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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Argument | A conclusion about an issue that is supported by reasons. |
| Assumption | Beliefs, usually taken for granted, that are based on the experiences, observations, or desires of an individual or group. |
| Biased | A sample that does not reflect a random, representative population. A biased sample does not provide adequate evidence to support a conclusion. |
| Claim | A statement or conclusion about an issue. The advocate for a claim will seek to prove the truth of the claim through evidence. |
| Cogent | An inductive argument based on strong, credible evidence. |
| Conclusion | A position taken about an issue, also called a claim or an opinion; in deductive reasoning, the inference drawn from the major and minor premises; in research, the meaning and significance of the data as interpreted by the researcher. |
| Critical Thinker | Someone who uses specific criteria to evaluate reasoning, form positions, and make decisions. |
| Data | The observation made and information collected by the researcher as he or she completes a study. |
| Deductive Reasoning | The process of inferring a conclusion by putting forth true premises in a valid format. |
| Egalitarianism | A belief system in which behavior is considered to be ethical when equal opportunities and consequences apply to all people. |
| Ethics | Standards of conduct reflecting what is considered to be right or wrong behavior. |
| Expert | An individual who has education, significant experience, or both in a given area. The testimony of experts is used to support conclusions in arguments. |
| Fair-minded | A trait of critical thinker involving respect for others, willingness to hear and understand different viewpoints on an issue, and an openness to change when new information or insight warrants change. |
| Fallacious | Errors in reasoning. Fallacies can be seen as (1) reasons that seem logical but don't necessarily support the conclusion or (2) statements that distract listeners from the real issue |
| Generalization | Generalizations based on causal factors; that is, they state that a particular factor is responsible for a specific effect. These generalizations are used to strengthen inductive arguments. |
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