Emotions have physiological connections, are expressed physically through either gestures or facial expressions. They can also result from certain events, and many times lead to an action.
Moods are known to last longer than emotions, maybe up to two days. They are not expressed physically and don't come from certain events.
Attitudes are more cerebral than moods.
Joseph LeDoux has shown that certain areas of the brain are triggered when people are feeling certain emotions.
Facial expressions are universal: gestures are not.
Paul Ekman (expert) reads emotions in facial expressions.