Level 1 Biology Flashcards (SET TWO)

Pregunta	Respuesta
Diploid	Having a full set of chromosomes (2n); having a pair of each type of chromosome
Carrier	Individual that carries a gene for a particular recessive trait, does not express the trait, but can pass that trait on
Amino Acids	Basic building blocks of protein
Double Helix	Two strands of nucleotides wound around each other - structure of DNA
Fertilisation	The joining of male and female gamete
Offspring	Product of reproduction - a new organism produced by one or more parents
Proteins	Made up of amino acids. There are many types and all have important roles in living systems
Punnett Square	A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Semi-conservative replication	In each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new
Sex Chromosomes	Chromosomes X and Y that determine the sex of an individual
Crossing Over	Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Mutation	Process responsible for forming new alleles
Variation	Important to population and species in a changing environment
Changing Environment	E.g pest infestation, disease, drought or flood
Independent Assortment	Each homologous pair of chromosomes lines up at the equator - maternal or paternal - independently of other homologous pairs

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