit of time (112.5 per minute or 1.9 steps/second) [blank_start]Gait Velocity[blank_end] - The average horizontal speed of the body.

[blank_start]Temporal Cortex[blank_end] - ID what an object is [blank_start]Parietal Lobe[blank_end] - ID where an object is [blank_start]Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia[blank_end] - Modify and Refine Movement [blank_start]Motor Cortex[blank_end] - Activates motor pathways according to movement plan [blank_start]Cerebellum[blank_end] - Error Detection/Correction during movement

While moving both arms towards targets of identical size and distance, one arm had to mover over a hurdle, but the other did not. Movement time increased for both arms. Why?

While moving both arms towards targets of identical size and distance, one arm had to move over a hurdle, but the other did not. The movement trajectory increased for the arm moving over the hurdle, but so did the trajectory for the other arm. Why?

Limbs like to time movement together, either in-phase or out-of-phase. Why?

According the Sensory Organization test (SOT/ CTSIB) which of the following conditions isolates the vestibular system:

You are standing in soft sand with your feet together when your friend unexpectedly pushes you forward? To prevent a loss of balance you respond with the following muscle activation pattern (in order of recruitment):

Individuals with co-activation of the postural synergies most likely have a lesion in which area of the central nervous system:

You are standing in the dark on a pillow, in order to maintain postural stability your CNS is primarily relying on your:

You are walking through the forest when you unexpectedly trip on a tree root requiring you to employ a postural strategy to prevent you from falling down? This is an example of:

While walking with your patient, she encounters a freshly mopped floor? Prior to stepping onto the wet surface, she slows her walking and begins taking short, shuffling steps? Which of the following best describes your observations?

A Trendelenberg gait pattern is the _________gait pattern due to ________.

Which of the following best explains why the pelvis rotates forward during gait?

During stance, individuals with hip extensor weakness compensate by:

Which muscle group controls the knee from the end of the loading response to midstance (i.e. from 15 degrees of flexion to 0 degrees of flexion)?

Which of the following is the correct order of events for a normal reach and grasp?

Your patient's right arm is weaker than her left arm. During bimanual tasks you observe that the right arm is able to move faster (more like the left arm) than when the arm is moved individually? This is known as:

During examination of UE control, you observe your patient reach for an object. The patient exhibits slow movement and movement decomposition to reach the object. When asked to reach quickly, the patient over-shoots the object. Strength testing reveals good to normal UE strength. Sensation is intact. Where is this lesion?

Which of the following is true regarding shoulder subluxation?

Which of the following is true regarding examination and treatment of shoulder dysfunction?