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Creado por J yadonknow
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Cell cycle | G1,S,G2,M phase |
What occurs during M phase (2) | 1. Mitosis 2. Cytokinesis |
Which phases are interphase (3) | G1,G2,S |
What occurs in G2 of interphase | Chromosomes start to condense |
What occurs in Prophase (3) | Chromosomes condensed, become visible Centrioles form centrosomes which duplicate Centrosomes begin to move to opposite poles of the cell |
What do each centrosome act as? | nucleation sites for microtubules that will form the mitotic spindle and an aster |
Prometaphase 2) | 1) Fragmentation of n. envelope membranes 2)Centrosomes move to complete their migration |
What does breakdown of nuclear envelope allow? | spindle MT to make contact w/ chromo |
Where do the spindle MT affix? | to the centromere kinetochore's checkpoint |
What is the centromere | Area of heterochromatin w/ CEN sequence |
What are these MT now referred to as? | Kinetochore MT |
Metaphase 1) | Maximally condensed chromosomes align along metaphase plate |
Anaphase A | as KC MT shorten, chromosomes pulled centromere first towards the spindle poles |
Anaphase B | Spindle poles move away from each other as interpolar MT lengthen |
Telophase (5) | Chromosomes reach pole of cell Decondense Nucleoli develop N. envelope reforms Spindle disassembles |
Final Chromosome condensation is carried out by | Condensins, a heterodimers that carry out final chromosome condensation |
MOA of condensation (2) | Loop fastener Orientated gyre |
What holds chromosomes together? | Cohesins |
Sets of MT in spindle (3) | Astral MT Kinetochore MT Interpolar MT |
Astral MT | Bind to PCM, afix spindle |
What mediates Astral movement? | Dynesin |
Kitechore MT components | Outer - structural Inner - bind DNA Checkpoint - collar that binds to spindle |
Interpolar MT | Affix to other MT of the spindle apparatus via protein cross-links |
Dynesin mediates | Attachment of astral MT to PCM |
Kinesin-14 function | Tightens spindle |
Kinesin-5 | Expands spindle |
Kinesin-4/-10 | Move chromosomes to poles of MT |
Role of kinetochores | Kinetochores facilitate fastening of DNA to spindle MT as DNA has little <3 for mitotic spindle |
Kinetochore layers | Checkpoint: Collar - attaches to spindle Outer: Structural Inner: Binds to centromere |
What orientates the chromosomes? | Kinesis-4/-10 |
Chromatid separation occurs | During anaphase |
What separates chromatids and how? | Separase removes cohesins |
How are chromatids pulled apart? 3) | A) shorten the spindle B) Depolymerisation of kinetochore MT C) KC pulled to pole |
How is spindle shortened | MT tubulin removed from + and - ends |
Depolymerisation of KC MT occurs at which end? | + end |
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