ISA Key Words

Pregunta	Respuesta
Accuracy	Close to the true value.
Calibration	Marking a scale on a measuring instrument. Establishing a relationship between indications of measurement and the standard.
Data	Information that has been collected. Qualitative: the qualities of the thing. Quantitative: numerical values.
Errors	There are many types, anomalies, measurement, random error, systematic error and zero error.
Errors: Anomalies	There are values in a set which don't fit and are caused by a random uncertainty.
Errors: Random Errors	These cause readings to be spread about the true value. Random errors are present when any measurement is made and cannot be corrected.
Errors: Systematic	These cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each measurement. System errors can be caused by the environement, instruments used or methods of observation. A different technique or set of equipment is needed to stop a system error.
Zero Error	When a measuring system gives a false reading, when it should say '0'.
Evidence	DATA which has shown to be VALID.
Fair Test	A fair test in which only the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE has been allowed to affect the DEPENDENT VARIABLE.
Hypothesis	A proposal intended to explain facts or observations.
Interval	The total quantity of the gaps between readings.
Precision	Precise measurements are ones in which there is very little spread about the mean value.
Prediction	A statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on obeservation, experience ar a HYPOTHESIS.
Range	The maximum and minimum values of the variables. This is important to detect a pattern.
Repeatable	A measurement is repeatable if the ORIGINAL EXPERIMENTER can obtain the same result using the SAME EQUIPMENT or METHOD.
Reproducible	A measurement is reproducible if the investigation is repeated by a DIFFERENT PERSON or EQUIPMENT or METHOD and the same result is obtained.
Resolution	The smallest change in the quantity that is being measured, that gives a perceptible change in the reading using a measuring instrument.
Sketch Graph	A line graph that shows the general shape of the relationship between the two variables. It will not have points plotted but axes will be labelled.
True Value	The value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement.
Validity	Suitability of the experiment to answer the question.
Uncertainty	The INTERVAL within the TRUE VALUE can be expected to lie.
Valid Conclusion	A conclusion supported by VALID data.
Variables	The physical, chemical or biological quanitites or characteristics.
Variables: Categoric	Values that are labels, like 'names of plants' or 'types of materials'.
Variables: Continuous	Quantity that can be given in values by counting or measurement, (eg. number of shrimp of flow rate).
Variables: Control	A control variable is able to affect the outcome of the investigation, so it must be kept constant (controlled).
Variables: Dependent	The variable of which the value is measured for each change in the independent variable.
Variables: Independent	The independent variable is the one you change.

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