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Creado por J yadonknow
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Darwin's experiment | Cap on tip - no bending Conclusion - tip sense light, response elsewhere New Hypothesis: Chem. substance transported |
Steroids | Cholesterol Test/Oest/Cortisol |
Peptides | GH, PTH, Oxytocin |
Amino Acids | TH, catecholeamines |
Endocrine -FDBCK | External stimulus Hypothalamus Releasing hormone AP Tropic hormone Hormone |
Pituitary gland function | Releases hormones that regulate other hormone glands |
Tumour | Only grow upward, sits in skeletal fossa, compresses optic nerve |
Where is A.P? | Always same size as optic chiasma |
P.P. hormones | Oxytocin/ADH |
P hormone release | Produced in paraventricular + supraoptic nucleus Travel intraxonally Stored in axon terminals Released into CB when + by action potential from pituitary |
Oxytocin MOA | Binds to R Raises IC [Ca2+] Acts as 2' mess. Triggers myoepithelial cells of mammary glands to contract |
Neuroendocrine reflex of milk secretion | Suckling-> Hypo -> p.p. -> oxytocin -> milk ejection |
A.P. hormones FLAT PG | FSH gonads gonadotrophs LH gonads gonadotrophs ATCH adrenal glands corticotrophs TSH Thyroid gland Thyrotrophs Prolactin Mammary glands Lactotrophs GH Bone/skel. muscle somatotrophs |
Hypothalamus control of A.P. GCTG SD | GnRH -> FSH/LH Corticotropin RH -> ACTH TRH -> TSH GHRH -> GH SS -| Prolactin DA -| Anterior pituitary |
Posterior lobe circulation | Neurohypophysis Neurosecretory cell transport hormone to P.P. |
Anterior lobe circulation | Portal vein connects pituitary + hypothalamic CB |
Direct met. effects of GH | Anabolic Opposes insulin, stims cells to converse glucose for CNS. |
Effects on muscle | Decreased glucose uptake Increase aa uptake/pro synth. Increased muscle mass |
Effects on adipose tissue | Decreased glucose uptake increased lipolysis Decrease in fat deposits |
Effects on liver | Increased gluconeogenesis Increased protein synthesis Stimulates IGF production |
Indirect growth promoting effect of GH | GH-> Liver -> IGF -> skeletal growth/bone deposition/cartilage formation -> Soft tissue growth / protein synthesis/ cell proliferation |
When does bone response cease? | When growth plates fuse |
Somatopause | Decrease in LBM Decrease in bone mineral density Increase in body fat |
- FDBCK of this | External conditions Hypothalamus Releasing Hormone AP GH Liver IGF-1,2 |
Gigantism | Excessive IGF while epiphyseal growth plates are open |
Acromegaly | Excessive GH after fusion of epiphysis Cardiomegaly Diabetes due to anti-insulin action |
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