Fluid & Electrolytes Key Terms

Pregunta	Respuesta
Intracellular fluid	the fluid within cells
Extracellular fluid	all the fluid outside the cells,
Intracellular dehydration	the loss of or deprivation of water from the body or tissues
Electrolytes	are substances that are capable of breaking into particles called ions.
Major cations (+)	sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen, and magnesium ions
Major anions (-)	chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate
Solvents	liquids that hold a substance in solution
Solutes	substances that are dissolved in a solution
Osmosis	water passes from an area of lower solute concentration and more water to an area of greater solute concentration and less water
Osmolarity	The concentration of particles in a solution, or its pulling power
Isotonic	When a solution has about the same concentration of particles, or osmolarity, as plasma
Hypertonic	When a solution has a greater osmolarity than plasma
Hypotonic	When a solution has less osmolarity than plasma
Diffusion	the tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent. The solute moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established
Active transport	process that requires energy for the movement of substances through a cell membrane, against the concentration gradient, from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
Capillary filtration	results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries.
Hydrostatic pressure	The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space
Colloid osmotic pressure	the force that pulls fluids back into the capillaries from the interstitial space
pH	The unit of measure used to describe acid–base balance
Acidosis	the condition characterized by an excess of H ions or loss of base ions (bicarbonate) in ECF in which the pH falls below 7.35.
Alkalosis	when there is a lack of H ions or a gain of base (bicarbonate) and the pH exceeds 7.45
Buffer	a substance that prevents body fluids from becoming overly acidic or alkaline
Hypovolemia	caused by a loss of both water and solutes in the same proportion from the ECF space; isotonic fluid loss
Third spacing	a distributional shift of body fluids into the transcellular compartment, such as the pleural, peritoneal (ascites), or pericardial areas; joint cavities; the bowel; or an excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.
Hypervolemia	excess of isotonic fluid in the extracellular fluid space
Edema	Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia	Excessive sodium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in sodium concentration in ECF
Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia	Excessive magnesium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in magnesium concentration in ECF
Hyperphosphatemia/Hypophosphatemia	Excessive phosphate concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in phosphate concentration in ECF
Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia	Excessive potassium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in potassium concentration in ECF
Hypercalcemia/Hypocalcemia	Excessive calcium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in calcium concentration in ECF
Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia	Excessive chloride concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in chloride concentration in ECF
metabolic acidosis	deficit of bicarbonate concentration in ECF
Metabolic alkalosis	excess of HCO3 concentration in ECF
Respiratory acidosis	primary excess of carbonic acid in the ECF
Respiratory alkalosis	primary deficit of carbonic acid in the ECF
Arterial blood gases	laboratory tests commonly used to determine the adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation,

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