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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Which somatomotor neurons are responsible for eye movements? | CN III (occulomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens) |
| the 2 cerebral regions for eye movement control. | frontal eye fields supplementary eye fields |
| Nuclei controlling/coordinating eye movements are | 1. superior colliculi 2. vestibular nucleus |
| Which branch sends input to the vestibular nucleus? | vestibular branch of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) |
| Special movement features of the eyes | 1. smooth pursuit 2. vergence 3. saccades 4. optokinetic nystagmus 5. vestibuloocular reflex |
| smooth pursuit is controlled by _______ | parietal-temporal-occipital cortex (PTO) |
| saccades are controlled by | Frontal eye fields |
| This muscle elevates the eye | superior rectus |
| This muscle depresses the eye | inferior rectus |
| This muscle adducts the eye | medial rectus |
| This muscle abducts the eye | lateral rectus |
| This muscle gives intorsion to the eye | superior oblique |
| This muscle gives extorsion to the eye | inferior oblique |
| CN III innervates | 1. inferior, superior, medial recti 2. inferior oblique 3. levator palpebrae |
| CN IV innervates | superior oblique (think: SO4) |
| CN VI innervates | lateral rectus (abducens ABDUct!) |
| CN III arises from _____ nuclei | oculomotor complex (oculomotor nucleus) |
| Midbrain transverse cut, if you can see superior colliculi, the nueclei ventral to cerebral aqueduct are | oculomotor nuclei |
| The axons from oculomotor nuclei travels ventrally through the ________ and _______, exiting the midbrain between _________. Arteries surrounding its path: __________, ________. | midbrain central --> ventral tegmentum --> exits between cerebral peduncles Vessels: posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery |
| Right dorsal to the oculomor nucleus, there are the _________, which are the origin for parasympathetic control of pupils. | Edinger-Westphal |
| The trochlear nerve arise from _________ in the midbrain at the level of ________. They are ______ to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and are at the ______ of the periaqueductal gray. | The trochlear nerve arises from [trochlera nucleus] in the midbrain at the level of [inferior colliculus]. They are [lateral] to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and are at the [ventraomedial border] of the periaqueductal gray. |
| The abducens nerve arises in the _______ nucleus in the _____. They are wrapped around by the genu of _______ and are at the posterior border of _______. | abducens nucleus in the pons genu of facial nerve (CN VII) 4th vnericle |
| The frontal eye fields (BA ___) control the ______ movements. There is also a supplementary eye field (BA ___) which initiate voluntaryFEF: BA8 eye movement. | FEF: BA8. Controls saccades. SEF: BA6. |
| When something is in your left visual field, the (left/right) FEF is activated by visual cortex to plan a saccade in the left. | RIGHT |
| Outline the saccade pathway starting from 'object of interest in left visual field' | 1. object of interest in left visual field 2. FEF of right hemisphere activated 3. axon exits R FEF and synapse in right superior colliculus 4. axon enter the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to descend and decussate 5. axon from R MLF synapse with L paramedial pontine reticular formation (PPRF) 'horizontal gaze center' 6a. L PPRF synpase with L abducens neurons 7a. L abducens neuron activates L lateral rectus 8a. L eye abducted 6b. L PPRF also synapse with abducens interneurons which decussates to travel to R MLF 7b. axon from R MLF synapse on medial rectus motor neurons in the righr oculomotor nucleus 8b. right eye adducts. |
| The eye movements are also coordinated by the _______ of basal ganglia which relays from _______,______and_____ to speficy the 'what and where' of what we see. | The eye movements are also coordinated by the [caudate nucleus] of basal ganglia which relays from [parietal, temporal, aand occipital aasociation cortex] to specify the 'what and where' of what we see. |
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