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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 12-18 years Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. Occurs during important event of the formation of relationships |
| Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 19-40 years Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. important event: relationships |
| Stage 7:Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 40-65 years Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. important events: work and parenthood |
| Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 65-death Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. important event: reflection on life |
| Stage 2: Autonomoy vs. Shame and doubt (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 2-3 years Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. Occurs during important event of toilet training |
| Stage 3: Initiative vs. guilt (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 3-5 years Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. Occurs during the time wherein children are exploring |
| Stage 4: Industry vs. inferiority (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 6-11 years Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority. occurs during the time children start going to school |
| Karen Horney | Neo-psychoanalystical Rather than sexuality, personality development is relationship with others Focussed on neuroticism and neurotic needs to be wanted, helped, accepted - moving 1) towards 2) against 3) away from Social and cultural factors affect personality |
| Horney's Neurotic Needs | Moving towards people - recognising others as sources of support, affection, approval, etc Moving against people - trying to control others, reduce their representation of normality (all while seeking help from them) Moving away from people - avoiding or staying away from others for fear of criticism and/or harm |
| Alfred Adler | Neo-psychoanalytical Believed that personality did not consist of competing and conflicting sources (suggested by Freud) Saw the importance of individual differences and social context Investigated the influence of birth order on personality |
| Jung | Neo-psychoanalytical Suggested that the psyche is comprised of 3 components: ego, personal unconcious and collective unconcious Disagreed with Frued about the role of sexuality First introduced concept of Introvert and Extrovert Yin-Yang concepts (Sensing-Intuition, Extrovert-Introvert, etc.) --> strongly influenced Myers-Briggs personality test |
| Jung's 3 Components of the Psyche | 1. Concious mind - represented by the ego 2. Personal unconcious - contains memories (including those that have been surpressed) 3. Collective unconcious - Believed to serve as a form of psychological inheritance --> contains all the knowledge and experiences shared as a species |
| Erik Erikson | Neo-Psychoanalytical Personality develops throughout life 8 stages of development Shifted the emphasis Freud placed on the ID and EGO (bio & instincts) to the conscious and rational |
| Archetypes | Developed by Jung Suggested that these models are innate, universal and inherited Archetypes are unlearned and serve to organise how we experience certain things |
| Erikson's 8 stages of development | 1. Trust Vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. Initiative vs. guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. role confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. generativity vs. stagnation 8. ego integrity vs. despair |
| Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson's 8 stages of dev.) | 0-18 months Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers can be seen as a source of reliability, care and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Occurs during the important even of feeding |
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