3.3 Assessment Tools and Methods

Descripción

Given a scenario, select methods or tolls appropriate to conduct an assessment and analyze results.
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What are a few types of assessment tools? - Port Scanners - Vulnerability Scanners - Protocol Analyzer - Network Enumerator - Password Cracker - Fuzzer - Exploitation Tools/Frameworks
What does a port scanner do? Pings every port and protocol combination to attempt to find open ports on system.
What does a protocol analyzer do? Sniffs and collects raw packets from the network.
What is a network enumerator? Scans the network and gathers information about users, groups and shares that are visible.
What is eavesdropping? Malicious sniffing.
What is fingerprinting? Performing network enumeration.
What is a fuzzer? A tool that finds and exploits web application weaknesses.
What is an HTTP interceptor? Intercepts web traffic between a browser and a website.
What are common exploitation tools and frameworks? - Metasploit - CANVAS - IMPACT
What CHAP and what is the process? - Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol - Router sends challenge message - Remote nodes responds with value (MD5) - Local router verifies hash.
What is a core or memory dump? When attackers gain access to sensitive data stored in buffers.
What are 5 steps of penetration testing? - Document - Gather information - Identify vulnerabilities - Execute attacks - Document results.
What are 3 testing strategies? - Blind test - Double Blind Test - Target Test
What is a blind test? - The testing team has limited knowledge of network systems and devices. - Uses only publicly available information. - Internal security team knows about test
What is a double-blind test? - Same as blind test except internal security team doesn't know about it either. - Requires equal effort from testing team and internal security team.
What is a target test? - When testing team and internal security team are given maximum information about network and type of test.
What are 3 penetration test categories knowledge levels? - Zero-knowledge test - Partial-knowledge test - Full-knowledge test
What is a zero-knowledge test? Testing team is provided no information about network. - Also called black-box (closed) testing.
What is a partial-knowledge test? Testing team has public knowledge about network. - Boundaries may be set.
What is a full-knowledge test? Testing team is provided with all information about network.
What are three categories of penetration testing? - Black Box - White Box - Gray Box
What is fingerprinting? Scanning a network and hosts to identify services and open ports.
What are 2 forms of fingerprinting? - Active - Passive
What is active fingerprinting? - When tools transmit packed to remote hosts and analyze replies for clues.
What is passive fingerprinting? Capturing packets sent across the network.
What are the main 2 types of code review? - Formal review - Lightweight
What is a formal code review? - Thorough, line-by-line inspection. - Time consuming
What is a lightweight code review? - Normal part of development process.
What are some forms of lightweight code review? - Pair programming - Email - Over the shoulder - Tool-assited
What is pharming? Pollutes the contents of a computers DNS so it re-routes web requests to bad sites.
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