Theorists

Bowlby's theory psychodynamic approach

Attachment - an affectional tie that one person or animal forms between himself and another specific one - a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time. Sensitive period - (6 to 30 months) innately programmed to form an emotional bond to one main primary care giver (mother) only form if adults are sensitive and responsive to communication (social releases) effect attachment if they don't respond. Emotional attachment of young children are shown in preference for particular familiar people. Secure base - from familiar adults to explore the environment, go to them in time of distress Internal working model - contributes to the foundation of emotional and personality development (schema) whatever behaviour you see in a toddler continues in their later life. Abrupt separation - of the toddler from familiar people or significant inability of carers interfere attachment. Short term + possible long terms impact on the child's emotional and intellectual development (PIES)Care giver sensitivity - main idea that effects good quality attachment 

Ainsworth (part of Bowlby)

Strange Situation Securely attached - mothers who are more sensitive, accepting and co-operative to the needs of a child Insecure avoidant - more rejecting, less attention to the child, the child is find on its own Insecure resistant - mothers tended to be occupied with routine activities when holding the child (too busy for the child) Factors that effect attachmentTemperament hypothesis: Kagen (1984) certain personality or temperamental characteristics of a child can impact a mothers responsiveness to a child - employment of the mum      - material break up - illness - stress 

Frued - Psychodynamic Perspective 

The Unconscious Mind: The conscious - the small amount of mental activity we know about (thoughts and perceptions) The preconscious - things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried (memories and stored knowledge)The unconscious - things we are unaware of and can not become aware of (fears, unacceptable sexual desires, selfish needs)Abnormal Psyche ID - something we are born with, it operates the pleasure principle, it's general motive is the satisfaction of these desires. If frustrated - becomes aggressive. if too strong: I WANT IT NOW !!!!!!!! SUPER-EGO - operates the morality principle, includes what is right and wrong, need to behave in ways our parents would approve of, if we don't - makes us feel guilty and anxiety. if too strong: not here to enjoy yourself, they are in charge. EGO - concerned with reality, balances of the ID with the constraints of the super-ego realistically. If a person has an ID and EGO but no SUPER-EGO: they don't care, they want to hurt people, very selfish Healthy Psyche - a strong ego, can hold the id's instincts in check but still allow it some gratification in a way that the superego finds acceptable. Toddlerhood - realise they are individuals, recognise they have desires, wants and needs and this is when the ego forms not supposed to but want to. 

Frued - Psychodynamic Perspective (2) 

Psychosexual Stages O A P L G        Oral - (0-18 months) breast feeding/weaning = key experiences, orally aggressive too R N H A E        soon can have signs such as chewing gum/pens. Orally passive too late can have A A A T N        signs such as smoking. = manipulative personality/gullibility. Id is dominant.L L L E I          Anal - (18-36 months) bowls and bladder, toilet training = key experiences, too strict:     L N T         obsession with organisation or excessive neatness, too lenient: reckless, carless     L C A     I  Y L      C